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Papers by NURHAYATI ZAINAL ABIDIN

Frontiers in Life Science, 2015

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Overp... more Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Overproduction of NO is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. Several species of Solanaceae have been used traditionally to treat inflammatory-related diseases. To analyse the possible anti-inflammatory properties of these species, the Griess assay was used to evaluate the effects of various Solanum melongena and Solanum macrocarpon extracts on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on the cell line was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Extracts that significantly inhibited NO production were further evaluated for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by Western blot. Thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the major compounds in the extracts. All extracts significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a d...

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

This study evaluates the in vitro inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 3-hydroxy... more This study evaluates the in vitro inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA) by Pleurotus pulmonarius extracts. The protective effect on the endothelial membrane against oxidative stress through the protection of nitric oxide bioavailability, as well as inhibition of endocan expression, was evaluated using human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Crude cold aqueous extract exhibited the most potent inhibitory activities against ACE and HMG-CoA reductase, with 61.79% and 44.30% inhibition, respectively. It also protected the bioavailability of NO released by HAECs, with 84.88% cell viability. The crude hot water extract was the most potent in inhibiting endocan expression, with 18.61% inhibition.

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

This is your only opportunity to review the editing, typesetting, figure placement, and correctne... more This is your only opportunity to review the editing, typesetting, figure placement, and correctness of text, tables, and figures. Answer copyeditor's queries in the margin. Failure to answer queries will result in the delay of publication of your article, so please make sure they are all adequately addressed. You will not be charged for any corrections to editorial or typesetting errors; however, you will be billed at the rate of $25 per hour of production time for rewriting, rewording, or otherwise revising the article from the version accepted for publication ("author's alterations"); any such charges will be invoiced and must be paid before the article is published.

Frontiers in Life Science, 2015

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Overp... more Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Overproduction of NO is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. Several species of Solanaceae have been used traditionally to treat inflammatory-related diseases. To analyse the possible anti-inflammatory properties of these species, the Griess assay was used to evaluate the effects of various Solanum melongena and Solanum macrocarpon extracts on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on the cell line was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Extracts that significantly inhibited NO production were further evaluated for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by Western blot. Thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the major compounds in the extracts. All extracts significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. At 200 µg/ml, ethyl acetate extract of S. macrocarpon showed the highest NO inhibition of 81%, with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 44.78 ± 0.04 µg/ml. The viability of cells treated with the extracts was greater than 80%. Ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of S. melongena, together with ethanol, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of S. macrocarpon, reduced iNOS expression significantly. At 200 µg/ml, ethyl acetate extract of S. macrocarpon inhibited iNOS protein expression by 79%. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed that fluorescent, double-bond compounds, phenols, flavonoids and terpenoids were mainly present in the extracts. Taken together, the results show the potential of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of S. melongena, and hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of S. macrocarpon, as agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.

PloS one, 2012

Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw is an endemic plant found in Peninsular Malaysia. Although there a... more Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw is an endemic plant found in Peninsular Malaysia. Although there are numerous reports on the anti cancer properties of other Phyllanthus species, published information on the cytotoxicity of P. watsonii are very limited. The present study was carried out with bioassay-guided fractionation approach to evaluate the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction capability of the P. watsonii extracts and fractions on human gynecologic (SKOV-3 and Ca Ski) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells. P. watsonii extracts exhibited strong cytotoxicity on all the cancer cells studied with IC 50 values of # 20.0 mg/mL. Hexane extract of P. watsonii was further subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and yielded 10 fractions (PW-1RPW-10). PW-4RPW-8 portrayed stronger cytotoxic activity and was further subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and resulted with 8 sub-fractions (PPWH-1RPPWH-8). PPWH-7 possessed greatest cytotoxicity (IC 50 values ranged from 0.66-0.83 mg/mL) and was selective on the cancer cells studied. LC-MS/MS analysis of PPWH-7 revealed the presence of ellagic acid, geranic acid, glochidone, betulin, phyllanthin and sterol glucoside. Marked morphological changes, ladder-like appearance of DNA and increment in caspase-3 activity indicating apoptosis were clearly observed in both human gynecologic and colon cancer cells treated with P. watsonii especially with PPWH-7. The study also indicated that P. watsonii extracts arrested cell cycle at different growth phases in SKOV-3, Ca Ski and HT-29 cells. Cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of the endemic P. watsonii was investigated for the first time by bioassay-guided approach. These results demonstrated that P. watsonii selectively inhibits the growth of SKOV-3, Ca Ski and HT-29 cells through apoptosis induction and cell cycle modulation. Hence, P. watsonii has the potential to be further exploited for the discovery and development of new anti cancer drugs.

