Murat Karapapak - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Murat Karapapak
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2022
Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of cold saline solution (0.9% NaCl) with topical opht... more Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of cold saline solution (0.9% NaCl) with topical ophthalmic proparacaine for maintaining topical anesthesia of patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery. Methods: The prospective, double-blinded, and randomized clinical study was randomly assigned to two groups that underwent phacoemulsification surgery due to cataracts. The cold saline group included 86 eyes of 86 patients with topical anesthesia of cold saline solution alone. The proparacaine group included 84 eyes of 84 patients with topical ophthalmic proparacaine (room temperature) anesthesia alone. The patients were scored according to a pain survey questionnaire of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranked between 0 and 10. The surgeon scored surgical experience by a Surgeon Questionnaire Scale (SQS) in three parameters, each of which was ranked from 1 to 3 based on questions regarding ease and comfort during the surgery. Results: The mean VAS scores were 1.29 ± 0.65 and 1.22 ± 0.66 for the cold saline and proparacaine groups, respectively (P = 0.182). The mean scores of SQS (lower values represented favorable results) were 4.11 ± 0.76 and 3.97 ± 0.74 in the cold saline and proparacaine groups, respectively (P = 0.163). Ten patients in the proparacaine group experienced corneal epitheliopathy in the postoperative period. Conclusion: As an easily accessible and cost-effective method, cold saline solution alone might be an alternative to topical ophthalmic proparacaine alone with comparable safe and effective results. The absence of allergic or toxic effects also provided a significant advantage in the cold saline application.
Background: To investigate the ocular findings and multimodal imaging characteristics of retiniti... more Background: To investigate the ocular findings and multimodal imaging characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients. Materials and Methods: Patients who were followed up in our clinic for RP were evaluated retrospectively between June 2014 and July 2017. Ophthalmological examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, and axial length (AL) measurements. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging properties of macular region were examined in detail. Results: In the study, 865 eyes of 446 RP patients were evaluated. In biomicroscopic examination, cataract surgery was performed in 23.6% of the eyes, and 29.1% of the eyes had posterior subcapsular cataract. In fundus examination, end-stage RP was detected in 67.4% of the eyes and severe macular atrophy in 9.8% of the eyes. The mean AL was 23±1.8 mm, the mean central macular thickness (CMT) was 136.6±87.1 um, and the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) was 178.3±89.1 um. There was a positive correlation between BCVA and CMT, SCT, external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone line integrity (p<0.001). Inner limiting membrane thickening and/or epiretinal membrane 47.7%, intraretinal hyperreflective foci 43.1%, micropseudocyst 15.8% and cystoid macular edema 6.5% were among the most commonly seen macular abnormalities detected in OCT. There was presence of a hyper-autofluorescent (AF) ring in 28.4%, abnormal hyper-AF patterns at the macula in 45.3%. There was a positive correlation between external limiting membrane-ellipsoid zone line integrity and the hyper-AF ring (p<0.001). Conclusion: Screening RP patients using OCT, FAF and biometry findings may be useful both for documenting of the disease and for selecting candidates for innovative treatment modalities like retinal prosthesis, stem cell therapy.
Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice, 2021
Aim and objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of XEN stent implantation in the inferonas... more Aim and objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of XEN stent implantation in the inferonasal quadrant after prior failed trabeculectomy. Materials and methods: Fourteen open-angle glaucoma patients with prior failed trabeculectomy were recruited to this retrospective study. Implantation of the stent was performed as a stand-alone procedure. The mean follow-up duration was 14.2 months. Best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, complications, and the requirement for additional procedures were among the outcome measures recorded. Results: Mean IOP reduced by 49.3% from 24.14 ± 2.74 mm Hg preoperatively to 12.23 ± 2.89 mm Hg at month 12 (p < 0.001). Medication usage reduced from 3.71 ± 0.47 medications preoperatively to 1.31 ± 1.55 at month 12 (p = 0.003). Adverse events included transient slight intracameral hemorrhage (5 eyes, 35.7%), second trabeculectomy required (2 eyes, 14.3%), and numerical hypotony (IOP <5 mm Hg, in 3 cases, 21.4%), all of which resolved spontaneously. Six eyes (42.8%) required postoperative bleb needling to further reduce IOP. There were no cases of vision loss, stent exposure, hypotony, lower eyelid malposition, bleb dysesthesia, or bleb-related infection. Conclusion: XEN gel stent implantation in the inferonasal quadrant can be considered a viable surgical option for patients with a history of previously failed trabeculectomy requiring further IOP lowering. Clinical significance: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series describing the outcome of inferonasal implantation of XEN gel stent following failed trabeculectomy.
Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
ABSTRACT Purpose Idiopathic and diabetic epiretinal membranes (ERM) are different in terms of pat... more ABSTRACT Purpose Idiopathic and diabetic epiretinal membranes (ERM) are different in terms of pathophysiology, etiology, and macular morphology, and thus might respond to surgical treatment differently. We aimed to compare the surgical results of two groups. Methods Retrospective case series study of 71 eyes of 66 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) due to idiopathic or diabetic ERM with at least 1-year follow-up. Examinations were performed before, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The average macular thicknesses in nine sectors described by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), and BCVA was evaluated. ERM recurrence rates were investigated. Results In both idiopathic and diabetic groups, retinal thickness (RT) changes occurred as long as 12 months after vitrectomy surgery for ERM. However, in the idiopathic group, significant changes were mainly seen in the first 6 months, while in the diabetic group changes slowed considerably between the third and sixth months, but again accelerated (becoming significant) during the last 6 months. Conclusions According to the findings of this study, as compared to those with idiopathic ERM, diabetic patients would likely see continuing benefits from ERM surgery 6 to 12 months post surgery. The BCVA changes of the two groups were similar. ILM peeling decreased ERM recurrence in the idiopathic group but not in the diabetic group.
