Nasir Mukhtar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nasir Mukhtar

Research paper thumbnail of Sex differences in basal hypothalamic anorectic and orexigenic gene expression and the effect of quantitative and qualitative food restriction

Biology of Sex Differences, May 29, 2018

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Research paper thumbnail of Growth response of growing lambs fed on concentrate with or without ionophores and probiotics

International Journal of Agriculture and …, 2010

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Research paper thumbnail of Exotic avian species

Reference Module in Food Science

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Research paper thumbnail of Review of "Physico-chemical properties of late-incubation egg amniotic fluid and a potential in ovo feed supplement

Publons reviews and discussion, 2017

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Environmental Heat Stress on Performance and Carcass Yield of Broiler Chicks

Journal of World's Poultry Research, 2019

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Research paper thumbnail of Molecular epidemiology of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in different types of chickens

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2014

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Research paper thumbnail of Surveillance of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Pet, Game and Free Flying Birds

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2015

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Research paper thumbnail of Understanding of Social and Mating Behaviour of Ostrich (Struthio camelus). J. World Poult. Res., 7 (2): 72-78

The ostrich is the largest wild ratite bird. The head of ostrich is 1.8-2.75m above ground due to... more The ostrich is the largest wild ratite bird. The head of ostrich is 1.8-2.75m above ground due to large legs. The ostrich is the largest vertebrate and achieves a speed of 60-65km/h. There are four extinct subspecies and limited to Africa. The preferred habitat in nature is the open area, small grass corners and open desert. They choose more open woodland and avoid areas of dense woodland and tall grass. In natural environment, ostrich is gregarious and lives in groups. This small crowd are led mature sire or dam. Walking, chasing and kantling are exhibited to protect the territories by males. Off springs are protected by adults from predator by mock injury. Other behaviours are yawning, stretching and thermoregulation. Frequency of mating is low in captivity. Mostly male-female ratio is 1:2 (Male: Female) kept in experiment and ostriches are selective in case of their mates and they might direct their courtship displays at humans rather than their mates, due to the presence of huma...

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Research paper thumbnail of Role of Mushroom as Dietary Supplement on Performance of Poultry

Journal of dietary supplements, Jan 3, 2018

The objective of this review is to summarize the effect of commonly used mushrooms (particularly ... more The objective of this review is to summarize the effect of commonly used mushrooms (particularly Pleurotus ostreatus or oyster mushroom, Agaricus bisporus or Button mushroom, Lentimula edodes or shiitake mushroom, and Ganoderma lucidum or reishi mushroom) in poultry diets on performance of broilers and layers. It can be concluded from different studies that mushrooms and their polysaccharides can play important roles in poultry production: (1) Polysaccharides in mushrooms may act as immune enhancers or immunomodulators and show antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic bioactivities; (2) phenolic compounds of mushrooms may act as antioxidants; (3) mushrooms in broiler's diet may be used as growth promoters as an alternative to antibiotics; (4) mushrooms in the diet may improve egg production and quality; (5) mushrooms may be used as a safe and effective alternative for inducing molt, enhancing immunity, reducing Salmonella growth, and returning to egg production. Further studies a...

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Research paper thumbnail of Intensifying Dietary Crude Protein with or without Rumen Modifiers : Influence on Nutrient Consumption , Blood Chemistry and Growth Index of Growing Male Goats

Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goat Sciences, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Comb: An important reliable visual ornamental trait for selection in chickens

World's Poultry Science Journal, 2012

Many cues for selection exist in poultry breeding, giving important insights into the future sele... more Many cues for selection exist in poultry breeding, giving important insights into the future selection of elite progeny. Among these cues, the comb is an important reliable parameter for selection within variety or breed. The development of the comb is associated with hormone levels in the body which affect both productive and reproductive parameters. Comb affects the mating behaviour of birds and may be used as an indicator for selection by examining its impact on performance. Strong selection for increased comb size has been shown not to affect male mortality but is linked to increased female mortality. The production traits of layers have a positive correlation with comb size. The following paper provides a review of the comb as an important ornamental trait, including its morphology, development, use as a selection tool and the effect of comb size on productive and reproductive traits.

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Research paper thumbnail of Comparative study of growth performance, egg production, egg characteristics and haemato-biochemical parameters ofDesi, Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red chicken

Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2012

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Research paper thumbnail of Production Performance, Egg Quality and Biochemical Parameters of Three Way Crossbred Chickens with Reciprocal F1Crossbred Chickens in Sub-Tropical Environment

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2013

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Research paper thumbnail of Comparative study of growth performance, meat quality and haematological parameters of Fayoumi, Rhode Island Red and their reciprocal crossbred chickens

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2012

A total of 2001 unsexed day-old-chicks of each Fayoumi, Rhode Island Red (RIR), RIR × Fayoumi (RI... more A total of 2001 unsexed day-old-chicks of each Fayoumi, Rhode Island Red (RIR), RIR × Fayoumi (RIFI) and Fayoumi × RIR (FIRI) were obtained from hatchery of Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. The birds were maintained on deep litter system for a period of 20 weeks. The results revealed that the average day old weight was highest in RIR and FIRI, intermediate in RIFI and lowest in Fayoumi chickens. The RIR breed consumed more feed and gained maximum (P<0.05) weight gain than those of Fayoumi and crossbred chickens at all ages of growing phase. The poor (P<0.05) feed conversion was observed in Fayoumi and better feed conversion was recorded in RIR and both crossbred chickens. The crossbred chickens had lowest (P<0.05) mortality than purebred chickens. The highest dressing percentage was observed in FIRI (62.60) followed by RIFI (62.40%), RIR (57.50) and Fayoumi (54.08) chickens. The breast and thigh meat composition had non-significant (P>0.05) difference among pure and crossbred chickens. There was non-significant (P>0.05) difference in haematological values among all chickens. The total erythrocyte number, haemoglobin and packed cell volume increased with the advancement of age. However, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin values decreased gradually with the advancement of age. It may be concluded that crossbred chickens gained better body weight than Fayoumi and moderate than RIR chickens with lower mortality. The crossbred chickens of FIRI showed better performance in all traits than crossbred chickens of RIFI.

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Research paper thumbnail of Intramedullary Fixation Approach to Tibiotarsal Fracture in Ostrich ( struthio camelus ) : 2 Case Report

28 Abstract Lameness is one of the most common problems of musculoskeletal injuries faced by bird... more 28 Abstract Lameness is one of the most common problems of musculoskeletal injuries faced by birds especially Ostrich (struthius camales) chicks during brooding period. Mostly it occurs due to fracture in long and their associated bones because of development of pathological condition of bone softening. In avian species, external splints and intramedullary pinning are the most common method to manipulate such injuries. In this case report, two ostrich chicks (A & B) were presented with shaft fracture of tibiotarsus of left limb. Surgery was performed for introduction of intramedullary (IM) pin to immobilize the fractured bones. Bird A was approached laterally and B medially to reach the bone. Though, the birds successfully recovered from anesthesia after surgery they couldn’t survive longer due to stress and blood loss. We concluded that medial approach is more feasible while dealing with such fractures.

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Research paper thumbnail of Use of Organic Acids as Potential Feed Additives in Poultry Production

Research scientist at NIPH, Harper Adams University, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom Departm... more Research scientist at NIPH, Harper Adams University, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan *Corresponding author`s Email: wmirza@harper-adams.ac.uk Received: 05Aug. 2016 Accepted: 02Sep. 2016 ABSTRACT Historically organic acids (OA) have been used by humans as natural food preservatives and hygiene promoters with regard to the microbial growth and to enhance freshness and shelf-life of edible food items. This characteristic of microbial growth inhibition of OA also makes them suitable replacement to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry. OA are chemically weak acids, which prevent or completely seize the proliferation and colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of birds. Thus, reducing the competition for the nutrients as well as production of harmful microbial metabolites. This in turn improves bird’s performance and enhances the specific and ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Sex, diet density and feeding centre gene expression

