Shivananda Murthy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Shivananda Murthy
Nutrient requirements and feeding of finfish for aquaculture
The nutrient requirements (protein and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, and vi... more The nutrient requirements (protein and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, and vitamins and minerals) and practical diets and feeding of catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) are discussed.
Journal of Experimental Zoology, India, 2020
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of differe... more The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of different levels of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on performance, egg quality, immune responses, and gut microflora in laying hens exposed to Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenge. A total of 180 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens, 55 wk of age, were randomly distributed among 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 6 hens each. Experimental diets consisted of 5 graded levels of MOS (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2% of diet). The study lasted 77 d including 7 d for adaptation and 70 d as the main experimental period subdivided into two 35d periods. The results showed increases (P < 0.05) in egg production percentage and egg mass, and a decrease (P < 0.05) in feed conversion ratio (FCR) in birds fed the diets containing 0.1 and 0.15% MOS compared with control birds during the first 35-d period. In addition, there were significant differences between dietary treatments for egg mass and FCR during the second 35-d, with the best (P < 0.05) values observed for hens fed on 0.1% MOS-supplemented diet. Feed intake and egg weight, however, were not influenced by dietary treatments throughout the experimental period. Compared to control birds, supplemental MOS resulted in 9.8% (P < 0.01) and 8.1% (P < 0.05) increases in hen-day egg production and egg mass, respectively, during the entire experimental period. Dietary supplementation with 0.1 to 0.2% MOS decreased (P < 0.01) serum triglycerides concentration compared with control birds. In addition, serum concentration of low-density lipoproteins was reduced (P < 0.001) by all supplemental MOS levels. In contrast to Newcastle antibody titer, primary antibody response against sheep red blood cell was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by supplemental MOS. Supplementation of MOS into the diet caused increases in digestibility coefficients of DM (P < 0.05) and CP (P < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant (P < 0.01) difference between dietary treatments for ileal ether extract digestibility, with the highest digestibility values assigned to the hens supplemented with 0.05% MOS. Although dietary MOS supplementation had no effect on ileal E. coli and total bacteria enumerations, it resulted in a decrease (P < 0.01) in Salmonella count and increased Lactobacillus. The present findings indicate that MOS supplementation of laying hens under bacterial challenge could improve productive performance probably through modification of intestinal bacterial populations and improving nutrient digestibility.
Mysore journal of agricultural sciences, 2000
Mysore journal of agricultural sciences, 2000
Mysore journal of agricultural sciences, 2000
Environment and Ecology, 2013
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 1984
The Beach on the southern part of the study area was relatively more stable throughout the year w... more The Beach on the southern part of the study area was relatively more stable throughout the year with lesser foreshore slopes. Mostly the sorting coefficient values were < 2.5 in the study area indicating that the beach sands in this part were well sorted during most of the time of the year. Higher mean grain size and associated higher sorting coefficient values during southwest monsoon months were found related to high energy of the steep waves.
The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics, 2000
Intensive aquaculture system is characterised by heavy stocking density and use of formulated fee... more Intensive aquaculture system is characterised by heavy stocking density and use of formulated feeds to enhance production. Consumer preference is one of the factors to be considered while selecting species of fish for culture. Artificial feeding can influence the organoleptic characteristics of aquatic animals and thereby control their market value. The feeds can however have both favourable and unfavourable effects on the fishes fed.