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2020
Background The aim of the study was to investigate whether retinal neurovascular structural impai... more Background The aim of the study was to investigate whether retinal neurovascular structural impairment in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) could be detected early via optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Methods In the current prospective, cross-sectional, observational clinical study children and adolescents with T1D without DR were evaluated between December 2018 and May 2019. Retinal neurovascular structures in the macular and optic disc regions were examined in detail and quantitatively assessed using OCT and OCTA. Data from subjects with T1D were compared with data from healthy controls. Whether retinal neurovascular structural changes were significantly associated with puberty stage, diabetes duration, and HbA1c level was also investigated. Results The T1D group included 110 eyes and the control group included 84 eyes. In the T1D group the mean inside disc vessel density (VD) was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.001), as was the mean superior temporal disc VD (p < 0.043). Puberty stage was significantly associated with retinal thickness, parafoveal superficial capillary plexus VD, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (p < 0.05). Diabetes duration and HbA1c level was significantly correlated with retinal layer thickness, foveal avascular zone diameter, and superficial and deep capillary plexus VDs. Conclusion In children and adolescents with T1D without clinical signs of DR, the VD of the disc region is affected earlier than the macular region. In these patients, early neurovascular impairment can be detected non-invasively via OCT and OCTA.
SiSli Etfal Hastanesi Tip Bulteni / The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Hospital, 2020
In the current study, we aimed to investigate retinal vascular density and blood flow changes in ... more In the current study, we aimed to investigate retinal vascular density and blood flow changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) (AngioVue Avanti, Optovue). Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 patients with COPD and 30 eyes of 30 healthy controls were evaluated with OCTA. Foveal and parafoveal vessel density, inner retinal and choriocapillary flow area, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were measured and compared between the groups. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the outer retinal flow area and choriocapillary flow area measurements between the groups (p=0.609 and p=0.162, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in FAZ and FAZ perimeter values between the groups (p=0.725 and p=0.820, respectively). Vascular density measurements in the superficial foveal and parafoveal areas were not statistically significantly different between the groups (p>0.05, for all). Deep parafoveal vascular density values of the COPD group were statistically significantly lower than the control group in all investigated areas except the superior and inferior quadrants. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated for the first time that vascular density decreased in the parafoveal area due to COPD-related hypoxemia and endothelial dysfunction.
Medicine Science | International Medical Journal, 2019
A 59-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus and bilateral primary open angle glaucoma ... more A 59-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus and bilateral primary open angle glaucoma was referred to our clinic due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye. On examination, the visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes and IOP was measured 22 mmHg in his right eye and 14 mmHg in his left eye despite maximal medical treatment. The patient had undergone two trabeculectomy and an EXPress shunt surgery in the right eye previously. XEN gel stent (Allergan, Dublin, CA) implanted in the inferonasal quadrant due to the scarring in superior and nasal conjunctiva as a result of failed surgeries. The patient was followed up for 18 months with an IOP under 10 mmHg without any medication or a second intervention. XEN stent implantation may be considered as an effective option where other surgical techniques failed, and the conjunctiva is unsuitable in the superior quadrant.
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2020
Purpose: To investigate whether impaired lacrimal pump function is a possible cause of discharge ... more Purpose: To investigate whether impaired lacrimal pump function is a possible cause of discharge in patients wearing an artificial eye compared with the remaining healthy eye. Methods: Consecutive patients wearing unilateral ocular prosthesis for !6 months were included in this retrospective study. Excluded were any deformities of eyelids or nasal passage, socket complications such as entropion, ectropion, ptosis, infection, pyogenic granuloma, contracted socket, obstruction of nasolacrimal duct diagnosed with lacrimal irrigation and a difference greater than 2 mm in terms of protrusion between two eyes detected by Hertel exophthalmometry. Patients were asked to score the levels of tearing and mucopurulent discharge between 0 and 5 to assess lacrimal drainage function subjectively. Furthermore, dacryoscintigraphy was performed to assess the functional status of the lacrimal system objectively. Results: Included were 32 subjects (12 females, 20 males; aged 32.94 AE 17.62, range 13-78). Mean duration of prosthetic wearing 26.41 AE 21.30 (6-72) months. The mean subjective scores of tearing and mucopurulent discharge were 1.56 AE 1.67 and 1.94 AE 1.63, respectively. The rate of functional stenosis was significantly higher in the anophthalmic socket side as compared to the healthy side (P ¼ 0.002). The rates of a presac, preduct, and intraduct obstruction was notes as n ¼ 9, n ¼ 10, n ¼ 1 and n ¼ 0, n ¼ 6, n ¼ 2 in the anophthalmic side and the companion eye, respectively (P ¼ 0.021). Conclusion: Compared to paired healthy eyes, the ocular prosthesis exhibited significantly higher rates of functional lacrimal duct obstruction, especially at the presac level. The alterations in orbital volume and tear film composition in addition to reduced corneal reflex blinking may lead to the failure of lacrimal pump function in artificial eyes.
