Munther Kandah - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Munther Kandah

Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 2010

In this study, the potential use of Palm Tree Leaf (PTL) particles for the removal of copper ions... more In this study, the potential use of Palm Tree Leaf (PTL) particles for the removal of copper ions from aqueous solution was investigated. The effects of shaking time, Cu 2+ concentration and equilibrium pH on the biosorption of copper ions from aqueous solution were studied. Batch biosorption experiments proved the technical feasibility of using PTL particles to remove copper ions from aqueous solutions, where Cu 2+ uptake of 17.6 mg/g was observed. The biosorption of copper on PTL particles was pH dependent and maximum copper sorption was found to occur at an equilibrium pH of 5.5. The equilibrium sorption data of copper on PTL particles was described by 2 two-parameter isotherm models: the Freundlich and the Langmuir models, as well as by the three-parameter Redlich-Peterson model. While all three models proved a good fit for the equilibrium sorption data, CFEF non-linear regression analysis indicated that the Redlich-Peterson model resulted in the best fit. Dynamic studies revealed that the initial uptake of copper on PTL particles was rapid, where equilibrium was established within 15 minutes and that the data followed the pseudo second-order reaction.

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Feb 21, 2010

In this project cadmium ions were adsorbed from aqueous solutions onto either date pits; a cheap ... more In this project cadmium ions were adsorbed from aqueous solutions onto either date pits; a cheap agricultural and nontoxic material, or chemically activated carbon prepared from date pits using phosphoric acid. A series of experiments were conducted in a batch adsorption technique to assess the feasibility of using the prepared adsorbents. The effects of the process variables such as initial cadmium ions concentration, contact time, solution pH and adsorbent dose on the adsorption capacity of both adsorbents were studied. The experimental data were tested using different isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The results showed that although the equilibrium data could be described by all models used, Langmuir model gave slightly better results when using activated carbon while Freundlich model, gave better results with date pits.

Chemical Engineering Journal, Dec 1, 2001

Available and disposal low price adsorbent (i.e. sheep manure waste (SMW)) was used for adsorptio... more Available and disposal low price adsorbent (i.e. sheep manure waste (SMW)) was used for adsorption studies of Zn 2+ from aqueous solutions. The adsorption experiments were performed under various conditions such as different adsorbent particle size (0.064-1.0 mm), Zn 2+ initial concentration (20-150 ppm), shaking time (1-300 min), pH (1-6), and adsorbent concentration (2-30 g/l). About 10 g/l of SMW (0.064 mm in diameter) was found to be enough to remove 93.3% of 100 ppm Zn 2+ from 50 ml aqueous solution after 1 h. The optimum pH value was found to be at 4. The kinetic curves show very clearly the selectivity of the SMW for Zn 2+. The uptake obeys both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The applicability of Lagergren kinetic model has also been investigated. Activated carbon was also prepared by heating a grinded SMW at (105-800 • C) and the adsorption capacity is investigated. About 10 g/l of activated (heated to 600 • C) SMW was enough to remove 98.8% of 100 ppm Zn 2+ from 50 ml aqueous solution after 5 h.

Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), Jun 22, 2022

Journal of Physics D, Nov 25, 2003

Cross-sections of erosion craters formed by vacuum arc discharges on graphite cathodes are examin... more Cross-sections of erosion craters formed by vacuum arc discharges on graphite cathodes are examined using electron microscopy. These reveal erosion craters that are covered with a growth layer forming a continuous film on the arced surface. The film surface is composed of sphere-like structures similar to cauliflower diamond and to the emitted macro-particles (MPs) observed in coating experiments using graphite

Chemical Engineering & Technology, Sep 10, 2002

This study evaluates the suitability of using low-grade phosphate for Cu 2+ removal. The study al... more This study evaluates the suitability of using low-grade phosphate for Cu 2+ removal. The study also investigates the effects of the presence of ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, tartaric acid and sodium chloride in a solution containing Cu 2+ on the adsorption capacity of Cu 2+ onto low-grade phosphate. For aqueous solutions with 100 ppm Cu 2+ , the percentage removal of Cu 2+ at pH 4 onto 0.2 g of 0.063 mm low-grade phosphate was found to be 96.6 % after one hour. Using one mmol of either Cu 2+ , Cu-NaCl, Cu-tartaric acid, Cu-EDTA, or Cu-citric acid aqueous solutions, the present work shows trend of the percentage removal of Cu 2+ at equilibrium time: Cu 2+ > Cu-NaCl > Cu-tartaric acid > Cu-EDTA > Cu-citric acid. It is also found that increasing the concentration of ligand to copper ratio decreases the percentage removal of Cu 2+ significantly. This means that the adsorption capacity is ligand type and concentration dependent.

