Mukuka Brian - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mukuka Brian

Research paper thumbnail of A Study to Assess Anti-TB Treatment Compliance, Factors Predictive for Poor Adherence and Perpetual Defaulting among Patient Living with TB in Namuseche Chipata Eastern Province-Zambia Report Dissertation Submitted to Chreso University for Award of the Degree of the Bachelor of Science in Nursing

 Background of the Study: Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide. Accor... more  Background of the Study: Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide. According to WHO at least 1.5 million people each year succumb to TB, thus making it the world's top infectious killer as well as the leading cause from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS. Zambia is one of the top 30 high TB burden countries. People with active TB can infect 5-15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. TB patients with compromised immune systems, such as people living with HIV, malnutrition or diabetes, or people who use tobacco, have a higher risk of falling ill. Without proper treatment, 45% of HIV-negative people with TB on average and nearly all HIV-positive people with TB will die. Defaulting on TB medication is a major barrier to both local and global TB control. Defaulting increases, the risk of drug resistance, treatment failure, relapse and death, and may prolong infectiousness. Poor adherence to treatment means that patients remain infectious for longer and are more likely to relapse or succumb to tuberculosis. The rate of anti-TB treatment compliance, adherence and perpetual defaulting TB treatment was and is still high during the intensive phase of treatment. Most people who are called "lost to follow up" don't have adequate information as to why they should continue and finish their TB medication.  Methodology: A qualitative, phenomenological cross-sectional research design was used. Namuseche Prison Clinic and surrounding compounds of Chipata Township in Eastern Province Zambia. A total of 141 participants was recruited through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted. The SPSS package version 23 was applied to conduct quantitative analysis. The proposal was approved by the Chreso University Ethics Clearance Committee and National Health Research Authority. Researcher ensured confidentially and voluntary participation with informed consent.  Results: The age of the respondents in this study ranged from 18 years to 50 years. Knowledge on TB related questions was very high in this study and stood at 87.3%. TB treatment default was found in 34 (32.7%) respondents and was associated with distance to the facility and transport costs, feeling unwell and the drug side effects.  Conclusion: TB treatment default was found in 34 (32.7%) respondents and was associated with distance to the facility and transport costs, feeling unwell and the drug side effects.

Research paper thumbnail of Determining water quality and the associated risk factors to contamination in kalingalinga compound of Lusaka District, Zambia

International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024

Overview: This study investigated the quality of water and the associated risk factors leading to... more Overview: This study investigated the quality of water and the associated risk factors leading to contamination in the Kalingalinga Compound of Lusaka District, Zambia. Given the critical role that access to clean water plays in public health, the study focused on identifying the contaminants present in water sources and assessing the underlying factors contributing to their presence. Body of Knowledge: The study explored the crucial aspects of water quality assessment and the identification of contamination sources in a densely populated urban area. It aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the water quality parameters, such as microbial, chemical, and physical contaminants, and their impact on public health. By analyzing the various environmental, infrastructural, and human factors contributing to water contamination, the study sought to identify the primary risk factors, including inadequate sanitation, poor waste management, and the proximity of water sources to pollution points. Methods: This study employed a cross sectional study design in which 90 participants of Kalingalinga compound were selected at random in relation to their drinking water sources. Water samples were collected along with a structured questionnaire which was administered to each participant's household. Physical, Chemical and Microbial tests were conducted to determine the quality of water and the Total bacterial count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) were established. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for contamination in STATA software. Results: The study found that FCC of water samples from 15 sources (17%) were above the maximum legally accepted limits. Levels of coliforms did not conform to Zambian and WHO standards. Females were 13 times more likely to contaminate water than males (AOR: 12.42; 95% CI = 1.64,94.0; P = 0.02) whereas households that did not have adequate drinking water were 9 times more likely to contaminate the water than those who did (AOR = 8.26; 95% CI = 1.23,55.46; P = 0.03). Recommendation: Immediate solutions are required to eliminate contaminations from water sources in the Kalingalinga compound proceeded by awareness on the best hygienic practices to ensure the quality of drinking water, encouraging the use of water filtration systems from the borehole to the house and improvement of sanitation with the help of the DHO, NGO and other stakeholders.