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Retina-Vitreous, 2020
To assess and compare the results of surgical and non-surgical approaches in patients with vitreo... more To assess and compare the results of surgical and non-surgical approaches in patients with vitreous hemorrhage during the follow-up period. Materials and Methods: The patients with vitreous hemorrhage were divided into 2 groups: those who did not undergo vitreoretinal surgery (Group 1) and those who underwent surgery (Group 2). A detailed ophthalmic examination was performed, including an assessment of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure, as well as anterior segment and fundus biomicroscopic examination. The patients demographic information, the causes of vitreous hemorrhage, the length of the follow-up period (months) and visual acuity at the fi rst and last visits were examined for statistical analyses. Results: The mean age was 58 ± 12 and 59 ± 12 years while number of eyes included was 140 and 52 and mean follow-up period was 3.5 ± 6.1 and 11.4 ± 13.3 months in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. In Group 1, BCVA was 0.690 ± 0.55 logMAR at baseline and 0.55 ± 0.49 logMAR (p = 0.024) at the fi nal visit. In Group 2, BCVA was 1.17 ± 0.88 logMAR at baseline and 0.62 ± 0.51 logMAR in the postoperative period (p = 0.001). The most commonly observed causes of vitreous hemorrhage were diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears, retinal vein occlusion and posterior vitreous detachment. Conclusion: A signifi cant increase in BCVA was observed during the follow-up period of groups treated for vitreous hemorrhage in surgical and non-surgical manner. The increase was greater in patients underwent surgical intervention.
SiSli Etfal Hastanesi Tip Bulteni / The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Hospital, 2018
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the treatment modalities applied for retinopathy of prema... more Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the treatment modalities applied for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to determine the efficacy and results of treatment modalities. Methods: Premature babies, who needed treatment for ROP and followed-up in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of our hospital or external centers, were retrospectively evaluated between January 2012 and January 2017. According to the criteria determined by the International ROP committee, the zones and stages of the cases were recorded. In this study, patients were evaluated in three groups. Group 1: plus disease with any stage in zone 1, group 2: plus disease in zone 2, together with stage 2 or 3, group 3: classified as aggressive posterior retinopathy (APROP). The birth weight, gestational age, treatment weeks and treatments that were administered were recorded. Regression in plus disease, macular dragging and retinal detachment did not develop were evaluated as successful treatment. Results: 1746 preterm babies were examined. 65 (3.7%) preterm babies were included in this study, 31 female and 34 male. 126 eyes of preterm babies were intervened. The mean birth weight was 1159 (535-2200) grams, and the mean gestational age was 28.4±2.5 (24-34) weeks. Group 1 had 33 eyes (26.1%), group 2 had 71 eyes (56.3%), and group 3 had 22 eyes (17.4%). 94 eyes (74.6%) were treated once, 26 eyes (20.6%) were treated twice, 6 eyes (4.8%) received treatment three times. The first treatment was applied at 36±2.4 (32-41) weeks. The first treatment was performed with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in 75.8% of group 1 and 95.5% of group 3, and with diode laser photocoagulation (LPC) in 78.9% of group 2. There was a significant correlation between birth week and birth weight and first treatment week. Re-treatment was applied to 32,8% in LPC group and 19.2% in the IVB group due to recurrence. 5 eyes which were applied LPC+IVB did not need any re-treatment. Stage 4a retinal detachment developed in both eyes of 1 patient from group 1. Macular traction was developed in 2 eyes of 1 patient in group 2. After the treatments, success in 122 eyes (96.8%) was obtained. Conclusion: ROP can be controlled by convenient and effective treatment. Although conventional LPC is still the first treatment option for ROP, IVB alone or combination with LPC is a highly effective treatment option for zone 1 disease and APROP. IVB reduces the number of ROP treatments.
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia, 2020
To identify problems caused by prosthesis-socket volume imbalances in anophthalmic sockets; and t... more To identify problems caused by prosthesis-socket volume imbalances in anophthalmic sockets; and to evaluate rehabilitation with dermofat graft as a solution. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients operated in our clinic (between May 2011 and June 2016) with dermofat grafts to treat anophthalmic socket-related problems. During the preoperative examinations, ophthalmologists recorded the presence of eyelid problems due to the socket volume deficit, upper and lower fornix deficiency, deepening in the upper eyelid sulcus, epiphora and secretion, lower eyelid laxity, ptosis, entropion, and ectropion. Following the surgical repair, new prosthesis suitable for the resulting socket area were implemented for all the patients. The mean follow-up period was 27.42±16 months (ranging from 10-62 months). On the last control examinations, ophthalmologists recorded solved and unsolved socket problems that were present preoperatively. Results: We included 16 men and 5 women in this study. The mean age was 38.3 ± 18.4 years (range, 5-75 years). The mean duration of preoperative prosthesis use was 9.4 ± 6.8 years (range, 1-30 years). Preoperatively, 7 patients had only orbital volume deficits, and 14 had socket volume displacements in addition to the volume deficits. After the dermofat graft implantations, the remaining deficits were corrected during another surgical session: 6 patients underwent ptosis corrections, 5 lateral canthal suspensions, 5 lower fornix with mucosal graft formations, and 2 upper fornix formations with mucosal grafts. All patients were able to use prosthesis postoperatively. Conclusion: The use of dermofat grafts to correct anophthalmic socket problems caused by orbital volume deficits or volume displacements is an effective, reliable, and reproducible surgical method.
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019
A 24-years-old male patient presented with complaints of right sided foreign body ingrowth. On th... more A 24-years-old male patient presented with complaints of right sided foreign body ingrowth. On the ophthalmologic examination, a hard, immobile foreign body was detected with palpation in the middle of the lower eyelid had medial incision about 1 cm. Vertical gaze limitation was detected particularly in the inferior view of the patient with marked edema and echymosis in the lower lid. Computer tomography revealed a millimeterthickness foreign body material of 65 millimeters in lenght in tubular structures extending from the right orbital floor to the intersphenoid septum by penetrating the anterior wall of medial ethmoid and sphenoid sinus.
