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Papers by Mylène Carrascal

Reviews in Medical Virology

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Pharmaceutics

Throughout the last decades, dendritic cell (DC)-based anti-tumor vaccines have proven to be a sa... more Throughout the last decades, dendritic cell (DC)-based anti-tumor vaccines have proven to be a safe therapeutic approach, although with inconsistent clinical results. The functional limitations of ex vivo monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) commonly used in these therapies are one of the pointed explanations for their lack of robustness. Therefore, a great effort has been made to identify DC subsets with superior features for the establishment of effective anti-tumor responses and to apply them in therapeutic approaches. Among characterized human DC subpopulations, conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1) have emerged as a highly desirable tool for empowering anti-tumor immunity. This DC subset excels in its capacity to prime antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells and to activate natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, which are critical factors for an effective anti-tumor immune response. Here, we sought to revise the immunobiology of cDC1 from their ontogeny to their developm...

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

Dendritic cells (DCs) are central players in the immune system, with an exquisite capacity to ini... more Dendritic cells (DCs) are central players in the immune system, with an exquisite capacity to initiate and modulate immune responses. These functional characteristics have led to intense research on the development of DC-based immunotherapies, particularly for oncologic diseases. During recent decades, DC-based vaccines have generated very promising results in animal studies, and more than 300 clinical assays have demonstrated the safety profile of this approach. However, clinical data are inconsistent, and clear evidence of meaningful efficacy is still lacking. One of the reasons for this lack of evidence is the limited functional abilities of the used ex vivo-differentiated DCs. Therefore, alternative approaches for targeting and modulating endogenous DC subpopulations have emerged as an attractive concept. Here, we sought to revise the evolution of several strategies for the in situ mobilization and modulation of DCs. The first approaches using chemokine-secreting irradiated tumor cells are addressed, and special attention is given to the cutting-edge injectable bioengineered platforms, programmed to release chemoattractants, tumor antigens and DC maturating agents. Finally, we discuss how our increasing knowledge of DC biology, the use of neoantigens and their combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors can leverage the refinement of these polymeric vaccines to boost their antitumor efficacy.

Journal of Clinical Oncology

e14009 Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the central tools in cellular anti-tumor immu... more e14009 Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the central tools in cellular anti-tumor immunotherapy, being characterized by their capacity for acquiring and processing antigens and ability to produce strong antitumor immune responses. The production of clinical grade ex-vivo monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) is the most frequent approach for antitumor vaccines production. Recently, therapeutic resistance to radio/chemotherapy and disease recurrence was shown to be in part due to a small cancer stem cell (CSCs) population present in tumors. Methods: Here, we aim to target and eradicate CSCs by developing a novel DC-based immunotherapy vaccine for pancreatic and non-small cells lung cancer (NSCLC), comparing the loading of CSCs vs. classical tumor lysates. Results: CSCs from PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer) and A549 (NSCLC) cell lines were successfully isolated and characterized, overexpressing stem-like markers: NANOG, OCT4, SOX2 and CD133. CSCs resistance to Gemcitabine was also assess...

Talanta, 2018

This study aimed to assess the benefits of dithiothreitol (DTT)-based sample treatment for protei... more This study aimed to assess the benefits of dithiothreitol (DTT)-based sample treatment for protein equalization to assess potential biomarkers for bladder cancer. The proteome of plasma samples of patients with bladder carcinoma, patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and healthy volunteers, was equalized with dithiothreitol (DTT) and compared. The equalized proteomes were interrogated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Six proteins, namely serum albumin, gelsolin, fibrinogen gamma chain, Ig alpha-1 chain C region, Ig alpha-2 chain C region and haptoglobin, were found dysregulated in at least 70% of bladder cancer patients when compared with a pool of healthy individuals. One protein, serum albumin, was found overexpressed in 70% of the patients when the equalized proteome of the healthy pool was compared with the equalized proteome of the LUTS patients. The pathways modified by the p...

Molecular oncology, Jan 7, 2017

Breast cancer tissue overexpresses fucosylated glycans, such as sialyl-Lewis X/A (sLeX/A ), and α... more Breast cancer tissue overexpresses fucosylated glycans, such as sialyl-Lewis X/A (sLeX/A ), and α-1,3/4-fucosyltransferases in relation to increased disease progression and metastasis. These glycans in tumor circulating cells mediate binding to vascular E-selectin, initiating tumor extravasation. However, their role(s) in breast carcinogenesis is still unknown. Here, we aimed to define the contribution of the fucosylated structures, including sLeX/A , to cell adhesion, cell signaling and proliferation in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), the most frequent type of breast cancer. We first analyzed expression of E-selectin ligands in IDC tissue, and established primary cell cultures from the tissue. We observed strong reactivity with E-selectin and anti-sLeX/A antibodies in both IDC tissue and cell lines, and expression of α-1,3/4 fucosyltransferases FUT4, FUT5, FUT6, FUT10 and FUT11. To further assess the role of fucosylation in IDC biology, we immortalized a primary IDC cell line wit...

BMC cancer, May 2, 2018

The E-selectin ligands expressed by cancer cells mediate adhesion of circulating cancer cells to ... more The E-selectin ligands expressed by cancer cells mediate adhesion of circulating cancer cells to endothelial cells, as well as within tissue microenvironments important for tumor progression and metastasis. The identification of E-selectin ligands within cancer tissue could yield new biomarkers for patient stratification and aid in identifying novel therapeutic targets. The determinants of selectin ligands consist of sialylated tetrasaccharides, the sialyl Lewis X and A (sLe and sLe), displayed on protein or lipid scaffolds. Standardized procedures for immunohistochemistry make use of the antibodies against sLe and/or sLe. However, antibody binding does not define E-selectin binding activity. In this study, we developed an immunohistochemical staining technique, using E-selectin-human Ig Fc chimera (E-Ig) to characterize the expression and localization of E-selectin binding sites on paraffin-embedded sections of different cancer tissue. E-Ig successfully stained cancer cells with hi...

Immunology, 2013

Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) express highly sialylated structures, with recogn... more Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) express highly sialylated structures, with recognized but poorly understood function in maturation, immunogenicity and endocytosis capacity. We have previously shown that mo-DCs surface sialylation is changeable upon different stimuli, which led us to hypothesise the existence of cell surface (non-intracellular) sialyltransferases, rapidly restoring or altering mo-DC surface sialylation, thus modulating specific functions.