# Abstract # ## Background ## Research into energy balance and growth has infrequently considered... more # Abstract # ## Background ## Research into energy balance and growth has infrequently considered genetic sex, yet there is sexual dimorphism for growth across the animal kingdom. We test the hypothesis that sexual dimorphism for growth and body weight in birds is potentially dependent on hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AGRP) expression, since previous research indicates hypothalamic AGRP expression is correlated with growth potential. Because growth has been heavily selected in some chicken lines, food restriction is necessary to improve reproductive performance and welfare, but this increases hunger. Dietary dilution has been proposed to ameliorate this undesirable effect. We aimed to distinguish the effects of gut fullness from nutritional feedback on hypothalamic gene expression and its interaction with sex. ## Methods ## Restricted-fed 12-week-old male and female fast growing chickens were released from restriction and fed ad-libitum or a diet diluted with a non-nutritive bulking agent, ispaghula husk, for 2 days. A control group remained on the quantitative restricted diet. The basal hypothalamus was then dissected and gene expression of hypothalamic satiety peptides were measured using real-time PCR. To confirm observed sex difference effects, the experiment was repeated using only ad-libitum and restricted fed broiler breeders and observations made in an unrelated breed of ad-libitum fed male and female chickens. Linear Mixed Models (Genstat 18) were used for statistical analysis with transformation where appropriate. ## Results ## There were pronounced sex differences in a fast growing chicken strain, AGRP (P<0.001) expression was higher in males. In genetically distinct chickens, males had higher AGRP mRNA (P=0.002) expression than females, suggesting sex difference was not restricted to a fast growing strain. AGRP (P<0.001) expression was significantly decreased in ad-libitum-fed birds but was high and indistinguishable between birds on a quantitative versus qualitative restricted diet. Inve [...]

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Research paper thumbnail of Does interrelationship of allopregnanolone and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone during pregnancy and postpartum depression exist? A review of the current evidence

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Research paper thumbnail of Nutrient Modelling to Fabricate Dairy Milk Constituents: Let Milk Serve More Than a Food Item

Dietary macro and micro nutrients in their respective proportion and fractions present a practica... more Dietary macro and micro nutrients in their respective proportion and fractions present a practical potential tool to fabricate milk constituents since cells of lactating mammary glands obtain about 80 % of milk synthesis nutrients from blood, reflecting the existence of an isotonic equilibrium between blood and milk. Diverting milk biosynthetic activities through manipulation of nutrients towards producing milk not only keeping in view its significance as natural food but also as food item which prevents or dilutes the adverse effects of some diseases (like cardiovascular problem by saturated milk fat intake) has been area of interest in the last decade. Nutritional modification / supplementation has been reported to enhance conjugated linoleic acid, fatty acid type and concentration, essential fatty acid concentration, vitamin B12& C, Se, Cu, I and Fe which are involved to counter the health threats to human well being. Synchronizing dietary nutrients aimed to modify rumen dynamics...

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Research paper thumbnail of Gastric impaction: an important health and welfare issue of growing ostriches

Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica

Ostrich farming serves as a source for meat, feathers, skin, eggs, and oil. In general, ostriches... more Ostrich farming serves as a source for meat, feathers, skin, eggs, and oil. In general, ostriches are hardy birds that can resist a wide range of climatic harshness and some diseases. However, musculoskeletal and digestive complications, including the gastric impaction, remain the major cause of mortality. The gastrointestinal impaction alone is responsible for 30 – 46% of spontaneous deaths in growing ostriches. The literature review of 21 publications on this subject has shown that 90% of these incidents happen during first six months of life. The aetiology of this problem is mostly stress and behaviour-related gorging of feed and picking on non-feeding materials such as stone, sand, wood pieces, plastic, glass, and metallic objects. Conservative therapy or surgical approaches show good results with almost 70 to 100% recovery depending upon the clinical presentation and timely diagnosis. Overall, this literature review describes impaction in farmed ostriches, along with diagnosis,...

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Research paper thumbnail of Sex differences in basal hypothalamic anorectic and orexigenic gene expression and the effect of quantitative and qualitative food restriction

Biology of Sex Differences, May 29, 2018

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Growth response of growing lambs fed on concentrate with or without ionophores and probiotics

International Journal of Agriculture and …, 2010

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Exotic avian species

Reference Module in Food Science

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Review of "Physico-chemical properties of late-incubation egg amniotic fluid and a potential in ovo feed supplement

Publons reviews and discussion, 2017

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Environmental Heat Stress on Performance and Carcass Yield of Broiler Chicks

Journal of World's Poultry Research, 2019

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular epidemiology of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in different types of chickens

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Surveillance of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Pet, Game and Free Flying Birds

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2015

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Understanding of Social and Mating Behaviour of Ostrich (Struthio camelus). J. World Poult. Res., 7 (2): 72-78

The ostrich is the largest wild ratite bird. The head of ostrich is 1.8-2.75m above ground due to... more The ostrich is the largest wild ratite bird. The head of ostrich is 1.8-2.75m above ground due to large legs. The ostrich is the largest vertebrate and achieves a speed of 60-65km/h. There are four extinct subspecies and limited to Africa. The preferred habitat in nature is the open area, small grass corners and open desert. They choose more open woodland and avoid areas of dense woodland and tall grass. In natural environment, ostrich is gregarious and lives in groups. This small crowd are led mature sire or dam. Walking, chasing and kantling are exhibited to protect the territories by males. Off springs are protected by adults from predator by mock injury. Other behaviours are yawning, stretching and thermoregulation. Frequency of mating is low in captivity. Mostly male-female ratio is 1:2 (Male: Female) kept in experiment and ostriches are selective in case of their mates and they might direct their courtship displays at humans rather than their mates, due to the presence of huma...

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Research paper thumbnail of Role of Mushroom as Dietary Supplement on Performance of Poultry

Journal of dietary supplements, Jan 3, 2018

The objective of this review is to summarize the effect of commonly used mushrooms (particularly ... more The objective of this review is to summarize the effect of commonly used mushrooms (particularly Pleurotus ostreatus or oyster mushroom, Agaricus bisporus or Button mushroom, Lentimula edodes or shiitake mushroom, and Ganoderma lucidum or reishi mushroom) in poultry diets on performance of broilers and layers. It can be concluded from different studies that mushrooms and their polysaccharides can play important roles in poultry production: (1) Polysaccharides in mushrooms may act as immune enhancers or immunomodulators and show antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic bioactivities; (2) phenolic compounds of mushrooms may act as antioxidants; (3) mushrooms in broiler's diet may be used as growth promoters as an alternative to antibiotics; (4) mushrooms in the diet may improve egg production and quality; (5) mushrooms may be used as a safe and effective alternative for inducing molt, enhancing immunity, reducing Salmonella growth, and returning to egg production. Further studies a...

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Research paper thumbnail of Intensifying Dietary Crude Protein with or without Rumen Modifiers : Influence on Nutrient Consumption , Blood Chemistry and Growth Index of Growing Male Goats

Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goat Sciences, 2013

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Comb: An important reliable visual ornamental trait for selection in chickens

World's Poultry Science Journal, 2012

Many cues for selection exist in poultry breeding, giving important insights into the future sele... more Many cues for selection exist in poultry breeding, giving important insights into the future selection of elite progeny. Among these cues, the comb is an important reliable parameter for selection within variety or breed. The development of the comb is associated with hormone levels in the body which affect both productive and reproductive parameters. Comb affects the mating behaviour of birds and may be used as an indicator for selection by examining its impact on performance. Strong selection for increased comb size has been shown not to affect male mortality but is linked to increased female mortality. The production traits of layers have a positive correlation with comb size. The following paper provides a review of the comb as an important ornamental trait, including its morphology, development, use as a selection tool and the effect of comb size on productive and reproductive traits.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative study of growth performance, egg production, egg characteristics and haemato-biochemical parameters ofDesi, Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red chicken

Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2012

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Production Performance, Egg Quality and Biochemical Parameters of Three Way Crossbred Chickens with Reciprocal F1Crossbred Chickens in Sub-Tropical Environment

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2013

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative study of growth performance, meat quality and haematological parameters of Fayoumi, Rhode Island Red and their reciprocal crossbred chickens

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2012

A total of 2001 unsexed day-old-chicks of each Fayoumi, Rhode Island Red (RIR), RIR × Fayoumi (RI... more A total of 2001 unsexed day-old-chicks of each Fayoumi, Rhode Island Red (RIR), RIR × Fayoumi (RIFI) and Fayoumi × RIR (FIRI) were obtained from hatchery of Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. The birds were maintained on deep litter system for a period of 20 weeks. The results revealed that the average day old weight was highest in RIR and FIRI, intermediate in RIFI and lowest in Fayoumi chickens. The RIR breed consumed more feed and gained maximum (P<0.05) weight gain than those of Fayoumi and crossbred chickens at all ages of growing phase. The poor (P<0.05) feed conversion was observed in Fayoumi and better feed conversion was recorded in RIR and both crossbred chickens. The crossbred chickens had lowest (P<0.05) mortality than purebred chickens. The highest dressing percentage was observed in FIRI (62.60) followed by RIFI (62.40%), RIR (57.50) and Fayoumi (54.08) chickens. The breast and thigh meat composition had non-significant (P>0.05) difference among pure and crossbred chickens. There was non-significant (P>0.05) difference in haematological values among all chickens. The total erythrocyte number, haemoglobin and packed cell volume increased with the advancement of age. However, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin values decreased gradually with the advancement of age. It may be concluded that crossbred chickens gained better body weight than Fayoumi and moderate than RIR chickens with lower mortality. The crossbred chickens of FIRI showed better performance in all traits than crossbred chickens of RIFI.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Intramedullary Fixation Approach to Tibiotarsal Fracture in Ostrich ( struthio camelus ) : 2 Case Report

28 Abstract Lameness is one of the most common problems of musculoskeletal injuries faced by bird... more 28 Abstract Lameness is one of the most common problems of musculoskeletal injuries faced by birds especially Ostrich (struthius camales) chicks during brooding period. Mostly it occurs due to fracture in long and their associated bones because of development of pathological condition of bone softening. In avian species, external splints and intramedullary pinning are the most common method to manipulate such injuries. In this case report, two ostrich chicks (A & B) were presented with shaft fracture of tibiotarsus of left limb. Surgery was performed for introduction of intramedullary (IM) pin to immobilize the fractured bones. Bird A was approached laterally and B medially to reach the bone. Though, the birds successfully recovered from anesthesia after surgery they couldn’t survive longer due to stress and blood loss. We concluded that medial approach is more feasible while dealing with such fractures.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Use of Organic Acids as Potential Feed Additives in Poultry Production

Research scientist at NIPH, Harper Adams University, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom Departm... more Research scientist at NIPH, Harper Adams University, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan *Corresponding author`s Email: wmirza@harper-adams.ac.uk Received: 05Aug. 2016 Accepted: 02Sep. 2016 ABSTRACT Historically organic acids (OA) have been used by humans as natural food preservatives and hygiene promoters with regard to the microbial growth and to enhance freshness and shelf-life of edible food items. This characteristic of microbial growth inhibition of OA also makes them suitable replacement to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry. OA are chemically weak acids, which prevent or completely seize the proliferation and colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of birds. Thus, reducing the competition for the nutrients as well as production of harmful microbial metabolites. This in turn improves bird’s performance and enhances the specific and ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Sex, diet density and feeding centre gene expression