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2019
PURPOSE To compare the results of 3 evisceration techniques involving placement of an acrylic imp... more PURPOSE To compare the results of 3 evisceration techniques involving placement of an acrylic implant within the scleral shell without posterior sclerotomy (Group 1), posterior sclerotomy with placement of a porous implant within the intraconal space (Group 2) and posterior sclerotomy with placement of a acrylic implant within the intraconal space (Group 3) with respect to ocular mobility, implant complications and patient satisfaction. METHODS Single-center, retrospective, interventional case series. A chart review of 72 patients undergoing evisceration between February 2013 and January 2018 was carried out. Thirty-five patients met the inclusion criteria having a normal or near normal size eye and at least 6 months follow-up. The horizontal movements of the implant and the artificial eye was measured by using a ruler. Data analyses were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test for 2 independent samples. RESULTS Neither infection nor prolapse of the implant had occurred in any of the patients. The mean implant sizes were 18 mm in Group 1, 20 mm in Group 2 and 20 mm in Group 3. Statistically, a significant difference was assessed between Group 1 and Group 2 in both nasal and temporal movement of the socket; nasal and temporal movement of the prosthesis. Statistically, a significant difference was assessed between Group 1 and Group 3 in both nasal and temporal movement of the socket; nasal and temporal movement of the prosthesis. However, there was no statistically significant difference between Group 2 and Group 3 in neither nasal and temporal movement of the socket nor nasal and temporal movement of the artificial eye. CONCLUSION Group 1 showed the significantly better movement of both prosthesis and socket in adduction and abduction than Group 2 and 3. The likely explanation of for this may be that preserving the scleral shell integrity allows more efficient transmission of muscle contraction to the socket and prosthesis.
European Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019
Purpose: To evaluate the ophthalmic, systemic, and genetic characteristics of patients with Wolfr... more Purpose: To evaluate the ophthalmic, systemic, and genetic characteristics of patients with Wolfram syndrome. Methods: In total, 13 patients with suspected or clinically diagnosed Wolfram syndrome underwent ophthalmic and systemic examinations and genetic analyses for Wolfram syndrome between August and October 2018. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 24.2 ± 7.1 years, of which 5 (38.5%) subjects were male and 8 (61.5%) were female. The mean best-corrected visual acuity ranged from counting fingers to 20/40, with a mean of 20/250 (1.10 ± 0.69 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution). Dyschromatopsia was present in all patients (100%). There was a severe decrease in the average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thicknesses (54.7 ± 6.5 and 51.9 ± 4.8 µm, respectively). Optical coherence tomography angiography showed significantly lower whole-image, inside disk, and peripapillary vessel densities in the patients with Wol...
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2019
The aim of this retrospective, nonrandomized, observational clinical study was to evaluate the sc... more The aim of this retrospective, nonrandomized, observational clinical study was to evaluate the screening results for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) of late-preterm infants born at 32-35 weeks gestational age (GA). Methods Retinopathy screening data of late-preterm infants were evaluated between January 2015 and September 2018. The zones and stages of ROP development were classified according to the International ROP Committee criteria. Patients were categorized into four groups according to GA: 32 < 33 weeks GA, 33 < 34 weeks GA, 34 < 35 weeks GA, and 35 < 36 weeks GA. The rates of development of any stage of ROP or severe ROP (requiring treatment) were recorded. Results The study included 543 infants: 139 (25.4%) in 32 < 33 weeks GA, 127 (23.6%) in 33 < 34 weeks GA, 162 (30.2%) in 34 < 35 weeks GA, and 115 (20.8%) in 35 < 36 weeks GA. Different stages of ROP developed in 29 infants (20.9%) in 32 < 33 weeks GA, 19 infants (15%) in 33 < 34 weeks GA, 17 infants (10.5%) in 34 < 35 weeks GA, and 6 infants (5.2%) in 35 < 36 weeks GA. Treatment was required for 14 infants (2.6%) due to severe ROP: 7 (5%) in 32 < 33 weeks GA, 3 (2.4%) in 33 < 34 weeks GA, and 4 (2.5%) in 34 < 35 weeks GA. No treatment was required in 35 < 36 weeks GA. Conclusion Late-preterm infants must be screened for ROP, especially those born in developing countries. Although rates of ROP development decrease as GA increases, infants born at 34 weeks of GA or younger, regardless of birth weight, should be examined at least once for ROP.
European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2018
Purpose To evaluate the demographic characteristics and visual outcomes of patients with open glo... more Purpose To evaluate the demographic characteristics and visual outcomes of patients with open globe injury (OGI) in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods The data of patients admitted with OGI to Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey from January 2012 to December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively, and 100 of the 154 patients were included in the study. Results There were 79 (79%) male and 21 (21%) female patients with the average age of 33.7 ± 20.7 (1-83). Presentation of the patients was more frequent in the first 3 days of the week (Monday 20%; Tuesday 17%; and Wednesday 20%) and within working hours (8 a.m.-5 p.m., 71%). The most common injury type was penetrating injury (75%), which was mostly caused by sharp objects (metal objects 32% and broken glass 22.7%). The ocular trauma score (OTS) was significantly higher in patients with penetrating injury and intraocular foreign body injury (p < 0.001), and those results were correlated with better visual prognosis. The patients with penetrating injury among the injury types and zone I injury among the injury zones had the highest final visual acuity. Patients in the age group of 0-14 years had statistically better visual outcome when compared to those in the other age groups (p = 0.003). Conclusions The higher initial visual acuity and OTS, penetrating injury, zone I injury and pediatric age are good prognostic factors for OGI. Additionally, scheduling a prepared surgical team and tools in working hours will be beneficial according to the frequency of admissions.
