Murshid Sakhr - Independent Researcher (original) (raw)
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Papers by Murshid Sakhr
The Angle Orthodontist, 2008
A female patient with a skeletal Class III severe anterior openbite was treated using miniplates ... more A female patient with a skeletal Class III severe anterior openbite was treated using miniplates as the anchorage. The patient was 15 years and 10 months of age when she reported to our university hospital with a chief complaint of anterior openbite and reversed occlusion. The patient had an anterior openbite with an overjet of −3.0 mm and overbite of −5.0 mm and a Class III molar relationship. The cephalometric analysis showed a skeletal Class III relationship (ANB 0°). After the extraction of the bilateral mandibular third molars, miniplates were placed in the mandibular external oblique line. The mandibular dentition was retracted using elastic chain and miniplates. After treatment, an Angle Class I molar relationship was achieved and overjet and overbite had become 2.0 mm and 1.5 mm. A good facial appearance and occlusal relationship were obtained. The total active orthodontic treatment period was 23 months. Wrap-around type retainers were placed on both jaws and a lingual bonde...
Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2009
Osteocytes are surrounded by hard bone matrix, and it has not been possible previously to directl... more Osteocytes are surrounded by hard bone matrix, and it has not been possible previously to directly observe the in situ architecture of osteocyte morphology in bone. Electron microscope tomography, however, is a technique that has the unique potential to provide three-dimensional (3D) visualization of cellular ultrastructure. This approach is based on reconstruction of 3D volumes from a tilt series of electron micrographs of cells, and resolution at the nanometer level has been achieved. We applied electron microscope tomography to thick sections of silver-stained osteocytes in bone using a Hitachi H-3000 ultra-high voltage electron microscope equipped with a 360° tilt specimen holder, at an accelerating voltage of 2 MeV. Osteocytes with numerous processes and branches were clearly seen in the serial tilt series acquired from 3-μm-thick sections. Reconstruction of young osteocytes showed the 3D topographic morphology of the cell body and processes at high resolution. This morphologic...
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2014
Osteocytes produce various factors that mediate the onset of bone formation and resorption and pl... more Osteocytes produce various factors that mediate the onset of bone formation and resorption and play roles in maintaining bone homeostasis and remodeling in response to mechanical stimuli. One such factor, CCN2, is thought to play a significant role in osteocyte responses to mechanical stimuli, but its function in osteocytes is not well understood. Here, we showed that CCN2 induces apoptosis in osteocytes under compressive force loading. Compressive force increased CCN2 gene expression and production, and induced apoptosis in osteocytes. Application of exogenous CCN2 protein induced apoptosis, and a neutralizing CCN2 antibody blocked loading-induced apoptosis. We further examined how CCN2 induces loaded osteocyte apoptosis. In loaded osteocytes, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was activated, and an ERK1/2 inhibitor blocked loading-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, application of exogenous CCN2 protein caused ERK1/2 activation, and the neutralizing CCN2 antibody inhibited loading-induced ERK1/2 activation. Therefore, this study demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge that enhanced production of CCN2 in osteocytes under compressive force loading induces apoptosis through activation of ERK1/2 pathway.
The Angle Orthodontist, 2008
A female patient with a skeletal Class III severe anterior openbite was treated using miniplates ... more A female patient with a skeletal Class III severe anterior openbite was treated using miniplates as the anchorage. The patient was 15 years and 10 months of age when she reported to our university hospital with a chief complaint of anterior openbite and reversed occlusion. The patient had an anterior openbite with an overjet of −3.0 mm and overbite of −5.0 mm and a Class III molar relationship. The cephalometric analysis showed a skeletal Class III relationship (ANB 0°). After the extraction of the bilateral mandibular third molars, miniplates were placed in the mandibular external oblique line. The mandibular dentition was retracted using elastic chain and miniplates. After treatment, an Angle Class I molar relationship was achieved and overjet and overbite had become 2.0 mm and 1.5 mm. A good facial appearance and occlusal relationship were obtained. The total active orthodontic treatment period was 23 months. Wrap-around type retainers were placed on both jaws and a lingual bonde...
Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2009
Osteocytes are surrounded by hard bone matrix, and it has not been possible previously to directl... more Osteocytes are surrounded by hard bone matrix, and it has not been possible previously to directly observe the in situ architecture of osteocyte morphology in bone. Electron microscope tomography, however, is a technique that has the unique potential to provide three-dimensional (3D) visualization of cellular ultrastructure. This approach is based on reconstruction of 3D volumes from a tilt series of electron micrographs of cells, and resolution at the nanometer level has been achieved. We applied electron microscope tomography to thick sections of silver-stained osteocytes in bone using a Hitachi H-3000 ultra-high voltage electron microscope equipped with a 360° tilt specimen holder, at an accelerating voltage of 2 MeV. Osteocytes with numerous processes and branches were clearly seen in the serial tilt series acquired from 3-μm-thick sections. Reconstruction of young osteocytes showed the 3D topographic morphology of the cell body and processes at high resolution. This morphologic...
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2014
Osteocytes produce various factors that mediate the onset of bone formation and resorption and pl... more Osteocytes produce various factors that mediate the onset of bone formation and resorption and play roles in maintaining bone homeostasis and remodeling in response to mechanical stimuli. One such factor, CCN2, is thought to play a significant role in osteocyte responses to mechanical stimuli, but its function in osteocytes is not well understood. Here, we showed that CCN2 induces apoptosis in osteocytes under compressive force loading. Compressive force increased CCN2 gene expression and production, and induced apoptosis in osteocytes. Application of exogenous CCN2 protein induced apoptosis, and a neutralizing CCN2 antibody blocked loading-induced apoptosis. We further examined how CCN2 induces loaded osteocyte apoptosis. In loaded osteocytes, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was activated, and an ERK1/2 inhibitor blocked loading-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, application of exogenous CCN2 protein caused ERK1/2 activation, and the neutralizing CCN2 antibody inhibited loading-induced ERK1/2 activation. Therefore, this study demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge that enhanced production of CCN2 in osteocytes under compressive force loading induces apoptosis through activation of ERK1/2 pathway.