Research paper thumbnail of A Study to Assess Anti-TB Treatment Compliance, Factors Predictive for Poor Adherence and Perpetual Defaulting among Patient Living with TB in Namuseche Chipata Eastern Province-Zambia Report Dissertation Submitted to Chreso University for Award of the Degree of the Bachelor of Science in Nursing

 Background of the Study: Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide. Accor... more  Background of the Study: Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide. According to WHO at least 1.5 million people each year succumb to TB, thus making it the world's top infectious killer as well as the leading cause from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS. Zambia is one of the top 30 high TB burden countries. People with active TB can infect 5-15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. TB patients with compromised immune systems, such as people living with HIV, malnutrition or diabetes, or people who use tobacco, have a higher risk of falling ill. Without proper treatment, 45% of HIV-negative people with TB on average and nearly all HIV-positive people with TB will die. Defaulting on TB medication is a major barrier to both local and global TB control. Defaulting increases, the risk of drug resistance, treatment failure, relapse and death, and may prolong infectiousness. Poor adherence to treatment means that patients remain infectious for longer and are more likely to relapse or succumb to tuberculosis. The rate of anti-TB treatment compliance, adherence and perpetual defaulting TB treatment was and is still high during the intensive phase of treatment. Most people who are called "lost to follow up" don't have adequate information as to why they should continue and finish their TB medication.  Methodology: A qualitative, phenomenological cross-sectional research design was used. Namuseche Prison Clinic and surrounding compounds of Chipata Township in Eastern Province Zambia. A total of 141 participants was recruited through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted. The SPSS package version 23 was applied to conduct quantitative analysis. The proposal was approved by the Chreso University Ethics Clearance Committee and National Health Research Authority. Researcher ensured confidentially and voluntary participation with informed consent.  Results: The age of the respondents in this study ranged from 18 years to 50 years. Knowledge on TB related questions was very high in this study and stood at 87.3%. TB treatment default was found in 34 (32.7%) respondents and was associated with distance to the facility and transport costs, feeling unwell and the drug side effects.  Conclusion: TB treatment default was found in 34 (32.7%) respondents and was associated with distance to the facility and transport costs, feeling unwell and the drug side effects.

Research paper thumbnail of Determining water quality and the associated risk factors to contamination in kalingalinga compound of Lusaka District, Zambia

International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024

Overview: This study investigated the quality of water and the associated risk factors leading to... more Overview: This study investigated the quality of water and the associated risk factors leading to contamination in the Kalingalinga Compound of Lusaka District, Zambia. Given the critical role that access to clean water plays in public health, the study focused on identifying the contaminants present in water sources and assessing the underlying factors contributing to their presence. Body of Knowledge: The study explored the crucial aspects of water quality assessment and the identification of contamination sources in a densely populated urban area. It aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the water quality parameters, such as microbial, chemical, and physical contaminants, and their impact on public health. By analyzing the various environmental, infrastructural, and human factors contributing to water contamination, the study sought to identify the primary risk factors, including inadequate sanitation, poor waste management, and the proximity of water sources to pollution points. Methods: This study employed a cross sectional study design in which 90 participants of Kalingalinga compound were selected at random in relation to their drinking water sources. Water samples were collected along with a structured questionnaire which was administered to each participant's household. Physical, Chemical and Microbial tests were conducted to determine the quality of water and the Total bacterial count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) were established. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for contamination in STATA software. Results: The study found that FCC of water samples from 15 sources (17%) were above the maximum legally accepted limits. Levels of coliforms did not conform to Zambian and WHO standards. Females were 13 times more likely to contaminate water than males (AOR: 12.42; 95% CI = 1.64,94.0; P = 0.02) whereas households that did not have adequate drinking water were 9 times more likely to contaminate the water than those who did (AOR = 8.26; 95% CI = 1.23,55.46; P = 0.03). Recommendation: Immediate solutions are required to eliminate contaminations from water sources in the Kalingalinga compound proceeded by awareness on the best hygienic practices to ensure the quality of drinking water, encouraging the use of water filtration systems from the borehole to the house and improvement of sanitation with the help of the DHO, NGO and other stakeholders.