Mya Thida - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mya Thida

Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants

Myanmar health sciences research journal, 2014

Foreign Policy Review, 2021

The study explores people’s perception of foreign external actors in Myanmar’s domestic conflict ... more The study explores people’s perception of foreign external actors in Myanmar’s domestic conflict through a case study of the recent military coup in Myanmar on 1 February 2021. Both Myanmar and China firmly hold a non-interference policy in other’s internal affairs stemming from the ‘Five Principles of Co-existence. However, the traditionally strong relationship between China and the Myanmar army, the Chinese response to the military coup, and its attitude to the army leaders have become controversial among people in Myanmar, leading to a growing anti-Chinese sentiment. By conducting a survey with the Myanmar diaspora, the paper analyses how people in Myanmar perceive China’s role in Myanmar’s internal affairs. The study concludes that, given China’s growing international role, Beijing should pay particular attention to how its foreign policy actions are perceived by the populations of other states.

In the transition to a multipolar international system, the literature has focused on great power... more In the transition to a multipolar international system, the literature has focused on great power competition while little attention has been given to the strategic possibilities of smaller states. However, as a result of globalization, states are so closely interconnected that the primary strategies of even major powers are not to achieve zero-sum solutions but to create asymmetric dependency through which they can influence the behavior of other states and non-state actors. States are assisted in this effort by a variety of tools, including setting up institutions, direct economic influence and through building different forms of infrastructure connectivity networks. By discussing asymmetric dependency situations from the perspective of the great powers, the literature presents smaller states primarily as passive actors, paralyzed by their dependence on great powers. Our paper argues that interdependence allows smaller states to effectively influence larger actors and examines str...

Lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms are not uncommon in postmenopausal Myanmar women. The aim of t... more Lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms are not uncommon in postmenopausal Myanmar women. The aim of the study was to study the urodynamic assessment in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted to eligible 114 postmenopausal women (81 symptomatic women and 33 asymptomatic women) attending at Gynaecological<br> Out-patient Department of Central Women's Hospital (Yangon) from October 2012 to June 2014. Examination included body mass index (BMI), vaginal examination, cough test, and 1 hour pad test. Urine RE was done to all patients to exclude urinary tract infection. Urodynamic investigation was done in those patients who had no urinary tract infection and it was carried out at Urosurgical Ward of No. 2 Military Hospital, Yangon. The most frequent symptom among the study population was urinary incontinence (50%) followed by urgency (45.6%), night time frequency (38.6%). Symptom-based clinical diagnosis of study population were: stress urinary incont...

The present investigation was to compare the effect of radical scavenging activity between the se... more The present investigation was to compare the effect of radical scavenging activity between the selected ethanol extracts of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L., Croton oblongifolius Roxb and Cynodon dactylon Pers. The effective antioxidant activity of selected extracts on DPPH radical was showed in following orders: Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.> Croton oblongifolius Roxb > Cynodon dactylon Pers with their IC50 values of 48μg/ml, 64μg/ml and116μg/ml respectively. Texted extracts were compared with the standard ascorbic acid and its IC50 value was 5.6μg/ml. For the scavenging effect of nitric oxide radical, Cynodon dactylon Pers showed the most effective with IC50 value of 5.2μg/ml than Croton oblongifolius Roxb and Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. with their IC50 value were 44.1μg/ml and 61.9μg/ml respectively. Three tested extracts were less scavenging activity than the standard Gallic acid IC50 value of 3.58μg/ml. In the super oxide radical scavenging assay, Croton oblongifolius R...

Objectives: Technological advances in Computed Tomography (CT) imaging have offered an accurate a... more Objectives: Technological advances in Computed Tomography (CT) imaging have offered an accurate and efficient tool to clinicians for the diagnosis of many medical conditions. However, recent increased usage in both tertiary hospital and community settings has been questioned as inappropriate, as economic and physical burdens of this modality are being revealed. The study aims were to determine the use of CT scan use within a six year period in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and South Eastern New South Wales (SE NSW) and to identify the demographic distribution of utilisation. Methods: This is a sample-based cross-sectional study using data collected from patient encounters in tertiary hospital and community settings, in the ACT and SE NSW, over a two week data collection period held each year in June-July from 2006-2011. Results: Data were collected from a total of 8787 patient encounters with a CT utilisation rate of 5.8%. From 2006-2008 to 2009-2011, the utilisation of CT ...

Introduction: Lack of adequate sealing of the lateral canals can cause secondary infection lead t... more Introduction: Lack of adequate sealing of the lateral canals can cause secondary infection lead to root canal treatment failure. Root canal can be filled three dimensionally with heat-softened gutta-percha (GP) during obturation. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of heat only and heat with vibration obturation techniques, by measuring the percentage of GP penetration length inside at the three levels of simulated lateral canals within a root canal system. Methods: A quantity of 70 mandibular second premolar teeth was used in this experiment. Three simulated lateral canals with the diameter of 0.15mm at coronal, middle and apical third on the distal root surfaces were created. All created teeth were randomly divided into two groups as Group G1 and G2 (n=35). Main canal of teeth in both groups were prepared with K3 rotary file in crown-down technique. Irrigation was performed alternate use of 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA in both groups during canal shaping. G1 was obturated under heat only continuous wave of condensation technique using system B heat source. G2 was obturated with under heat and vibration technique using DownPak device. Filled teeth were radiographed at the bucco-lingual direction and all images were transformed into a digital format. Length of the simulated lateral canals and GP penetration inside the lateral canals (coronal, middle and apical thirds) were measured by VixWin Pro 2000 software and the GP percentages inside the canals were calculated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test. Results: Mean percentage length of GP revealed significantly higher at the apical third level of lateral canals (p<0.05) by the using of heat associated with vibration technique. Conclusions: Heat with vibration technique was found to be superior to heat only technique for obturation especially at the apical third level of root canal.

Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 2021

This study evaluates the protective effect of Echinacoside on acute liver toxicity induced by ace... more This study evaluates the protective effect of Echinacoside on acute liver toxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice and the mechanism behind it. Echinacoside and N-Acetyl Cysteine were intragastrically administrated for 7 days, and acetaminophen was intraperitoneally injected into mice 1 h after the last treatment on day 7. At the end of the experimental period, histological examination, parameters for the level of oxidative damage, hepatic malondialdehyde, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and sulfotransferases changes were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and standard biochemical procedures. The expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 protein was assessed by western blot, followed by in silico molecular docking. Acetaminophen treatment obviously increased the levels of ALT and AST, changed hepatic histopathology, promoted oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, and elevated the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Echinacoside significantly attenuated Acetaminophen-induced liver damage in a dose-dependent manner, with the most effective dose at 100 mg/kg. The pretreatments of Echinacoside in different concentrations altered the Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity levels by decreasing the level of liver enzymes, reducing the liver necrosis with vacuolization, decreasing the hepatic malondialdehyde formation, increasing hepatic antioxidants activities, suppressing the pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor, Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-1beta), inhibiting Nitric Oxide production, enhancing sulfotransferases and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases activities. Notably, the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 was inhibited by Echinacoside in a dose-dependent manner and the binding energy was-214.3 MeV. Echinacoside showed a significant protective effect against Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through the inhibition of oxidative stress, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytochrome P450 2E1 protein expression.

International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 2020

This paper deals with discovering how animals are important in building metaphors in Myanmar prov... more This paper deals with discovering how animals are important in building metaphors in Myanmar proverbs and the role of these animals in Myanmar society and culture. The purpose of the study is to investigate which animals are used in Myanmar proverbs, what are the most common animals used in these proverbs and the role these animals play in everyday life of Myanmar People. The findings reveal that there are 291 metaphors used for 40 animals in 251 proverbs. These animals include domestic animals, wild animals, insects and also mythical creatures such as Dragon and Garuda. The most common animals are birds, fish, elephant, cattle, tiger, dog, chicken, cat, mouse and buffalo. Popular and prominent examples of these ten most common animals are put forward for interpretation under The Contemporary Metaphor Theory and it is found out that the animal metaphors describe a lot about the conceptual mind of Myanmar people and Myanmar historical, geographical, cultural, social, economic and religious conditions.

Acta medica Okayama, 2016

Molecular and epidemiologic investigations suggest a causal role for human papillomavirus (HPV) i... more Molecular and epidemiologic investigations suggest a causal role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in anogenital cancers. This study identified oncogenic HPV genotypes in anogenital cancers among men and women in a 2013 cross-sectional descriptive study in Myanmar. In total, 100 biopsy tissues of histologically confirmed anogenital cancers collected in 2008-2012 were studied, including 30 penile and 9 anal cancers from Yangon General Hospital and 61 vulvar cancers from Central Women's Hospital, Yangon. HPV-DNA testing and genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Overall, 34% of anogenital cancers were HPV-positive. HPV was found in 44.4% of anal (4/9), 36.1% of vulvar (22/61), and 26.7% of penile (8/30) cancers. The most frequent genotypes in anal cancers were HPV 16 (75% ) and 18 (25% ). In vulvar cancers, HPV 33 was most common (40.9% ), followed by 16 (31.8% ), 31 (22.7% ), and 18 (4.6% ). In penile cancers, HPV 16 (62.5% )...

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Jan 26, 2018

antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a priority for surveillance in bacterial infections. For lepros... more antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a priority for surveillance in bacterial infections. For leprosy, AMR could not be assessed so far since Mycobacterium leprae does not grow in vitro. We aim to obtain AMR data using molecular detection of resistance genes and to conduct a prospective open survey of resistance to antileprosy drugs in endemic countries through a WHO surveillance network. From 2009 to 2015, multi-bacillary leprosy cases at sentinel sites of 19 countries, were studied for resistance to rifampicin, dapsone and ofloxacin by PCR sequencing of the drug resistance determining regions (DRDR) of the genes rpoB, folP1 and gyrA. Among 1932 (1143 relapse and 789 new) cases studied, 154 (8.0%) M. leprae strains were found with mutations conferring resistance showing 182 resistance traits (74 for rifampicin, 87 for dapsone, and 21 for ofloxacin). Twenty cases showed rifampicin and dapsone resistance, four showed ofloxacin and dapsone resistance, but no cases were resistant to rifam...

Myanmar Dental Journal, Mar 15, 2013

The correlation of the status of the mid-palatal suture on occlusal films with the skeletal matur... more The correlation of the status of the mid-palatal suture on occlusal films with the skeletal maturity indicators assessed by means of hand-wrist films will be helpful in orthodontic treatment planning. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a positive correlation exists between adolescent skeletal maturational development and the approximation of the mid-palatal suture. Fifty-three Myanmar subjects aged 8 to 18 years participated in this study. Hand-wrist radiograph and standard occlusal radiographs of these subjects were taken and assessed for the skeletal maturity according to skeletal maturation assessment (SMA) system of Fishman (1982). Percentage of fusion of mid-palatal suture was evaluated with standard occlusal radiograph by using image J software. Then, the maturational stages in hand-wrist and mid-palatal suture were correlated. Highly significant association was observed between Skeletal Maturity Indicators (SMI) stages and percentage of fusion of mid-palatal suture. Correlation coefficient was found to be highly significant (p < 0.001). The result of the study indicated that the midpalatal suture maturation and hand wrist skeletal maturation was significantly related.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan 14, 2015

Gambogic acid (GA), a natural product with a xanthone structure, has a broad range of anti-prolif... more Gambogic acid (GA), a natural product with a xanthone structure, has a broad range of anti-proliferative effects on cancer cell lines. We evaluated GA for its cytotoxic effects on T98G glioblastoma cells. GA exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity and induced apoptosis in T98G glioblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation of cells with GA revealed apoptotic features including increased Bax and AIF expression, cytochrome c release, and cleavage of caspase-3, -8, -9, and PARP, while Bcl-2 expression was downregulated. Furthermore, GA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in T98G cells. Our results indicate that GA increases Bax- and AIF-associated apoptotic signaling in glioblastoma cells.