Minoru Murata - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Minoru Murata

Plant and Cell Physiology, 2001

Genes to Cells, 2002

Background : A leaf-variegated mutation var1 of Arabidopsis results in the development of abnorma... more Background : A leaf-variegated mutation var1 of Arabidopsis results in the development of abnormal plastids and the formation of a green/white sector. Genetic analysis of the var1 mutant indicated that it acts synergistically with another mutation var2 , suggesting that the two genes are relevant. The VAR2 locus has been shown to encode a chloroplastic FtsH, an ATP-dependent protease which is possibly involved in the degradation of thylakoid proteins and plastid development. Results : In this study we show that the VAR1 locus encodes a chloroplastic FtsH protein homologous to VAR2. VAR1 contains a conserved motif for ATPase and a metalloprotease characteristic to FtsH proteins , and is targeted into chloroplasts. A VAR1fusion protein synthesized in vitro exhibited ATPase activity and partial metalloprotease activity. The maximum yield of photochemistry, measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, showed that the var1 mutants were sensitive to photoinhibitory light exposure at 800 µ µ µ µ mol/m 2 /s. Conclusion : VAR1 and VAR2 comprise an FtsH small gene family together with other FtsH genes in Arabidopsis. VAR1 as well as VAR2 may play an important role in degrading photodamaged subunits in photosystem II. Loss of VAR1 and VAR2 perhaps impairs the photoprotection mechanism and thylakoid development, causing leaf variegation as a consequence.

Methods in Molecular Biology, 2016

Insertion mutagenesis using known DNA sequences such as T-DNA and transposons is an important too... more Insertion mutagenesis using known DNA sequences such as T-DNA and transposons is an important tool for studies on gene function in plant sciences. The transposons Activator (Ac)/Dissociation (Ds) have been systematically used to manipulate plant chromosomes. For both of these applications, the recovery of genomic DNA sequences flanking the insertions is required to estimate the sizes and/or scales of the reconstituted chromosomes. In this chapter, we describe the protocols for thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) for isolation of genomic sequences flanking DNA inserts in plant genomes.

Botanical Gazette, 1980

... MINORU MURATA,* ERIC E. ROOS,t AND TAKUMI TSUCHIYA* *Department of Agronomy and tNational See... more ... MINORU MURATA,* ERIC E. ROOS,t AND TAKUMI TSUCHIYA* *Department of Agronomy and tNational Seed Storage Laboratory, USDA ... ASHTON (1956), D'AMATo and HOFFMANN-OSTENHOF (1956), BARTON (1961), and ROBERTS (1972) have reviewed extensively the ...

Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 1987

In order to know the genetic differences of de-and redifferentiation capacities, seven Brassica s... more In order to know the genetic differences of de-and redifferentiation capacities, seven Brassica species (B. campestris, B. nigra, B. oleracea, B. hirta, B. carinata, B. juncea and B. napus) were cultured in vitro, and their response to the medium supplemented with various combinations of auxin and cytokinin hormones was compared. Important factors for callus initiation were shown to be auxin and species. Calli were induced most frequently in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0mg/1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), whereas c~-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) induced preferentially roots at a concentration of 2 to 5 mg/1. Callus-, root-and shoot-forming capacities from explanted cotyledon tissues were significantly different among the seven Brassica species. Calli derived from cotyledons and hypocotyls of seven species were transferred to MS media with 20 g/1 sucrose, 0 to 0.1 mg/1 NAA and 0 to 4 mg/1 kinetin to compare their regeneration capacities. Among the seven species tested, B. napus (2n = 4x = 38, genome AACC) had the highest shoot forming capacity (20.0%). Other amphiploid species, B. carinata (2n = 4x = 34, BBCC) and B. juncea (2n = 4x = 36, AABB) formed shoots at low frequencies (2.8% and 1.2%, respectively). A diploid species, B. oleracea (2n = 2x 18, CC) also showed high shoot formation (10.2% on average). This result suggests that the gene(s) controlling shoot formation may be localized in the C genome. Differences were also found among varieties and cultivars within a species. One of the cultivars, Siberian kale (B. oleraeea var. acephala) gave about 50% shoot formation. This kale was shown cytologically to be an autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 36, CCCC), thus probably possessing a double set of the shoot-forming gene(s).

The Japanese Journal of Genetics, 1976

J Integr Plant Biol, 2008

The cytological instability of common wheat-rye addition lines was investigated in the present st... more The cytological instability of common wheat-rye addition lines was investigated in the present study. The chromosome numbers of almost all addition lines were considerably stable, but those of CS + 5R were very variable. The rye chromosome added in this line was found to be much shorter than expected. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with 5S rDNA and the centromere-specific probes clearly revealed that the short rye chromosome contains only a short arm of chromosome 5R (5RS). In this line, chromosome numbers of both 5RS and common wheat were changeable. The chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 36 to 2n = 44 in the cells carrying two 5RS, and ranged from 2n = 31 to 2n = 44 in one 5RS cells. In addition to the chromosome instability, the multicells wrapped in a sac-like structure were frequently observed in the root meristematic tissues of CS + 5RS after the enzyme treatment for chromosome preparation. Genomic in situ hybridization with rye DNA as a probe showed that all cells in sacs investigated were at the interphase stage and contained one or two 5RS chromosomes. An electron microscopic analysis revealed that the cells of CS + 5RS, particularly in sacs, have abnormal (irregular and curved) cell walls. These results indicate that 5RS has (a) specific factor(s) influencing the cell wall development as well as the genome stability.

Pl Mol Biol Rep, 2000

Libraries of plasmid clones covering the entire chloroplast (cp) genome of the common wheat, Trit... more Libraries of plasmid clones covering the entire chloroplast (cp) genome of the common wheat, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring were constructed and assembled into contig-clones. From these, we obtained the complete nucleotide sequence of wheat chloroplast DNA-a 134,540 bp circular DNA (DDBJ accession no. AB042240) containing four species of ribosomal RNA, 30 genes for 20 species of transfer RNA, and 71 protein coding genes. Additionally, we detected five unidentified open reading frames conserved among grasses. Plasmid clones are available on request.

Chromosome Research an International Journal on the Molecular Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology, Aug 21, 2009

Centromeres play an important role in chromosome transmission in eukaryotes and comprise specific... more Centromeres play an important role in chromosome transmission in eukaryotes and comprise specific DNA and proteins that form complexes called kinetochores. In tobacco, although a centromerespecific histone H3 (NtCENH3) and centromeric DNA sequence (Nt2-7) have been identified, no other kinetochore components have been determined. In this study, we isolated and characterized cDNAs encoding two centromeric proteins CENP-C and MIS12 from Nicotiana tabaccum. Two CENP-C homologues, NtCENP-C-1 and-2, isolated from N. tabaccum were similar to CENP-C from N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis, respectively. Similarly, two Mis12 homologues, NtMIS12-1 and-2, in N. tabaccum were shown to originate from N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis, respectively. Both respective homologues for CENP-C and Mis12 were expressed at the same level. This indicates that in a tetraploid species, N. tabaccum, two ancestral genes encoding the centromeric proteins participate equally in the functioning of centromeres. Keywords centromere. tobacco. Nicotiana. CENP-C. MIS12 Abbreviations AtCENP-C centromeric protein C of Arabidopsis thaliana CAPS cleaved amplified polymorphic DNA sequence DAPI 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole EST expressed sequence tag GFP green fluorescent protein MIS12 mini chromosome instability mutant 12 ORF open reading frame PBS phosphate-buffered saline PCR polymerase chain reaction PHEMES PIPES (Piperazine-1,4-bis (2-ethanesulfonic acid)), HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), EGTA (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid), MgCl2, sorbitol RACE rapid amplification of cDNA ends RT-PCR reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction T-DNA transfer DNA

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 1981

In order to study the genetic changes which occur during seed storage, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.... more In order to study the genetic changes which occur during seed storage, barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Himalaya') seeds were subjected to artificial aging using six combinations of temperature (21 °C, 32 °C, and 38 °C) and seed moisture content (12% and 18%). With increasing time in storage, germination of the seeds was delayed and reduced. Abnormal seedlings without roots also occurred with increased storage. Higher temperature and seed moisture content induced rapid loss of germinability. At the first mitotic division in the root tips, the frequency of aberrant anaphases and of roots with aberrations increased with increased storage time. The frequencies of aberrant anaphases and of roots with aberrations were also increased by higher temperature and seed moisture content. Frequencies of aberrant anaphases and of roots with aberrations were negatively correlated with germination percentage. This indicated that the frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced by seed aging migh...

Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology, 2014

Minichromosomes have been extensively used as tools for revealing the functional structures of eu... more Minichromosomes have been extensively used as tools for revealing the functional structures of eukaryotic chromosomes. However, the definition of a minichromosome is still ambiguous. Based on previous reports on various eukaryotes, minichromosomes are defined here to be chromosomes that are smaller than one third the size of the smallest chromosome in the given species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, therefore, chromosomes <8.5 Mb in length are classified as minichromosomes, although to date only six different minichromosomes have been found or created, probably due to their extremely small sizes that limit detection. Minichromosomes vary from 1.7 to 8.4 Mb in length and are much shorter than authentic chromosomes (25.3 to 38.0 Mb). Linear and circular minichromosomes have been identified, and both types are maintained as experimental lines. Most of the circular, ring-shaped minichromosomes in Arabidopsis are relatively stable at mitosis and transmissible to the next generation, regard...

Genetics, 2003

From a wild diploid species that is a relative of wheat, Aegilops speltoides, a 301-bp repeat con... more From a wild diploid species that is a relative of wheat, Aegilops speltoides, a 301-bp repeat containing 16 copies of a CAA microsatellite was isolated. Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that approximately 250 bp of the sequence is tandemly arrayed at the centromere regions of A- and B-genome chromosomes of common wheat and rye chromosomes. Although the DNA sequence of this 250-bp repeat showed no notable homology in the databases, the flanking or intervening sequences between the repeats showed high homologies (>82%) to two separate sequences of the gag gene and its upstream region in cereba, a Ty3/gypsy-like retroelement of Hordeum vulgare. Since the amino acid sequence deduced from the 250 bp with seven CAAs showed some similarity ( approximately 53%) to that of the gag gene, we concluded that the 250-bp repeats had also originated from the cereba-like retroelements in diploid wheat such as Ae. speltoides and had formed tandem arrays, whereas the 30...

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1989

In order to know the mutagenic effects of synthetic auxins (NAA, 2,4-D, and 2,4,5-T) and a cytoki... more In order to know the mutagenic effects of synthetic auxins (NAA, 2,4-D, and 2,4,5-T) and a cytokinin (kinetin) in vitro, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were analyzed in cultured cells of a hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D, the mean number of SCEs per cell was 15.2, and per pg of DNA, 0.42. No significant effect was found in the treatments of NAA or 2,4-D at concentrations of 0.5-10.0 mg/l, whereas more than 2.0 mg/l of 2,4,5-T induced dramatic increases of SCEs. Kinetin itself had no significant effect on SCE induction, but there was a tendency that SCEs induced by 2,4,5-T were suppressed by kinetin.

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2008

The Japanese Journal of Genetics, 1992

Current Genomics, 2002

ABSTRACT

Chromosoma, 1992

The origin and molecular structure of the midget chromosome that is retained in a common wheat wi... more The origin and molecular structure of the midget chromosome that is retained in a common wheat with rye cytoplasm, were studied by using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH with biotinylated rye genomic DNA as a probe clearly showed that the midget chromosome had originated from certain part(s) of rye chromosome(s). The midget chromosome did not possess sequences similar to wheat rDNA nor to a rye telomeric sequence with a 350 bp repeat unit. However, another repetitive sequence (120 bp family) of rye was found to occur at one end of the midget chromosome. The telomeric repeat sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana cross-hybridized to both ends of the midget chromosome as well as to wheat chromosomes. From the results obtained in this and previous studies, it is assumed that the midget chromosome originated from part of a rye chromosome, most likely the centromeric region of chromosome 1R, and that the telomeric sequences were synthesized de novo.