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 2013

Species of Phyllanthus have traditionally been used for hundreds of years for treating many ailme... more Species of Phyllanthus have traditionally been used for hundreds of years for treating many ailments including diabetes, anemia, bronchitis and hepatitis. The present study aims to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of methanol (PWM), hexane (PWH) and ethyl acetate (PWE) extracts from the leaves of the endemic plant Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw (Phyllanthaceae) on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. We observed that the PWM, PWH and PWE extracts were cytotoxic and selectively inhibited the growth and proliferation of MCF-7 cells compared to untreated control in a dose dependent manner with an IC(50) of 12.7 ± 4.65, 7.9 ± 0.60 and 7.7 ± 0.29 μg/ml, respectively. However, the extracts were not toxic at these concentrations to normal human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. Cell death induced by PWM, PWH and PWE extracts were mainly due to apoptosis which was characterized by apoptotic morphological changes and a nuclear DNA fragmentation. Caspase-3 activation following P. watsonii extracts treatment was also evident for apoptotic cell death which was preceded by an S phase cell cycle perturbation. The results suggested that the cytotoxic activity of P. watsonii extracts was related to an early event of cell cycle perturbation and a later event of apoptosis. Hence, P. watsonii displays potential to be further exploited in the discovery and development of new anticancer agents.

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012

Zingiberaceae plants exhibit various biological activities, but scientific knowledge of the plant... more Zingiberaceae plants exhibit various biological activities, but scientific knowledge of the plants in antimetastatic aspects is still very limited. The objective of this study is to examine the anti-metastatic potentials of 30 crude extracts from ten selected local Zingiberaceae species on hormone-independent, highly metastatic human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231. The Zingiberaceae rhizomes were extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol using Soxhlet extractor system. Effects of the 30 extracts on proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and scratch wound assay, respectively. Besides cytotoxicity, it is also vital to determine the potential toxicity of the extract in order to select the most promising extracts for anti-cancer drugs development. Thus, a special parameter-Selectivity Index (SX) was utilized as the selectivity indicator of tested extracts towards tumour cells. The results revealed that petroleum ether extracts of Alpinia galanga, Boesenbergia rotunda, and Zingiber zerumbet; as well as chloroform extracts of Alpinia galanga, Boesenbergia rotunda, and Curcuma domestica were screened to possess the most effective anti-proliferation and anti-migration activities against MDA-MB-231 cells. Three most desirable extracts were selected based on both their anti-metastatic potentials and SX, and were subjected for qualitative analysis using thin-layer chromatography (TLC).

Frontiers in Life Science, 2015

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Overp... more Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Overproduction of NO is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. Several species of Solanaceae have been used traditionally to treat inflammatory-related diseases. To analyse the possible anti-inflammatory properties of these species, the Griess assay was used to evaluate the effects of various Solanum melongena and Solanum macrocarpon extracts on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on the cell line was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Extracts that significantly inhibited NO production were further evaluated for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by Western blot. Thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the major compounds in the extracts. All extracts significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a d...

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

This study evaluates the in vitro inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 3-hydroxy... more This study evaluates the in vitro inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA) by Pleurotus pulmonarius extracts. The protective effect on the endothelial membrane against oxidative stress through the protection of nitric oxide bioavailability, as well as inhibition of endocan expression, was evaluated using human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Crude cold aqueous extract exhibited the most potent inhibitory activities against ACE and HMG-CoA reductase, with 61.79% and 44.30% inhibition, respectively. It also protected the bioavailability of NO released by HAECs, with 84.88% cell viability. The crude hot water extract was the most potent in inhibiting endocan expression, with 18.61% inhibition.

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

This is your only opportunity to review the editing, typesetting, figure placement, and correctne... more This is your only opportunity to review the editing, typesetting, figure placement, and correctness of text, tables, and figures. Answer copyeditor's queries in the margin. Failure to answer queries will result in the delay of publication of your article, so please make sure they are all adequately addressed. You will not be charged for any corrections to editorial or typesetting errors; however, you will be billed at the rate of $25 per hour of production time for rewriting, rewording, or otherwise revising the article from the version accepted for publication ("author's alterations"); any such charges will be invoiced and must be paid before the article is published.

Frontiers in Life Science, 2015

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Overp... more Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Overproduction of NO is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. Several species of Solanaceae have been used traditionally to treat inflammatory-related diseases. To analyse the possible anti-inflammatory properties of these species, the Griess assay was used to evaluate the effects of various Solanum melongena and Solanum macrocarpon extracts on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on the cell line was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Extracts that significantly inhibited NO production were further evaluated for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by Western blot. Thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the major compounds in the extracts. All extracts significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. At 200 µg/ml, ethyl acetate extract of S. macrocarpon showed the highest NO inhibition of 81%, with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 44.78 ± 0.04 µg/ml. The viability of cells treated with the extracts was greater than 80%. Ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of S. melongena, together with ethanol, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of S. macrocarpon, reduced iNOS expression significantly. At 200 µg/ml, ethyl acetate extract of S. macrocarpon inhibited iNOS protein expression by 79%. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed that fluorescent, double-bond compounds, phenols, flavonoids and terpenoids were mainly present in the extracts. Taken together, the results show the potential of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of S. melongena, and hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of S. macrocarpon, as agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.