Microscopy and Microanalysis, Aug 1, 1997

Vacuum arcs on graphite cathodes are currently used as sources of carbon ions for the production ... more Vacuum arcs on graphite cathodes are currently used as sources of carbon ions for the production of diamond-like films in the arc ion-plating (AIP) deposition process. Emission from these cathode sources is concentrated in very localized “cathode spots” having typically 10 (i.m in diameter for graphite cathodes. These spots carry the totality of the arc current, the remaining of the surface being unaffected by the discharge. For electron emission falling in the thermo-field emission mode, extremely high current densities up to 108 -109 Am-2 are induced generating a high localized heat flux to the surface during the spot lifetime. On metallic electrodes, this strong heat flux generates localized surface melting during the microsecond scale spot lifetime. High localized plasma pressures (>10 Atm in the case of copper) were found to exist in the cathode spot volume, leading to the co-emission of micro-droplets of the liquid metal along with the ion beam.

Separation and Purification Technology, Feb 1, 2004

An attempt was made to utilize low-grade phosphate (LGP) as an adsorbent for Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ over... more An attempt was made to utilize low-grade phosphate (LGP) as an adsorbent for Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ over a range of initial metal ions concentrations (10-50 ppm), agitation time (5-210 min), adsorbent concentration (1-7 g/l) and pH (2-6). Adsorption of both Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ increased with increased LGP concentration and reached maximum uptake at 5 g/l and pH between 4 and 6 for both metal ions. The amount adsorbed increases with time and initial metal concentrations for both metal ions. The equilibrium time was achieved for both metal ions after 30 min. The process of uptake obeys both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The affinity of LGP for H + is considerably higher than for Zn 2+ and Cd 2+. The equilibrium uptake of zinc ions decreases with the increase in the initial cadmium ions concentration and that of cadmium ions decreases as the initial zinc ions concentration increases. Desorption of LGP with 0.1 N H 2 SO 4 was done for three cycles successfully.

European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Jul 29, 2008

Page 1. Research Paper Parametric study of biodiesel production from used soybean oil Mamdouh All... more Page 1. Research Paper Parametric study of biodiesel production from used soybean oil Mamdouh Allawzi and Munther Issa Kandah ... 2008, 49, 125130. [17] H. Imahara, E. Minami, S. Hari, S. Saka: Thermal stability of biodiesel in supercritical methanol. Fuel. ...

ABSTRACT In this work, the dependence of the vacuum arc spot velocity on physical and electrical ... more ABSTRACT In this work, the dependence of the vacuum arc spot velocity on physical and electrical properties of different graphite cathode materials is investigated in the presence of a variable magnetic field. A pulsed arc system is used to perform preliminary experiments on the arc mobility for the different types of graphite for the selection of proper material morphology and the design of a continuous vacuum arc system. The characteristics of arc mobility, erosion rate, and carbon ion flux emitted from the continuous carbon source are then evaluated in view of particle-free diamond-like protective coatings. Results show that the arc spot velocity on graphite cathodes is larger on cathodes having larger grain size, lower electrical resistivity and higher apparent density. The spot velocity is also lower for cathodes having larger pore sizes and total porosity. The arc spot velocity is also found to be increased by increasing the magnetic field intensity over the surface of any graphite type. Reduced residence time of the spot on a given site of the cathode resulting from arc velocity increase should lead to a reduction in the heat load input in the cathode spot. This correlates with results on the number of emitted particles, the film thickness and roughness, and the erosion rate that are found to decrease, while the ion flux emission is increased. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films free of particles are produced in a continuous arc ion plating (AIP) system. The ion energy in the continuous AIP system is found to vary with the graphite surface properties and the intensity of a plasma confining magnetic field in front of the cathode. The ion energies measured vary between 39.8 eV to 62.6 eV.

Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 2008

This paper focuses on how the surface chemical groups of sheep manure affect the adsorption capac... more This paper focuses on how the surface chemical groups of sheep manure affect the adsorption capacity of cobalt ions. Improvement in cobalt ions uptake onto sheep manure was achieved successfully by introducing more carboxylic functional groups into its surface due to citric acid treatment. According to Langmuir model, cobalt ions uptake was increased from 22.88 mg/g for dried sheep manure (D-SM) to 37.45 mg/g when D-SM was treated with 0.6 M citric acid (C-SM). Point of zero charge and cation exchange capacity were determined and found as 4.3 and 82 meq/100g for D-SM while it was found as 3.4 and 281 meq/100g for C-SM, respectively. The effects of process parameters such as solution pH, initial concentration of cobalt ions, contact time and concentration of citric acid on the uptake of cobalt ions were also investigated. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to the experimental data. Both models fitted quite well with the experimental data.

Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, 2014

In this project, factors affecting efficiency of water electrolysis such as the electrolyte type,... more In this project, factors affecting efficiency of water electrolysis such as the electrolyte type, electrodes spacing, electrodes surface morphology (smooth or rough), electrodes effective area (or number of electrodes) and electrodes connection configuration were investigated. The efficiency was calculated as the ratio between the HHO flow rate measured experimentally to that measured theoretically from Faraday's law. It is found that the best efficient electrolyzer consists of 22 plates (4 anodes, 4 cathodes and 14 neutrals) where each plate area was 17x15 cm 2. When the 22 plates were connected in parallel and immersed in 20 g KOH/3L electrolyte, they produced HHO gas flow rate of 740 ml/min at 17 A and 62.92 % efficiency.

Chemical Engineering & Technology, Feb 17, 2022

Petroleum-based plastics have been causing severe ecological problems to the environment, posing ... more Petroleum-based plastics have been causing severe ecological problems to the environment, posing a threat to the marine life as well as the quality of air. A biodegradable bioplastic was produced using natural and biodegradable materials, such as gelatin, glycerol, and water, together with natural agricultural wastes, such as Jordanian olive tree leaves as reinforced fillers within the bioplastics. The study aimed to investigate the type and percentage of each bioplastic component (biopolymer + plasticizer + other additive) and the influence of the percentage of the olive leaves on the mechanical properties of the produced bioplastic. It was found that, as the concentration of olive leaves increased, the density decreased; the ductility also decreased down to 7 %, then increased.

Proceedings of the 1st International Congress on Engineering Technologies, 2021

The concept of zero energy building is considered a highly demand because of the danger of the gl... more The concept of zero energy building is considered a highly demand because of the danger of the global warming effect due to the gas emission from the petroleum based energy sources. In this work, a comprehensive study for zero energy building is carried out for one building in Jordan with 240m 2 area which consists of 10 apartments with 150m 2 each. The study concentrated on developing the best design of renewable energy that achieve zero energy for each apartment using photovoltaics (PV) and thermal solar collectors. The heating and cooling loads were calculated using a commercial software package (HAP) and F-chart method for solar heating load calculations. The expected monthly saving and payback period for each apartment were 63.7 JD, 3.1 years for case one, 59 JD, 3.4 years for case two, and 55 JD, 4.1 years for case three, respectively. It was found that the peak power energy of photovoltaics panels for a single typical apartment is 4.62 kWp which saves 764 JD/year and the required heating and cooling peak loads are 3336 kWh/year and 7632 kWh/year respectively. Hence the conservation of energy measures and integration of renewable energy will enforce energy efficiency into a net zero energy buildings.

Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering

One of the problematic issues with the recycling of used automobile tires is the production of un... more One of the problematic issues with the recycling of used automobile tires is the production of unwanted fiber waste. This waste is considered as a major burden and as an industrial waste which constitutes an extra cost to industries. In this project, thermal and noise insulators were produced from the fiber waste of automobiles. The insulation materials were used in insulating different types of rooms to study their thermal and noise insulation effectiveness (Caravan rooms and brick rooms). Results were also compared to identical rooms without insulation. Results showed that the thermal properties of the obtained sheets are similar to those used currently in construction. The differences between the insulated rooms and the non-insulated rooms were about 2⸰C and 1-4 dBA for thermal and sound level, respectively, for both construction models during day and night all over the year period. KEYWORDS: Automobile tires, Fiber, Thermal insulation, Sound insulation.

Chem. Eng. Technol. 2022, 45, No. 00, 1–8, 2022

Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2022

Polymer International, 2012

ABSTRACT The synthesis of biodegradable environmentally friendly copolymeric beads for water trea... more ABSTRACT The synthesis of biodegradable environmentally friendly copolymeric beads for water treatment biosorption processes is demonstrated. The synthesized poly(methacrylamide) grafted aliginic acid copolymers were characterized using 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TGA and SEM. The di-block copolymers showed a morphological change from two-dimensional layer-by-layer structures to three-dimensional well-compacted wrinkles as grafting efficiency increased. The copolymeric beads were formed from the di-block copolymer and algae crosslinked with 5% calcium ions (w/w). These copolymeric beads were then subjected to biosorption investigations for zinc ions as a model heavy metal ion at different pH values and stirring time periods. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the copolymeric beads were effective in zinc ion removal from aqueous solutions with maximum uptake exceeding 89.0 mg g–1 using higher grafting efficiency copolymeric beads at pH 5.5. Equilibrium pH studies revealed that zinc biosorption was pH dependent and maximum uptake was obtained at pH 5.5. Dynamics studies showed that the biosorption of zinc was rapid with equilibrium attained within 40 min and the data followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The equilibrium biosorption of zinc ions on the copolymeric beads exhibited a Freundlich isotherm fit. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry