Muriel Quinet - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muriel Quinet

Frontiers in Horticulture

IntroductionSoil salinization is a major global problem. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of ... more IntroductionSoil salinization is a major global problem. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the main crops produced in the world and is cultivated in areas affected by salinity. However, it is considered as a glycophyte species and is sensitive to salt stress. Solanum chilense is a wild tomato native to the Atacama Desert and is therefore adapted to harsh environmental conditions, including salinity. It is considered as a promising source of genes for tomato improvement. However, the physiology of abiotic stress resistance remains largely unknown in S. chilense and no studies have investigated the resistance of S. lycopersicum x S. chilense interspecific hybrids and the potential value of their use in harsh environments.MethodsIn this study, we compared the salt (0 vs. 100 mM NaCl) resistance of S. lycopersicum, S. chilense and their hybrids at vegetative and reproductive stages.ResultsOverall, hybrids showed an intermediate behavior between their parents and a higher salt resi...

Les sécheresses et les vagues de chaleur sont de plus en plus fréquentes durant ces saisons, qui ... more Les sécheresses et les vagues de chaleur sont de plus en plus fréquentes durant ces saisons, qui sont cruciales pour les plantes. En pleine période de croissance et de reproduction, celles-ci subissent ou tolèrent plus ou moins bien ces conditions météorologiques. mais que la plante doit en plus attirer des insectes pour sa pollinisation, cela se complique

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the second most highly produced vegetable crop worldwide and unf... more Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the second most highly produced vegetable crop worldwide and unfavourable environmental conditions such as drought and high temperatures significantly limit plant growth and productivity in this species. Plant breeding is still needed to develop resistant cultivars and the elucidation of tolerance strategies in wild relatives is a powerful approach to understand local adaptations for potential crop improvement. Solanum chilense is able to cope with harsh environment in its area of origin and could represent an abundance of genetic diversity for tomato improvement. However, physiological basis of stress tolerance in Solanum chilense has received only minor attention until now. The aim of our research is to study the changes mediated by drought and heat acclimation in Solanum chilense in order to highlight morphological and physiological basis of drought and heat tolerance in this species. Six populations of Solanum chilense belonging to different phyl...

Chicory is a biennial plant with a need of vernalization for flowering initiation. In previous ex... more Chicory is a biennial plant with a need of vernalization for flowering initiation. In previous experiments, we have shown that high temperature (> 35°C) could also induce bolting independently of vernalization (Mathieu et al., 2013). So the aim of our experiment was to compare the induction of flowering by high temperatures and vernalization and to analyze the resulting inflorescence and flower development. Two temperature regimes (17°C vs. 35°C) were combined with two vernalization treatments (vernalized vs. no-vernalized). The seedlings of root chicory cv. Melci were vernalized during 6 weeks at 4°C or not. After 3 weeks at 17°C (for the no-vernalized plants) or 1 week at 17°C (for the vernalized plants), the plants were exposed to high temperature (35°C for the high temperature condition or 17°C for control condition) for 14 weeks. The rate of bolting was followed during the growing period and 11 weeks after the start of the treatment, the number of nodes on the floral stem, the number of flowers per inflorescence, the number of pollen grain per flower, the flower pollen viability and the stigma receptivity were measured. The dry weight of the floral stem was also quantified at the end of the experiment. High temperature increased the flowering rate in non-vernalized plants (25% vs. 0%) while it decreased it in vernalized plants (35% vs. 100%). High temperature also induced a loss of apical dominance. The number of flowers per inflorescence and the number of nodes on the floral stem were similar whatever the treatment. However, in both vernalized and no vernalized plants, high temperature decreased the weight of the floral stem, the number of pollen grains per flower, the pollen viability and the stigma receptivity compared to vernalized plants in control conditions. Since ethylene can substitute the need of vernalization to induce flowering in chicory (Joseph et al., 1985), we also investigated the ethylene production in vernalized and no-vernalized seedlings exposed to high temperature. So, we show an increase of ethylene production in no-vernalized plants exposed to high temperatures compare to vernalized plants. Our results show that high temperature induces flowering independently of vernalization and reduces the flowering induction due to vernalization in root chicory. High temperature had a negative impact on the subsequent development of the reproductive system

The Pear Genome, 2019

Pear belongs to the Rosaceae family as most of the cultivated fruit trees. It is the second fruit... more Pear belongs to the Rosaceae family as most of the cultivated fruit trees. It is the second fruit tree crop in terms of production after apple. Its production has increased these last decades to reach a world production of more than 27 megatons for almost 1,600,000 ha. Pears have been cultivated in Europe and in Asia for more than 5000 years. Of all known and reported pear species and interspecific hybrids, five are mainly cultivated. These include the European pear, Pyrus communis, and the Asian pears P. pyrifolia, P. × bretschneideri, P. ussuriensis, and P. sinkiangensis. Fruits of European pears are elongated and have a full-bodied texture, while those of Asian pears are round and have a sandy texture. The Pyrus genus belongs to the Amygdaloideae subfamily and the Malinae tribe and consists of about 75–80 species and interspecific hybrid species. As several hybridizations are observed among Pyrus species, this renders the distinction among some pear species rather difficult. The origin of the Pyrus genus dates back to the Oligocene epoch, about 33.35–25.23 Mya. It is a genus of mainly deciduous trees and shrubs spread throughout temperate Eurasia, reaching the Atlas Mountains in North Africa and extending to Japan and South China. Pyrus species produce generally simple leaves alternately arranged. Leaves are glossy green on some species, densely silvery hairy in some others. Pyrus flowers are white, borne in corymbs on short spurs or lateral branchlets and are composed of five sepals, five petals, numerous stamens, and usually a five-locular ovary with free styles. The Pyrus fruit is a pseudo-fruit composed of the receptacle or the calyx tube, greatly dilated, enclosing the true fruit, and consisting of five cartilaginous carpels, known as the core. Morphological characters of the leaf, fruit, and calyx are commonly used to differentiate among Pyrus species. There are thousands of pear cultivars over the world with wide diversity for fruit shape, taste, and texture. In this chapter, we have focused on the description of cultivated Pyrus species and on some of the main cultivated cultivars.

Plants

The use of orphan crops could mitigate the effects of climate change and improve the quality of f... more The use of orphan crops could mitigate the effects of climate change and improve the quality of food security. We compared the effects of drought, high temperature, and their combination in 12 varieties of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Plants were grown at 21/19 °C or 28/26 °C under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Plants were more discriminated according to environmental conditions than variety, with the exception of Islek that was smaller and produced fewer leaves, inflorescences, and seeds than the other varieties. The combination of high temperature and water stress had a stronger negative impact than each stress applied separately. The temperature increase stimulated leaf and flower production while water stress decreased plant height. Leaf area decreased with both temperature and water stress. High temperature hastened the seed initiation but negatively affected seed development such that almost all seeds aborted at 28 °C. At 21 °C, water stress significa...

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021

Currently, seed priming is reported as an efficient and low-cost approach to increase crop yield,... more Currently, seed priming is reported as an efficient and low-cost approach to increase crop yield, which could not only promote seed germination and improve plant growth state but also increase abiotic stress tolerance. Salinity represents one of the most significant abiotic stresses that alters multiple processes in plants. The accumulation of polyamines (PAs) in response to salt stress is one of the most remarkable plant metabolic responses. This paper examined the effect of osmopriming on endogenous polyamine metabolism at the germination and early seedling development of Brassica napus in relation to salinity tolerance. Free, conjugated and bound polyamines were analyzed, and changes in their accumulation were discussed with literature data. The most remarkable differences between the corresponding osmoprimed and unprimed seeds were visible in the free (spermine) and conjugated (putrescine, spermidine) fractions. The arginine decarboxylase pathway seems to be responsible for the ...

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019

Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2016

Bumblebees are the predominant wild pollinators for many plant species in temperate regions. A bu... more Bumblebees are the predominant wild pollinators for many plant species in temperate regions. A bumblebee colony requires pollen and nectar throughout its lifetime, but degraded and fragmented habitats may have gaps in the temporal and spatial continuity of floral resources. Heathlands are open biotopes that provide favourable habitat for bumblebees like Bombus jonellus, a declining species in Belgium. In heathlands, ericaceous species are the main plants that provide pollen and nectar for bumblebees. Although the nectar composition of ericaceous species has been previously studied, data on pollen composition remain scarce. We examined bumblebee diets (composition of their pollen loads) in Belgian heathlands over the course of a colony lifetime to assess the fidelity of bumblebees for ericaceous species. We compared nutritional values by investigating the chemical composition (amino acids, polypeptides and sterols) of the pollen of the ericaceous and dominant non‐ericaceous species present in pollen loads. No relationship was detected between the abundance of a particular plant species in bumblebee loads and its pollen composition. The successive flowering periods and the nutritional quality of pollen of ericaceous species offer valuable resources for bumblebees. Ericaceous species represent a large part of bumblebee diets in heathlands, especially in early spring and late summer when the diversity of other flowering species was low. Bumblebee pollen loads also contained non‐ericaceous flowering species that grow outside heathlands. Thus, land planning must incorporate conservation strategies for the different elements of the landscape matrix, including heathlands, peatlands, meadows and margins.

doi:10.1093/jxb/ert148 This paper is available online free of all access charges (see

Plants, 2022

Salinity is a growing global concern that affects the yield of crop species, including tomato (So... more Salinity is a growing global concern that affects the yield of crop species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Its wild relative Solanum chilense was reported to have halophyte properties. We compared salt resistance of both species during the reproductive phase, with a special focus on sodium localization in the flowers. Plants were exposed to NaCl from the seedling stage. Salinity decreased the number of inflorescences in both species but the number of flowers per inflorescence and sepal length only in S. lycopersicum. External salt supply decreased the stamen length in S. chilense, and it was associated with a decrease in pollen production and an increase in pollen viability. Although the fruit set was not affected by salinity, fruit weight and size decreased in S. lycopersicum. Concentrations and localization of Na, K, Mg, and Ca differed in reproductive structures of both species. Inflorescences and fruits of S. chilense accumulated more Na than S. lycopersicum. Sodium w...

Additional file 3. Review history.

Current Plant Biology, 2022

Plants, 2021

Within the tomato clade, Solanum chilense is considered one of the most promising sources of gene... more Within the tomato clade, Solanum chilense is considered one of the most promising sources of genes for tomato (S. lycopersicum) selection to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we compared the effects of drought, high temperature, and their combination in two cultivars of S. lycopersicum and six populations of S. chilense, differing in their local habitat. Plants were grown at 21/19 °C or 28/26 °C under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Plant growth, physiological responses, and expression of stress-responsive genes were investigated. Our results demonstrated strong variability among accessions. Differences in plant growth parameters were even higher among S. chilense populations than between species. The effects of water stress, high temperature, and their combination also differed according to the accession, suggesting differences in stress resistance between species and populations. Overall, water stress affected plants more negatively than temperature from a mo...

Global Change Biology, 2016