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2022
Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of cold saline solution (0.9% NaCl) with topical opht... more Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of cold saline solution (0.9% NaCl) with topical ophthalmic proparacaine for maintaining topical anesthesia of patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery. Methods: The prospective, double-blinded, and randomized clinical study was randomly assigned to two groups that underwent phacoemulsification surgery due to cataracts. The cold saline group included 86 eyes of 86 patients with topical anesthesia of cold saline solution alone. The proparacaine group included 84 eyes of 84 patients with topical ophthalmic proparacaine (room temperature) anesthesia alone. The patients were scored according to a pain survey questionnaire of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranked between 0 and 10. The surgeon scored surgical experience by a Surgeon Questionnaire Scale (SQS) in three parameters, each of which was ranked from 1 to 3 based on questions regarding ease and comfort during the surgery. Results: The mean VAS scores were 1.29 ± 0.65 and 1.22 ± 0.66 for the cold saline and proparacaine groups, respectively (P = 0.182). The mean scores of SQS (lower values represented favorable results) were 4.11 ± 0.76 and 3.97 ± 0.74 in the cold saline and proparacaine groups, respectively (P = 0.163). Ten patients in the proparacaine group experienced corneal epitheliopathy in the postoperative period. Conclusion: As an easily accessible and cost-effective method, cold saline solution alone might be an alternative to topical ophthalmic proparacaine alone with comparable safe and effective results. The absence of allergic or toxic effects also provided a significant advantage in the cold saline application.
Background: To investigate the ocular findings and multimodal imaging characteristics of retiniti... more Background: To investigate the ocular findings and multimodal imaging characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients. Materials and Methods: Patients who were followed up in our clinic for RP were evaluated retrospectively between June 2014 and July 2017. Ophthalmological examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, and axial length (AL) measurements. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging properties of macular region were examined in detail. Results: In the study, 865 eyes of 446 RP patients were evaluated. In biomicroscopic examination, cataract surgery was performed in 23.6% of the eyes, and 29.1% of the eyes had posterior subcapsular cataract. In fundus examination, end-stage RP was detected in 67.4% of the eyes and severe macular atrophy in 9.8% of the eyes. The mean AL was 23±1.8 mm, the mean central macular thickness (CMT) was 136.6±87.1 um, and the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) was 178.3±89.1 um. There was a positive correlation between BCVA and CMT, SCT, external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone line integrity (p<0.001). Inner limiting membrane thickening and/or epiretinal membrane 47.7%, intraretinal hyperreflective foci 43.1%, micropseudocyst 15.8% and cystoid macular edema 6.5% were among the most commonly seen macular abnormalities detected in OCT. There was presence of a hyper-autofluorescent (AF) ring in 28.4%, abnormal hyper-AF patterns at the macula in 45.3%. There was a positive correlation between external limiting membrane-ellipsoid zone line integrity and the hyper-AF ring (p<0.001). Conclusion: Screening RP patients using OCT, FAF and biometry findings may be useful both for documenting of the disease and for selecting candidates for innovative treatment modalities like retinal prosthesis, stem cell therapy.
Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice, 2021
Aim and objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of XEN stent implantation in the inferonas... more Aim and objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of XEN stent implantation in the inferonasal quadrant after prior failed trabeculectomy. Materials and methods: Fourteen open-angle glaucoma patients with prior failed trabeculectomy were recruited to this retrospective study. Implantation of the stent was performed as a stand-alone procedure. The mean follow-up duration was 14.2 months. Best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, complications, and the requirement for additional procedures were among the outcome measures recorded. Results: Mean IOP reduced by 49.3% from 24.14 ± 2.74 mm Hg preoperatively to 12.23 ± 2.89 mm Hg at month 12 (p < 0.001). Medication usage reduced from 3.71 ± 0.47 medications preoperatively to 1.31 ± 1.55 at month 12 (p = 0.003). Adverse events included transient slight intracameral hemorrhage (5 eyes, 35.7%), second trabeculectomy required (2 eyes, 14.3%), and numerical hypotony (IOP <5 mm Hg, in 3 cases, 21.4%), all of which resolved spontaneously. Six eyes (42.8%) required postoperative bleb needling to further reduce IOP. There were no cases of vision loss, stent exposure, hypotony, lower eyelid malposition, bleb dysesthesia, or bleb-related infection. Conclusion: XEN gel stent implantation in the inferonasal quadrant can be considered a viable surgical option for patients with a history of previously failed trabeculectomy requiring further IOP lowering. Clinical significance: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series describing the outcome of inferonasal implantation of XEN gel stent following failed trabeculectomy.
Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
ABSTRACT Purpose Idiopathic and diabetic epiretinal membranes (ERM) are different in terms of pat... more ABSTRACT Purpose Idiopathic and diabetic epiretinal membranes (ERM) are different in terms of pathophysiology, etiology, and macular morphology, and thus might respond to surgical treatment differently. We aimed to compare the surgical results of two groups. Methods Retrospective case series study of 71 eyes of 66 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) due to idiopathic or diabetic ERM with at least 1-year follow-up. Examinations were performed before, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The average macular thicknesses in nine sectors described by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), and BCVA was evaluated. ERM recurrence rates were investigated. Results In both idiopathic and diabetic groups, retinal thickness (RT) changes occurred as long as 12 months after vitrectomy surgery for ERM. However, in the idiopathic group, significant changes were mainly seen in the first 6 months, while in the diabetic group changes slowed considerably between the third and sixth months, but again accelerated (becoming significant) during the last 6 months. Conclusions According to the findings of this study, as compared to those with idiopathic ERM, diabetic patients would likely see continuing benefits from ERM surgery 6 to 12 months post surgery. The BCVA changes of the two groups were similar. ILM peeling decreased ERM recurrence in the idiopathic group but not in the diabetic group.
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2020
Background The aim of the study was to investigate whether retinal neurovascular structural impai... more Background The aim of the study was to investigate whether retinal neurovascular structural impairment in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) could be detected early via optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Methods In the current prospective, cross-sectional, observational clinical study children and adolescents with T1D without DR were evaluated between December 2018 and May 2019. Retinal neurovascular structures in the macular and optic disc regions were examined in detail and quantitatively assessed using OCT and OCTA. Data from subjects with T1D were compared with data from healthy controls. Whether retinal neurovascular structural changes were significantly associated with puberty stage, diabetes duration, and HbA1c level was also investigated. Results The T1D group included 110 eyes and the control group included 84 eyes. In the T1D group the mean inside disc vessel density (VD) was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.001), as was the mean superior temporal disc VD (p < 0.043). Puberty stage was significantly associated with retinal thickness, parafoveal superficial capillary plexus VD, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (p < 0.05). Diabetes duration and HbA1c level was significantly correlated with retinal layer thickness, foveal avascular zone diameter, and superficial and deep capillary plexus VDs. Conclusion In children and adolescents with T1D without clinical signs of DR, the VD of the disc region is affected earlier than the macular region. In these patients, early neurovascular impairment can be detected non-invasively via OCT and OCTA.
SiSli Etfal Hastanesi Tip Bulteni / The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Hospital, 2020
In the current study, we aimed to investigate retinal vascular density and blood flow changes in ... more In the current study, we aimed to investigate retinal vascular density and blood flow changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) (AngioVue Avanti, Optovue). Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 patients with COPD and 30 eyes of 30 healthy controls were evaluated with OCTA. Foveal and parafoveal vessel density, inner retinal and choriocapillary flow area, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were measured and compared between the groups. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the outer retinal flow area and choriocapillary flow area measurements between the groups (p=0.609 and p=0.162, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in FAZ and FAZ perimeter values between the groups (p=0.725 and p=0.820, respectively). Vascular density measurements in the superficial foveal and parafoveal areas were not statistically significantly different between the groups (p>0.05, for all). Deep parafoveal vascular density values of the COPD group were statistically significantly lower than the control group in all investigated areas except the superior and inferior quadrants. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated for the first time that vascular density decreased in the parafoveal area due to COPD-related hypoxemia and endothelial dysfunction.
Medicine Science | International Medical Journal, 2019
A 59-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus and bilateral primary open angle glaucoma ... more A 59-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus and bilateral primary open angle glaucoma was referred to our clinic due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye. On examination, the visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes and IOP was measured 22 mmHg in his right eye and 14 mmHg in his left eye despite maximal medical treatment. The patient had undergone two trabeculectomy and an EXPress shunt surgery in the right eye previously. XEN gel stent (Allergan, Dublin, CA) implanted in the inferonasal quadrant due to the scarring in superior and nasal conjunctiva as a result of failed surgeries. The patient was followed up for 18 months with an IOP under 10 mmHg without any medication or a second intervention. XEN stent implantation may be considered as an effective option where other surgical techniques failed, and the conjunctiva is unsuitable in the superior quadrant.
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2020
Purpose: To investigate whether impaired lacrimal pump function is a possible cause of discharge ... more Purpose: To investigate whether impaired lacrimal pump function is a possible cause of discharge in patients wearing an artificial eye compared with the remaining healthy eye. Methods: Consecutive patients wearing unilateral ocular prosthesis for !6 months were included in this retrospective study. Excluded were any deformities of eyelids or nasal passage, socket complications such as entropion, ectropion, ptosis, infection, pyogenic granuloma, contracted socket, obstruction of nasolacrimal duct diagnosed with lacrimal irrigation and a difference greater than 2 mm in terms of protrusion between two eyes detected by Hertel exophthalmometry. Patients were asked to score the levels of tearing and mucopurulent discharge between 0 and 5 to assess lacrimal drainage function subjectively. Furthermore, dacryoscintigraphy was performed to assess the functional status of the lacrimal system objectively. Results: Included were 32 subjects (12 females, 20 males; aged 32.94 AE 17.62, range 13-78). Mean duration of prosthetic wearing 26.41 AE 21.30 (6-72) months. The mean subjective scores of tearing and mucopurulent discharge were 1.56 AE 1.67 and 1.94 AE 1.63, respectively. The rate of functional stenosis was significantly higher in the anophthalmic socket side as compared to the healthy side (P ¼ 0.002). The rates of a presac, preduct, and intraduct obstruction was notes as n ¼ 9, n ¼ 10, n ¼ 1 and n ¼ 0, n ¼ 6, n ¼ 2 in the anophthalmic side and the companion eye, respectively (P ¼ 0.021). Conclusion: Compared to paired healthy eyes, the ocular prosthesis exhibited significantly higher rates of functional lacrimal duct obstruction, especially at the presac level. The alterations in orbital volume and tear film composition in addition to reduced corneal reflex blinking may lead to the failure of lacrimal pump function in artificial eyes.
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Retina-Vitreous, 2020
To assess and compare the results of surgical and non-surgical approaches in patients with vitreo... more To assess and compare the results of surgical and non-surgical approaches in patients with vitreous hemorrhage during the follow-up period. Materials and Methods: The patients with vitreous hemorrhage were divided into 2 groups: those who did not undergo vitreoretinal surgery (Group 1) and those who underwent surgery (Group 2). A detailed ophthalmic examination was performed, including an assessment of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure, as well as anterior segment and fundus biomicroscopic examination. The patients demographic information, the causes of vitreous hemorrhage, the length of the follow-up period (months) and visual acuity at the fi rst and last visits were examined for statistical analyses. Results: The mean age was 58 ± 12 and 59 ± 12 years while number of eyes included was 140 and 52 and mean follow-up period was 3.5 ± 6.1 and 11.4 ± 13.3 months in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. In Group 1, BCVA was 0.690 ± 0.55 logMAR at baseline and 0.55 ± 0.49 logMAR (p = 0.024) at the fi nal visit. In Group 2, BCVA was 1.17 ± 0.88 logMAR at baseline and 0.62 ± 0.51 logMAR in the postoperative period (p = 0.001). The most commonly observed causes of vitreous hemorrhage were diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears, retinal vein occlusion and posterior vitreous detachment. Conclusion: A signifi cant increase in BCVA was observed during the follow-up period of groups treated for vitreous hemorrhage in surgical and non-surgical manner. The increase was greater in patients underwent surgical intervention.
SiSli Etfal Hastanesi Tip Bulteni / The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Hospital, 2018
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the treatment modalities applied for retinopathy of prema... more Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the treatment modalities applied for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to determine the efficacy and results of treatment modalities. Methods: Premature babies, who needed treatment for ROP and followed-up in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of our hospital or external centers, were retrospectively evaluated between January 2012 and January 2017. According to the criteria determined by the International ROP committee, the zones and stages of the cases were recorded. In this study, patients were evaluated in three groups. Group 1: plus disease with any stage in zone 1, group 2: plus disease in zone 2, together with stage 2 or 3, group 3: classified as aggressive posterior retinopathy (APROP). The birth weight, gestational age, treatment weeks and treatments that were administered were recorded. Regression in plus disease, macular dragging and retinal detachment did not develop were evaluated as successful treatment. Results: 1746 preterm babies were examined. 65 (3.7%) preterm babies were included in this study, 31 female and 34 male. 126 eyes of preterm babies were intervened. The mean birth weight was 1159 (535-2200) grams, and the mean gestational age was 28.4±2.5 (24-34) weeks. Group 1 had 33 eyes (26.1%), group 2 had 71 eyes (56.3%), and group 3 had 22 eyes (17.4%). 94 eyes (74.6%) were treated once, 26 eyes (20.6%) were treated twice, 6 eyes (4.8%) received treatment three times. The first treatment was applied at 36±2.4 (32-41) weeks. The first treatment was performed with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in 75.8% of group 1 and 95.5% of group 3, and with diode laser photocoagulation (LPC) in 78.9% of group 2. There was a significant correlation between birth week and birth weight and first treatment week. Re-treatment was applied to 32,8% in LPC group and 19.2% in the IVB group due to recurrence. 5 eyes which were applied LPC+IVB did not need any re-treatment. Stage 4a retinal detachment developed in both eyes of 1 patient from group 1. Macular traction was developed in 2 eyes of 1 patient in group 2. After the treatments, success in 122 eyes (96.8%) was obtained. Conclusion: ROP can be controlled by convenient and effective treatment. Although conventional LPC is still the first treatment option for ROP, IVB alone or combination with LPC is a highly effective treatment option for zone 1 disease and APROP. IVB reduces the number of ROP treatments.
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia, 2020
To identify problems caused by prosthesis-socket volume imbalances in anophthalmic sockets; and t... more To identify problems caused by prosthesis-socket volume imbalances in anophthalmic sockets; and to evaluate rehabilitation with dermofat graft as a solution. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients operated in our clinic (between May 2011 and June 2016) with dermofat grafts to treat anophthalmic socket-related problems. During the preoperative examinations, ophthalmologists recorded the presence of eyelid problems due to the socket volume deficit, upper and lower fornix deficiency, deepening in the upper eyelid sulcus, epiphora and secretion, lower eyelid laxity, ptosis, entropion, and ectropion. Following the surgical repair, new prosthesis suitable for the resulting socket area were implemented for all the patients. The mean follow-up period was 27.42±16 months (ranging from 10-62 months). On the last control examinations, ophthalmologists recorded solved and unsolved socket problems that were present preoperatively. Results: We included 16 men and 5 women in this study. The mean age was 38.3 ± 18.4 years (range, 5-75 years). The mean duration of preoperative prosthesis use was 9.4 ± 6.8 years (range, 1-30 years). Preoperatively, 7 patients had only orbital volume deficits, and 14 had socket volume displacements in addition to the volume deficits. After the dermofat graft implantations, the remaining deficits were corrected during another surgical session: 6 patients underwent ptosis corrections, 5 lateral canthal suspensions, 5 lower fornix with mucosal graft formations, and 2 upper fornix formations with mucosal grafts. All patients were able to use prosthesis postoperatively. Conclusion: The use of dermofat grafts to correct anophthalmic socket problems caused by orbital volume deficits or volume displacements is an effective, reliable, and reproducible surgical method.
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019
A 24-years-old male patient presented with complaints of right sided foreign body ingrowth. On th... more A 24-years-old male patient presented with complaints of right sided foreign body ingrowth. On the ophthalmologic examination, a hard, immobile foreign body was detected with palpation in the middle of the lower eyelid had medial incision about 1 cm. Vertical gaze limitation was detected particularly in the inferior view of the patient with marked edema and echymosis in the lower lid. Computer tomography revealed a millimeterthickness foreign body material of 65 millimeters in lenght in tubular structures extending from the right orbital floor to the intersphenoid septum by penetrating the anterior wall of medial ethmoid and sphenoid sinus.