# Abstract # ## Background ## Research into energy balance and growth has infrequently considered... more # Abstract # ## Background ## Research into energy balance and growth has infrequently considered genetic sex, yet there is sexual dimorphism for growth across the animal kingdom. We test the hypothesis that sexual dimorphism for growth and body weight in birds is potentially dependent on hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AGRP) expression, since previous research indicates hypothalamic AGRP expression is correlated with growth potential. Because growth has been heavily selected in some chicken lines, food restriction is necessary to improve reproductive performance and welfare, but this increases hunger. Dietary dilution has been proposed to ameliorate this undesirable effect. We aimed to distinguish the effects of gut fullness from nutritional feedback on hypothalamic gene expression and its interaction with sex. ## Methods ## Restricted-fed 12-week-old male and female fast growing chickens were released from restriction and fed ad-libitum or a diet diluted with a non-nutritive bulking agent, ispaghula husk, for 2 days. A control group remained on the quantitative restricted diet. The basal hypothalamus was then dissected and gene expression of hypothalamic satiety peptides were measured using real-time PCR. To confirm observed sex difference effects, the experiment was repeated using only ad-libitum and restricted fed broiler breeders and observations made in an unrelated breed of ad-libitum fed male and female chickens. Linear Mixed Models (Genstat 18) were used for statistical analysis with transformation where appropriate. ## Results ## There were pronounced sex differences in a fast growing chicken strain, AGRP (P<0.001) expression was higher in males. In genetically distinct chickens, males had higher AGRP mRNA (P=0.002) expression than females, suggesting sex difference was not restricted to a fast growing strain. AGRP (P<0.001) expression was significantly decreased in ad-libitum-fed birds but was high and indistinguishable between birds on a quantitative versus qualitative restricted diet. Inve [...]

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Research paper thumbnail of Does interrelationship of allopregnanolone and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone during pregnancy and postpartum depression exist? A review of the current evidence

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Nutrient Modelling to Fabricate Dairy Milk Constituents: Let Milk Serve More Than a Food Item

Dietary macro and micro nutrients in their respective proportion and fractions present a practica... more Dietary macro and micro nutrients in their respective proportion and fractions present a practical potential tool to fabricate milk constituents since cells of lactating mammary glands obtain about 80 % of milk synthesis nutrients from blood, reflecting the existence of an isotonic equilibrium between blood and milk. Diverting milk biosynthetic activities through manipulation of nutrients towards producing milk not only keeping in view its significance as natural food but also as food item which prevents or dilutes the adverse effects of some diseases (like cardiovascular problem by saturated milk fat intake) has been area of interest in the last decade. Nutritional modification / supplementation has been reported to enhance conjugated linoleic acid, fatty acid type and concentration, essential fatty acid concentration, vitamin B12& C, Se, Cu, I and Fe which are involved to counter the health threats to human well being. Synchronizing dietary nutrients aimed to modify rumen dynamics...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Gastric impaction: an important health and welfare issue of growing ostriches

Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica

Ostrich farming serves as a source for meat, feathers, skin, eggs, and oil. In general, ostriches... more Ostrich farming serves as a source for meat, feathers, skin, eggs, and oil. In general, ostriches are hardy birds that can resist a wide range of climatic harshness and some diseases. However, musculoskeletal and digestive complications, including the gastric impaction, remain the major cause of mortality. The gastrointestinal impaction alone is responsible for 30 – 46% of spontaneous deaths in growing ostriches. The literature review of 21 publications on this subject has shown that 90% of these incidents happen during first six months of life. The aetiology of this problem is mostly stress and behaviour-related gorging of feed and picking on non-feeding materials such as stone, sand, wood pieces, plastic, glass, and metallic objects. Conservative therapy or surgical approaches show good results with almost 70 to 100% recovery depending upon the clinical presentation and timely diagnosis. Overall, this literature review describes impaction in farmed ostriches, along with diagnosis,...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact