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Papers by Norman Livergood
Activity in Marx’s Philosophy, 1967
What should not occur in a good tragedy seems to happen to Greek philosophy: a weak ending. The o... more What should not occur in a good tragedy seems to happen to Greek philosophy: a weak ending. The objective history of philosophy in Greece seems to end with Aristotle, the Macedonian Alexander of Greek philosophy, and even the manly Stoics do not seem to succeed, as the Spartans in their temples succeeded in binding Hercules to Athena so that she could not fly away.
Activity in Marx’s Philosophy, 1967
Epicurus assumes a threefold motion of the atoms in the void.1 One motion is that of a fall in a ... more Epicurus assumes a threefold motion of the atoms in the void.1 One motion is that of a fall in a straight line, the second comes from the atom deviating from a straight line, and the third is established through the repulsion of the many atoms. The assumption of the first and last motion Democritus has in common with Epicurus; the declination of the atom from the straight line differentiates them.2
Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 1968
The Humanist Educator, 1977
Activity in Marx’s Philosophy, 1967
In this chapter we shall explore the bearing of the principle of activity on Marx’s epistemology.... more In this chapter we shall explore the bearing of the principle of activity on Marx’s epistemology. As with other topics, Marx’s epistemology is seldom explicitly set forth and must be discerned within the general context of his writings. Most of the discussion of this topic is restricted to his early works. One of the most explicit passages deality with epistemology is found in Marx’s Theses on Feuerbach.
Activity in Marx’s Philosophy, 1967
In this chapter we shall investigate the relation of theory and practice in Marx’s philosophy. In... more In this chapter we shall investigate the relation of theory and practice in Marx’s philosophy. In the context of Marx’s system, theory and practice refer to the theory and practice of transforming society. Society means, for Marx, the economic and political relations in the existing state.
As a species we have evolved by increasing our mental and physical powers through the deliberate ... more As a species we have evolved by increasing our mental and physical powers through the deliberate development and use of instruments that amplify our inherent capabilities. Whereas hereditarily given instincts predetermine the actions of lower animal forms, human existence begins with freedom. As humans we can choose what actions we will perform. We have invented a technology called education to prepare ourselves for life. At present, our educational structures and procedures are failing to prepare us efficiently for the demands of modern life. One of the most important new technologies, in relation to human development, is the digital computer. This dissertation proposes that artificial intelligence maintain a highly critical technological awareness. Artificial intelligence, because of its origin as a politically sponsored field of investigation, must strive for constant awareness of its place within the larger political-economic world and its possible misuse by factions intent on m...
Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 1994
In this study, college undergraduate students were presented identical material on the domain of ... more In this study, college undergraduate students were presented identical material on the domain of intelligent tutoring systems. The author designed his research to isolate the key variables, disallow for the effect of some of those variables, and determine in a precise way what effects are produced by a multimedia delivery system, repetition of instructional and testing material, and an intelligent tutoring system delivery system. The first phase of this study, comparing test scores of students who were presented material in two delivery systems: 1) hard-copy (printed material), and 2) a computer-based multimedia program, indicated no statistically significant difference in scores. A second part of that phase, comparing test scores and re-test scores of students studying the computer-based multimedia program, indicated no statistically significant difference in scores. The second phase of this study, comparing scores of the two initial delivery systems and scores on a multimedia modi...
Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 1991
Intelligent tutoring systems comprise an important new technology within the field of artificial ... more Intelligent tutoring systems comprise an important new technology within the field of artificial intelligence. This article explores specification and design procedures, functions, and issues in developing intelligent tutoring systems-those features which are necessary to consider when designing or developing intelligent computer-assisted instruction (ICAI) systems. Instead of developing a specific ITS in a particular domain, this article explores generic procedures for developing intelligent tutoring systems. The unstructured proliferation of intelligent instruction systems with a variety of functionality makes this effort particularly important.