PloS one, 2012

Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw is an endemic plant found in Peninsular Malaysia. Although there a... more Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw is an endemic plant found in Peninsular Malaysia. Although there are numerous reports on the anti cancer properties of other Phyllanthus species, published information on the cytotoxicity of P. watsonii are very limited. The present study was carried out with bioassay-guided fractionation approach to evaluate the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction capability of the P. watsonii extracts and fractions on human gynecologic (SKOV-3 and Ca Ski) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells. P. watsonii extracts exhibited strong cytotoxicity on all the cancer cells studied with IC 50 values of # 20.0 mg/mL. Hexane extract of P. watsonii was further subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and yielded 10 fractions (PW-1RPW-10). PW-4RPW-8 portrayed stronger cytotoxic activity and was further subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and resulted with 8 sub-fractions (PPWH-1RPPWH-8). PPWH-7 possessed greatest cytotoxicity (IC 50 values ranged from 0.66-0.83 mg/mL) and was selective on the cancer cells studied. LC-MS/MS analysis of PPWH-7 revealed the presence of ellagic acid, geranic acid, glochidone, betulin, phyllanthin and sterol glucoside. Marked morphological changes, ladder-like appearance of DNA and increment in caspase-3 activity indicating apoptosis were clearly observed in both human gynecologic and colon cancer cells treated with P. watsonii especially with PPWH-7. The study also indicated that P. watsonii extracts arrested cell cycle at different growth phases in SKOV-3, Ca Ski and HT-29 cells. Cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of the endemic P. watsonii was investigated for the first time by bioassay-guided approach. These results demonstrated that P. watsonii selectively inhibits the growth of SKOV-3, Ca Ski and HT-29 cells through apoptosis induction and cell cycle modulation. Hence, P. watsonii has the potential to be further exploited for the discovery and development of new anti cancer drugs.

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 2013

Species of Phyllanthus have traditionally been used for hundreds of years for treating many ailme... more Species of Phyllanthus have traditionally been used for hundreds of years for treating many ailments including diabetes, anemia, bronchitis and hepatitis. The present study aims to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of methanol (PWM), hexane (PWH) and ethyl acetate (PWE) extracts from the leaves of the endemic plant Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw (Phyllanthaceae) on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. We observed that the PWM, PWH and PWE extracts were cytotoxic and selectively inhibited the growth and proliferation of MCF-7 cells compared to untreated control in a dose dependent manner with an IC(50) of 12.7 ± 4.65, 7.9 ± 0.60 and 7.7 ± 0.29 μg/ml, respectively. However, the extracts were not toxic at these concentrations to normal human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. Cell death induced by PWM, PWH and PWE extracts were mainly due to apoptosis which was characterized by apoptotic morphological changes and a nuclear DNA fragmentation. Caspase-3 activation following P. watsonii extracts treatment was also evident for apoptotic cell death which was preceded by an S phase cell cycle perturbation. The results suggested that the cytotoxic activity of P. watsonii extracts was related to an early event of cell cycle perturbation and a later event of apoptosis. Hence, P. watsonii displays potential to be further exploited in the discovery and development of new anticancer agents.

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012

Zingiberaceae plants exhibit various biological activities, but scientific knowledge of the plant... more Zingiberaceae plants exhibit various biological activities, but scientific knowledge of the plants in antimetastatic aspects is still very limited. The objective of this study is to examine the anti-metastatic potentials of 30 crude extracts from ten selected local Zingiberaceae species on hormone-independent, highly metastatic human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231. The Zingiberaceae rhizomes were extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol using Soxhlet extractor system. Effects of the 30 extracts on proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and scratch wound assay, respectively. Besides cytotoxicity, it is also vital to determine the potential toxicity of the extract in order to select the most promising extracts for anti-cancer drugs development. Thus, a special parameter-Selectivity Index (SX) was utilized as the selectivity indicator of tested extracts towards tumour cells. The results revealed that petroleum ether extracts of Alpinia galanga, Boesenbergia rotunda, and Zingiber zerumbet; as well as chloroform extracts of Alpinia galanga, Boesenbergia rotunda, and Curcuma domestica were screened to possess the most effective anti-proliferation and anti-migration activities against MDA-MB-231 cells. Three most desirable extracts were selected based on both their anti-metastatic potentials and SX, and were subjected for qualitative analysis using thin-layer chromatography (TLC).