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2019
PURPOSE To compare the results of 3 evisceration techniques involving placement of an acrylic imp... more PURPOSE To compare the results of 3 evisceration techniques involving placement of an acrylic implant within the scleral shell without posterior sclerotomy (Group 1), posterior sclerotomy with placement of a porous implant within the intraconal space (Group 2) and posterior sclerotomy with placement of a acrylic implant within the intraconal space (Group 3) with respect to ocular mobility, implant complications and patient satisfaction. METHODS Single-center, retrospective, interventional case series. A chart review of 72 patients undergoing evisceration between February 2013 and January 2018 was carried out. Thirty-five patients met the inclusion criteria having a normal or near normal size eye and at least 6 months follow-up. The horizontal movements of the implant and the artificial eye was measured by using a ruler. Data analyses were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test for 2 independent samples. RESULTS Neither infection nor prolapse of the implant had occurred in any of the patients. The mean implant sizes were 18 mm in Group 1, 20 mm in Group 2 and 20 mm in Group 3. Statistically, a significant difference was assessed between Group 1 and Group 2 in both nasal and temporal movement of the socket; nasal and temporal movement of the prosthesis. Statistically, a significant difference was assessed between Group 1 and Group 3 in both nasal and temporal movement of the socket; nasal and temporal movement of the prosthesis. However, there was no statistically significant difference between Group 2 and Group 3 in neither nasal and temporal movement of the socket nor nasal and temporal movement of the artificial eye. CONCLUSION Group 1 showed the significantly better movement of both prosthesis and socket in adduction and abduction than Group 2 and 3. The likely explanation of for this may be that preserving the scleral shell integrity allows more efficient transmission of muscle contraction to the socket and prosthesis.
European Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019
Purpose: To evaluate the ophthalmic, systemic, and genetic characteristics of patients with Wolfr... more Purpose: To evaluate the ophthalmic, systemic, and genetic characteristics of patients with Wolfram syndrome. Methods: In total, 13 patients with suspected or clinically diagnosed Wolfram syndrome underwent ophthalmic and systemic examinations and genetic analyses for Wolfram syndrome between August and October 2018. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 24.2 ± 7.1 years, of which 5 (38.5%) subjects were male and 8 (61.5%) were female. The mean best-corrected visual acuity ranged from counting fingers to 20/40, with a mean of 20/250 (1.10 ± 0.69 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution). Dyschromatopsia was present in all patients (100%). There was a severe decrease in the average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thicknesses (54.7 ± 6.5 and 51.9 ± 4.8 µm, respectively). Optical coherence tomography angiography showed significantly lower whole-image, inside disk, and peripapillary vessel densities in the patients with Wol...
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2019
The aim of this retrospective, nonrandomized, observational clinical study was to evaluate the sc... more The aim of this retrospective, nonrandomized, observational clinical study was to evaluate the screening results for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) of late-preterm infants born at 32-35 weeks gestational age (GA). Methods Retinopathy screening data of late-preterm infants were evaluated between January 2015 and September 2018. The zones and stages of ROP development were classified according to the International ROP Committee criteria. Patients were categorized into four groups according to GA: 32 < 33 weeks GA, 33 < 34 weeks GA, 34 < 35 weeks GA, and 35 < 36 weeks GA. The rates of development of any stage of ROP or severe ROP (requiring treatment) were recorded. Results The study included 543 infants: 139 (25.4%) in 32 < 33 weeks GA, 127 (23.6%) in 33 < 34 weeks GA, 162 (30.2%) in 34 < 35 weeks GA, and 115 (20.8%) in 35 < 36 weeks GA. Different stages of ROP developed in 29 infants (20.9%) in 32 < 33 weeks GA, 19 infants (15%) in 33 < 34 weeks GA, 17 infants (10.5%) in 34 < 35 weeks GA, and 6 infants (5.2%) in 35 < 36 weeks GA. Treatment was required for 14 infants (2.6%) due to severe ROP: 7 (5%) in 32 < 33 weeks GA, 3 (2.4%) in 33 < 34 weeks GA, and 4 (2.5%) in 34 < 35 weeks GA. No treatment was required in 35 < 36 weeks GA. Conclusion Late-preterm infants must be screened for ROP, especially those born in developing countries. Although rates of ROP development decrease as GA increases, infants born at 34 weeks of GA or younger, regardless of birth weight, should be examined at least once for ROP.
European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2018
Purpose To evaluate the demographic characteristics and visual outcomes of patients with open glo... more Purpose To evaluate the demographic characteristics and visual outcomes of patients with open globe injury (OGI) in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods The data of patients admitted with OGI to Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey from January 2012 to December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively, and 100 of the 154 patients were included in the study. Results There were 79 (79%) male and 21 (21%) female patients with the average age of 33.7 ± 20.7 (1-83). Presentation of the patients was more frequent in the first 3 days of the week (Monday 20%; Tuesday 17%; and Wednesday 20%) and within working hours (8 a.m.-5 p.m., 71%). The most common injury type was penetrating injury (75%), which was mostly caused by sharp objects (metal objects 32% and broken glass 22.7%). The ocular trauma score (OTS) was significantly higher in patients with penetrating injury and intraocular foreign body injury (p < 0.001), and those results were correlated with better visual prognosis. The patients with penetrating injury among the injury types and zone I injury among the injury zones had the highest final visual acuity. Patients in the age group of 0-14 years had statistically better visual outcome when compared to those in the other age groups (p = 0.003). Conclusions The higher initial visual acuity and OTS, penetrating injury, zone I injury and pediatric age are good prognostic factors for OGI. Additionally, scheduling a prepared surgical team and tools in working hours will be beneficial according to the frequency of admissions.