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 1993
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Apr 1, 1991
Activity in Marx’s Philosophy, 1967
What should not occur in a good tragedy seems to happen to Greek philosophy: a weak ending. The o... more What should not occur in a good tragedy seems to happen to Greek philosophy: a weak ending. The objective history of philosophy in Greece seems to end with Aristotle, the Macedonian Alexander of Greek philosophy, and even the manly Stoics do not seem to succeed, as the Spartans in their temples succeeded in binding Hercules to Athena so that she could not fly away.
Activity in Marx’s Philosophy, 1967
Epicurus assumes a threefold motion of the atoms in the void.1 One motion is that of a fall in a ... more Epicurus assumes a threefold motion of the atoms in the void.1 One motion is that of a fall in a straight line, the second comes from the atom deviating from a straight line, and the third is established through the repulsion of the many atoms. The assumption of the first and last motion Democritus has in common with Epicurus; the declination of the atom from the straight line differentiates them.2
Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 1968
The Humanist Educator, 1977
Activity in Marx’s Philosophy, 1967
In this chapter we shall explore the bearing of the principle of activity on Marx’s epistemology.... more In this chapter we shall explore the bearing of the principle of activity on Marx’s epistemology. As with other topics, Marx’s epistemology is seldom explicitly set forth and must be discerned within the general context of his writings. Most of the discussion of this topic is restricted to his early works. One of the most explicit passages deality with epistemology is found in Marx’s Theses on Feuerbach.
Activity in Marx’s Philosophy, 1967
In this chapter we shall investigate the relation of theory and practice in Marx’s philosophy. In... more In this chapter we shall investigate the relation of theory and practice in Marx’s philosophy. In the context of Marx’s system, theory and practice refer to the theory and practice of transforming society. Society means, for Marx, the economic and political relations in the existing state.
As a species we have evolved by increasing our mental and physical powers through the deliberate ... more As a species we have evolved by increasing our mental and physical powers through the deliberate development and use of instruments that amplify our inherent capabilities. Whereas hereditarily given instincts predetermine the actions of lower animal forms, human existence begins with freedom. As humans we can choose what actions we will perform. We have invented a technology called education to prepare ourselves for life. At present, our educational structures and procedures are failing to prepare us efficiently for the demands of modern life. One of the most important new technologies, in relation to human development, is the digital computer. This dissertation proposes that artificial intelligence maintain a highly critical technological awareness. Artificial intelligence, because of its origin as a politically sponsored field of investigation, must strive for constant awareness of its place within the larger political-economic world and its possible misuse by factions intent on m...
Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 1994
In this study, college undergraduate students were presented identical material on the domain of ... more In this study, college undergraduate students were presented identical material on the domain of intelligent tutoring systems. The author designed his research to isolate the key variables, disallow for the effect of some of those variables, and determine in a precise way what effects are produced by a multimedia delivery system, repetition of instructional and testing material, and an intelligent tutoring system delivery system. The first phase of this study, comparing test scores of students who were presented material in two delivery systems: 1) hard-copy (printed material), and 2) a computer-based multimedia program, indicated no statistically significant difference in scores. A second part of that phase, comparing test scores and re-test scores of students studying the computer-based multimedia program, indicated no statistically significant difference in scores. The second phase of this study, comparing scores of the two initial delivery systems and scores on a multimedia modi...
Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 1991
Intelligent tutoring systems comprise an important new technology within the field of artificial ... more Intelligent tutoring systems comprise an important new technology within the field of artificial intelligence. This article explores specification and design procedures, functions, and issues in developing intelligent tutoring systems-those features which are necessary to consider when designing or developing intelligent computer-assisted instruction (ICAI) systems. Instead of developing a specific ITS in a particular domain, this article explores generic procedures for developing intelligent tutoring systems. The unstructured proliferation of intelligent instruction systems with a variety of functionality makes this effort particularly important.
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 1993
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Apr 1, 1991