To study the growth response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to the diets containing two ... more To study the growth response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to the diets containing two protein (30 and 35%) and two lipid levels (12 and 18%) in a closed recirculatory system for 60 days, fish were fed to satiation twice daily. The experiment was carried out in triplicate groups. Fortnightly sampling of fish and water samples was carried out. The best result in terms of growth was obtained with the diet containing 34.62% protein and 12.12% lipid. The protein to lipid ratio was 18.57 in the diet that gave best percentage weight gain. However best survival, food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were recorded in the diet containing 29.86% protein and 18.08% lipid.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology
Nutrient requirements and feeding of finfish for aquaculture
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2011
Pakistan Journal of …, 2011
A study was conducted to determine the growth responses of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinu... more A study was conducted to determine the growth responses of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to dietary inclusion of green leaf (Amaranthus cruentus) of the Amaranthecea family. 360 fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus fish of mean weight 1.980.25g from the same stock were randomly stocked at 20 fishes per plastic aquarium at 6 treatment levels, each with 3 replicates. The effect of partial and total replacement of the commercial fish premix with the green leaf on the growth variables and nutrient utilization, were assessed. Six practical diets with graded replacement levels of commercial premix by dry Amaranthus cruentus green leaf powder at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% were formulated and fed to C. gariepinus fingerlings for 16 weeks at 5% biomass. The dietary groups were designated Co (control), X 20 , X 40 , X 60 , X 80 and X 100 inclusion levels. Diet Co contained 100% commercial premix, while diet X 100 contained 100% dry green leaf powder. The other treatment groups had their different graded levels of fish and leaf premixes. The results obtained from the study indicated that Amaranthus cruentus leaf when used as a premix in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings can completely replace commercial fish premix at the 100% inclusion level. The highest values of growth performance were: final weight 175.500.34g, weight gain 173.020.85g, daily weight gain 18.910.21g, Absolute growth rate 160.212.43 and specific growth rate 2.180.12 were recorded in the control and closely followed by the X 100 treatment group. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the values in the control and X 100 diet.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology
Journal of Fisheries & Livestock Production
Small-scale fishers are negatively affected by climate change in Vanuatu. Livelihoods and health ... more Small-scale fishers are negatively affected by climate change in Vanuatu. Livelihoods and health of coastal communities that heavily rely on farming and fishing for subsistence and incomes face serious risks. Aquaculture, marine protected areas through natural resource management (NRM), and low-cost inshore fish aggregating device (FAD) can improve the economic conditions of coastal communities in Vanuatu. The purpose of this study is to assess the fisheries development strategies in Vanuatu, determine any economic benefits, and provide some policy recommendations for consideration by the national government. Methodology: A fish market supply-demand model was applied that assesses the impact of climate change supply shocks and policy responses on fish supply and demand and economic welfare. Data was collected through literature and focus group discussions. Results were presented and validated by different national agencies. Findings: Baseline results indicate that aggregate fish consumption is expected to increase considerably in 2035 and 2050. Oceanic fish production is projected to increase, hence Vanuatu will remain a net exporter by 2050 but coastal production will decline in 2010-2050. Coastal fish will most likely be imported to augment rising demand from population and income growth. Combined low-cost FAD and NRM are projected to increase net exports and consumption of coastal fish. Coastal finfish and tuna contribute about 77% of current consumption, thus combined low-cost FAD and NRM will have positive impacts on poorer households.
Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of one of the carotenoids (diacetate of lutein-meso... more The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of one of the carotenoids (diacetate of lutein-mesozeaxanthin) on growth performance, proximate composition of body and water quality in freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii in fiber reinforced plastic tanks (120 l capacity) for 60 days in a recirculatory aquaculture system. Uniform sized PL of M. rosenbergii with an average range of weight (0.32 to 0.37g) was used for the study. The study was carried out in triplicate groups and prawns were stocked at the rate of 50 numbers per tank. Three test diets namely T 1 , T 2 and T 3 with 35% protein content were formulated. Diet T 1 had 60ppm, T 1 had 120ppm and T 3 had 180 ppm Diacetate of lutein-mesozeaxanthin and diet without diacetate of luteinmesozeaxanthin supplementation served as control (T 0). Growth parameters and survival factors were analyzed at the end of feeding trial. After 60 days, weight gain (1.238±0.07), Specific Growth Rate (2.53±0.05), Feed Efficiency Rate (0.440±0.00), Protein Efficiency Rate (1.259±0.00), Survival Rate (80.00±12.02), Percentage of Mean Weight Gain (356.77±0.65), Daily Growth Rate (5.94±0.21), Daily Growth Index (0.77±0.08), Growth Coefficient (1.630±0.05) were higher in prawns fed the Diacetate of lutein-mesozeaxanthin added diets compared to control and lower feed conversion ratio (2.26±0.01) was observed in T3. The best results of M. rosenbergii in terms of growth factors were recorded in treatment T3 followed by T 2 , T 1 , T 0 , and significant differences (P<0.01) were observed among treatments according to growth parameters, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between them with regard to survival rate. There were no significant differences in water quality and proximate composition among different treatments. These findings demonstrated the dietary carotenoid (diacetate of lutein-mesozeaxanthin) can be used for enhancing of growth in M. rosenbergii, but no effect on survival, water quality and proximate composition.
Nutrient requirements and feeding of finfish for aquaculture
The nutrient requirements (protein and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, and vi... more The nutrient requirements (protein and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, and vitamins and minerals) and practical diets and feeding of catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) are discussed.
Journal of Experimental Zoology, India, 2020
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of differe... more The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of different levels of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on performance, egg quality, immune responses, and gut microflora in laying hens exposed to Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenge. A total of 180 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens, 55 wk of age, were randomly distributed among 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 6 hens each. Experimental diets consisted of 5 graded levels of MOS (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2% of diet). The study lasted 77 d including 7 d for adaptation and 70 d as the main experimental period subdivided into two 35d periods. The results showed increases (P < 0.05) in egg production percentage and egg mass, and a decrease (P < 0.05) in feed conversion ratio (FCR) in birds fed the diets containing 0.1 and 0.15% MOS compared with control birds during the first 35-d period. In addition, there were significant differences between dietary treatments for egg mass and FCR during the second 35-d, with the best (P < 0.05) values observed for hens fed on 0.1% MOS-supplemented diet. Feed intake and egg weight, however, were not influenced by dietary treatments throughout the experimental period. Compared to control birds, supplemental MOS resulted in 9.8% (P < 0.01) and 8.1% (P < 0.05) increases in hen-day egg production and egg mass, respectively, during the entire experimental period. Dietary supplementation with 0.1 to 0.2% MOS decreased (P < 0.01) serum triglycerides concentration compared with control birds. In addition, serum concentration of low-density lipoproteins was reduced (P < 0.001) by all supplemental MOS levels. In contrast to Newcastle antibody titer, primary antibody response against sheep red blood cell was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by supplemental MOS. Supplementation of MOS into the diet caused increases in digestibility coefficients of DM (P < 0.05) and CP (P < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant (P < 0.01) difference between dietary treatments for ileal ether extract digestibility, with the highest digestibility values assigned to the hens supplemented with 0.05% MOS. Although dietary MOS supplementation had no effect on ileal E. coli and total bacteria enumerations, it resulted in a decrease (P < 0.01) in Salmonella count and increased Lactobacillus. The present findings indicate that MOS supplementation of laying hens under bacterial challenge could improve productive performance probably through modification of intestinal bacterial populations and improving nutrient digestibility.
Mysore journal of agricultural sciences, 2000
Mysore journal of agricultural sciences, 2000
Mysore journal of agricultural sciences, 2000
Environment and Ecology, 2013
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 1984
The Beach on the southern part of the study area was relatively more stable throughout the year w... more The Beach on the southern part of the study area was relatively more stable throughout the year with lesser foreshore slopes. Mostly the sorting coefficient values were < 2.5 in the study area indicating that the beach sands in this part were well sorted during most of the time of the year. Higher mean grain size and associated higher sorting coefficient values during southwest monsoon months were found related to high energy of the steep waves.
The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics, 2000
Intensive aquaculture system is characterised by heavy stocking density and use of formulated fee... more Intensive aquaculture system is characterised by heavy stocking density and use of formulated feeds to enhance production. Consumer preference is one of the factors to be considered while selecting species of fish for culture. Artificial feeding can influence the organoleptic characteristics of aquatic animals and thereby control their market value. The feeds can however have both favourable and unfavourable effects on the fishes fed.
To study the growth response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to the diets containing two ... more To study the growth response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to the diets containing two protein (30 and 35%) and two lipid levels (12 and 18%) in a closed recirculatory system for 60 days, fish were fed to satiation twice daily. The experiment was carried out in triplicate groups. Fortnightly sampling of fish and water samples was carried out. The best result in terms of growth was obtained with the diet containing 34.62% protein and 12.12% lipid. The protein to lipid ratio was 18.57 in the diet that gave best percentage weight gain. However best survival, food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were recorded in the diet containing 29.86% protein and 18.08% lipid.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology
Nutrient requirements and feeding of finfish for aquaculture
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2011
Pakistan Journal of …, 2011
A study was conducted to determine the growth responses of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinu... more A study was conducted to determine the growth responses of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to dietary inclusion of green leaf (Amaranthus cruentus) of the Amaranthecea family. 360 fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus fish of mean weight 1.980.25g from the same stock were randomly stocked at 20 fishes per plastic aquarium at 6 treatment levels, each with 3 replicates. The effect of partial and total replacement of the commercial fish premix with the green leaf on the growth variables and nutrient utilization, were assessed. Six practical diets with graded replacement levels of commercial premix by dry Amaranthus cruentus green leaf powder at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% were formulated and fed to C. gariepinus fingerlings for 16 weeks at 5% biomass. The dietary groups were designated Co (control), X 20 , X 40 , X 60 , X 80 and X 100 inclusion levels. Diet Co contained 100% commercial premix, while diet X 100 contained 100% dry green leaf powder. The other treatment groups had their different graded levels of fish and leaf premixes. The results obtained from the study indicated that Amaranthus cruentus leaf when used as a premix in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings can completely replace commercial fish premix at the 100% inclusion level. The highest values of growth performance were: final weight 175.500.34g, weight gain 173.020.85g, daily weight gain 18.910.21g, Absolute growth rate 160.212.43 and specific growth rate 2.180.12 were recorded in the control and closely followed by the X 100 treatment group. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the values in the control and X 100 diet.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology
Journal of Fisheries & Livestock Production
Small-scale fishers are negatively affected by climate change in Vanuatu. Livelihoods and health ... more Small-scale fishers are negatively affected by climate change in Vanuatu. Livelihoods and health of coastal communities that heavily rely on farming and fishing for subsistence and incomes face serious risks. Aquaculture, marine protected areas through natural resource management (NRM), and low-cost inshore fish aggregating device (FAD) can improve the economic conditions of coastal communities in Vanuatu. The purpose of this study is to assess the fisheries development strategies in Vanuatu, determine any economic benefits, and provide some policy recommendations for consideration by the national government. Methodology: A fish market supply-demand model was applied that assesses the impact of climate change supply shocks and policy responses on fish supply and demand and economic welfare. Data was collected through literature and focus group discussions. Results were presented and validated by different national agencies. Findings: Baseline results indicate that aggregate fish consumption is expected to increase considerably in 2035 and 2050. Oceanic fish production is projected to increase, hence Vanuatu will remain a net exporter by 2050 but coastal production will decline in 2010-2050. Coastal fish will most likely be imported to augment rising demand from population and income growth. Combined low-cost FAD and NRM are projected to increase net exports and consumption of coastal fish. Coastal finfish and tuna contribute about 77% of current consumption, thus combined low-cost FAD and NRM will have positive impacts on poorer households.
Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of one of the carotenoids (diacetate of lutein-meso... more The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of one of the carotenoids (diacetate of lutein-mesozeaxanthin) on growth performance, proximate composition of body and water quality in freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii in fiber reinforced plastic tanks (120 l capacity) for 60 days in a recirculatory aquaculture system. Uniform sized PL of M. rosenbergii with an average range of weight (0.32 to 0.37g) was used for the study. The study was carried out in triplicate groups and prawns were stocked at the rate of 50 numbers per tank. Three test diets namely T 1 , T 2 and T 3 with 35% protein content were formulated. Diet T 1 had 60ppm, T 1 had 120ppm and T 3 had 180 ppm Diacetate of lutein-mesozeaxanthin and diet without diacetate of luteinmesozeaxanthin supplementation served as control (T 0). Growth parameters and survival factors were analyzed at the end of feeding trial. After 60 days, weight gain (1.238±0.07), Specific Growth Rate (2.53±0.05), Feed Efficiency Rate (0.440±0.00), Protein Efficiency Rate (1.259±0.00), Survival Rate (80.00±12.02), Percentage of Mean Weight Gain (356.77±0.65), Daily Growth Rate (5.94±0.21), Daily Growth Index (0.77±0.08), Growth Coefficient (1.630±0.05) were higher in prawns fed the Diacetate of lutein-mesozeaxanthin added diets compared to control and lower feed conversion ratio (2.26±0.01) was observed in T3. The best results of M. rosenbergii in terms of growth factors were recorded in treatment T3 followed by T 2 , T 1 , T 0 , and significant differences (P<0.01) were observed among treatments according to growth parameters, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between them with regard to survival rate. There were no significant differences in water quality and proximate composition among different treatments. These findings demonstrated the dietary carotenoid (diacetate of lutein-mesozeaxanthin) can be used for enhancing of growth in M. rosenbergii, but no effect on survival, water quality and proximate composition.