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Papers by Nacarid Delgado
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
Industrial Crops and Products
Industrial Crops and Products
Waste and Biomass Valorization
Clay Minerals
ABSTRACTChemical modification of kraft lignin from Pinus caribaea (Sénécl.) W.H.G. was performed ... more ABSTRACTChemical modification of kraft lignin from Pinus caribaea (Sénécl.) W.H.G. was performed with cyclic anhydrides (succinic, maleic and glutaric) assisted by microwave radiation. Esterification of the lignin was proven by the mass increase and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Aqueous suspensions of bentonite were prepared using unmodified lignin and the corresponding derivatives as dispersants. Suspensions were evaluated in term of stability, viscosity and dispersibility. The esterified derivatives showed better dispersing properties than the neat lignin because the derivatives-based suspensions were less viscous. The dispersing properties of lignin and the esterified derivatives were compared with those of a high-molecular-weight lignin fraction obtained by ultrafiltration. In addition, two commercial lignosulfonate dispersants commonly used for drilling muds were used as references. The high-molecular-weight esterified derivatives proved to be better dispersan...
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering
Revista Tecnica De La Facultad De Ingenieria Universidad Del Zulia, Nov 1, 2007
En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las propiedades tensoactivas de las fracciones obtenidas me-... more En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las propiedades tensoactivas de las fracciones obtenidas me-diante degradación oxidativa asistida poi-microondas con peróxido de hidrógeno de dos ligninas de pino IiAA y LKMI. Las reacciones fueron Ilev;idas a callo en recipientes ...
Xi Congreso Venezolano De Quimica, May 21, 2013
Revista Iberoamericana De Polimeros, 2015
Xi Congreso Venezolano De Quimica, May 17, 2013
Eva lua tion of oil-in-wa ter emul sions with non-io nic and anio nic sur fac tants mix tu res fo... more Eva lua tion of oil-in-wa ter emul sions with non-io nic and anio nic sur fac tants mix tu res for po ten tial use in the oil in dustry Na ca rid Del ga do*, Fredy Ysam bertt*, Car la Mon tiel, Ger son Chá vez, Ana Cá ce res, Bél gi ca Bra vo and Nel son Már quez La bo ra to rio de Pe tro quí mi ca y Sur fac tan tes, De par ta men to de Quí mi ca, Fa cul tad Expe ri men tal de Cien cias, Uni ver si dad del Zu lia. Ma ra cai bo 526, Ve ne zue la.
Revista Técnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad del Zulia
In this work the fractions obtained by microwave-assisted oxidative degradation with hydrogen per... more In this work the fractions obtained by microwave-assisted oxidative degradation with hydrogen peroxide of two pine lignins (LAA y LKM) and its tensoactive properties were studied. The reactions were carried out using different quantities of the oxidant agent in a domestic microwave oven in closed reactors. The reaction was completed quickly with the generation of water as by-product. The oxidation products were characterized by UV and FTIR spectroscopy. When comparing them with the original lignin samples in UV analysis, the absorption decreased near the 280nmdue to the oxidation of the aromatic rings. In the analysis by FTIR the signals corresponding to the groups C=O increased among 1,700-1,720 cm1 and 1,650-1,700 cm1 attributed to the oxidation of the lateral chains and aromatic rings, respectively. This results were evidenced because of the aromatic signal C=C around the 1,600 cm1 decreased. It was proven the efficiency and versatility of the radiation microwaves to carry out...
The crude oil in water emulsions have been used to produce and to transport heavy hydrocarbons. M... more The crude oil in water emulsions have been used to produce and to transport heavy hydrocarbons. More stability and less viscosity than the emulsions prepared with an only surfactant was obtained for the crude oil in water emulsions prepared with non-ionic and anionic surfactant mixtures, in previous stud-ies. The stability of these emulsions could be increased, adding short chain amines. In this work, the effect of aliphatic short chain amines in the stability and the rheological properties of heavy crude oil in water emulsions, prepared at crude oil/water relationship of 70/30, is discussed. Polyethoxylated non-ionic surfactants were used, individually or in a mixture with an anionic surfactant of aryl benzene sulfonate type. Aliphatic short chain amines of 2, 4 and 6 atoms of carbon were used as co-surfactants, so much of lineal chain and ramified chain. The results showed that the primary amines of lineal chain produce more stable emulsions and with more viscosity that the emulsi...
Revista Técnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad del Zulia
The crude oil in water emulsions have been used to produce and to transport heavy hydrocarbons. M... more The crude oil in water emulsions have been used to produce and to transport heavy hydrocarbons. More stability and less viscosity than the emulsions prepared with an only surfactant was obtained for the crude oil in water emulsions prepared with non-ionic and anionic surfactant mixtures, in previous studies. The stability of these emulsions could be increased, adding short chain amines. In this work, the effect of aliphatic short chain amines in the stability and the rheological properties of heavy crude oil in water emulsions, prepared at crude oil/water relationship of 70/30, is discussed. Polyethoxylated non-ionic surfactants were used, individually or in a mixture with an anionic surfactant of aryl benzene sulfonate type. Aliphatic short chain amines of 2, 4 and 6 atoms of carbon were used as co-surfactants, so much of lineal chain and ramified chain. The results showed that the primary amines of lineal chain produce more stable emulsions and with more viscosity that the emulsio...
Revista Técnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad del Zulia
Eva lua tion of oil-in-wa ter emul sions with non-io nic and anio nic sur fac tants mix tu res fo... more Eva lua tion of oil-in-wa ter emul sions with non-io nic and anio nic sur fac tants mix tu res for po ten tial use in the oil in dustry Na ca rid Del ga do*, Fredy Ysam bertt*, Car la Mon tiel, Ger son Chá vez, Ana Cá ce res, Bél gi ca Bra vo and Nel son Már quez La bo ra to rio de Pe tro quí mi ca y Sur fac tan tes, De par ta men to de Quí mi ca, Fa cul tad Expe ri men tal de Cien cias, Uni ver si dad del Zu lia. Ma ra cai bo 526, Ve ne zue la.
Resumen Los ácidos grasos pueden dar origen a la formación de una especie iónica con característi... more Resumen Los ácidos grasos pueden dar origen a la formación de una especie iónica con características anfifilicas que disminuye la tensión interfacial de un sistema agua/crudo. El tipo de contraión de estas especies juega un papel fundamental en las propiedades tensoactivas del compuesto. En función a ello, se estudió la influencia del contraión de la sal del ácido hexadecanoico (C16) obten-ido al reaccionar este compuesto con NaOH y ciclohexil amina para obtener como productos hexa-decanoato de sodio (NaC16) y hexadecanoato de ciclohexil amonio (CicloC16). Se evaluó el compor-tamiento de estas especies en las propiedades de las emulsiones de agua en crudo Boscán formula-das a diferentes proporciones. En ambos tensoactivos se encontraron emulsiones estables, de fase externa crudo, polidispersas, baja viscosidad (5000 cP) con respecto a la del crudo original (100,000 cP) con un intervalo de diámetro promedio de tamaño de gota (8,04-43,46 µm) y con un alto porcentaje de crudo como fase...
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
Industrial Crops and Products
Industrial Crops and Products
Waste and Biomass Valorization
Clay Minerals
ABSTRACTChemical modification of kraft lignin from Pinus caribaea (Sénécl.) W.H.G. was performed ... more ABSTRACTChemical modification of kraft lignin from Pinus caribaea (Sénécl.) W.H.G. was performed with cyclic anhydrides (succinic, maleic and glutaric) assisted by microwave radiation. Esterification of the lignin was proven by the mass increase and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Aqueous suspensions of bentonite were prepared using unmodified lignin and the corresponding derivatives as dispersants. Suspensions were evaluated in term of stability, viscosity and dispersibility. The esterified derivatives showed better dispersing properties than the neat lignin because the derivatives-based suspensions were less viscous. The dispersing properties of lignin and the esterified derivatives were compared with those of a high-molecular-weight lignin fraction obtained by ultrafiltration. In addition, two commercial lignosulfonate dispersants commonly used for drilling muds were used as references. The high-molecular-weight esterified derivatives proved to be better dispersan...
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering
Revista Tecnica De La Facultad De Ingenieria Universidad Del Zulia, Nov 1, 2007
En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las propiedades tensoactivas de las fracciones obtenidas me-... more En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las propiedades tensoactivas de las fracciones obtenidas me-diante degradación oxidativa asistida poi-microondas con peróxido de hidrógeno de dos ligninas de pino IiAA y LKMI. Las reacciones fueron Ilev;idas a callo en recipientes ...
Xi Congreso Venezolano De Quimica, May 21, 2013
Revista Iberoamericana De Polimeros, 2015
Xi Congreso Venezolano De Quimica, May 17, 2013
Eva lua tion of oil-in-wa ter emul sions with non-io nic and anio nic sur fac tants mix tu res fo... more Eva lua tion of oil-in-wa ter emul sions with non-io nic and anio nic sur fac tants mix tu res for po ten tial use in the oil in dustry Na ca rid Del ga do*, Fredy Ysam bertt*, Car la Mon tiel, Ger son Chá vez, Ana Cá ce res, Bél gi ca Bra vo and Nel son Már quez La bo ra to rio de Pe tro quí mi ca y Sur fac tan tes, De par ta men to de Quí mi ca, Fa cul tad Expe ri men tal de Cien cias, Uni ver si dad del Zu lia. Ma ra cai bo 526, Ve ne zue la.
Revista Técnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad del Zulia
In this work the fractions obtained by microwave-assisted oxidative degradation with hydrogen per... more In this work the fractions obtained by microwave-assisted oxidative degradation with hydrogen peroxide of two pine lignins (LAA y LKM) and its tensoactive properties were studied. The reactions were carried out using different quantities of the oxidant agent in a domestic microwave oven in closed reactors. The reaction was completed quickly with the generation of water as by-product. The oxidation products were characterized by UV and FTIR spectroscopy. When comparing them with the original lignin samples in UV analysis, the absorption decreased near the 280nmdue to the oxidation of the aromatic rings. In the analysis by FTIR the signals corresponding to the groups C=O increased among 1,700-1,720 cm1 and 1,650-1,700 cm1 attributed to the oxidation of the lateral chains and aromatic rings, respectively. This results were evidenced because of the aromatic signal C=C around the 1,600 cm1 decreased. It was proven the efficiency and versatility of the radiation microwaves to carry out...
The crude oil in water emulsions have been used to produce and to transport heavy hydrocarbons. M... more The crude oil in water emulsions have been used to produce and to transport heavy hydrocarbons. More stability and less viscosity than the emulsions prepared with an only surfactant was obtained for the crude oil in water emulsions prepared with non-ionic and anionic surfactant mixtures, in previous stud-ies. The stability of these emulsions could be increased, adding short chain amines. In this work, the effect of aliphatic short chain amines in the stability and the rheological properties of heavy crude oil in water emulsions, prepared at crude oil/water relationship of 70/30, is discussed. Polyethoxylated non-ionic surfactants were used, individually or in a mixture with an anionic surfactant of aryl benzene sulfonate type. Aliphatic short chain amines of 2, 4 and 6 atoms of carbon were used as co-surfactants, so much of lineal chain and ramified chain. The results showed that the primary amines of lineal chain produce more stable emulsions and with more viscosity that the emulsi...
Revista Técnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad del Zulia
The crude oil in water emulsions have been used to produce and to transport heavy hydrocarbons. M... more The crude oil in water emulsions have been used to produce and to transport heavy hydrocarbons. More stability and less viscosity than the emulsions prepared with an only surfactant was obtained for the crude oil in water emulsions prepared with non-ionic and anionic surfactant mixtures, in previous studies. The stability of these emulsions could be increased, adding short chain amines. In this work, the effect of aliphatic short chain amines in the stability and the rheological properties of heavy crude oil in water emulsions, prepared at crude oil/water relationship of 70/30, is discussed. Polyethoxylated non-ionic surfactants were used, individually or in a mixture with an anionic surfactant of aryl benzene sulfonate type. Aliphatic short chain amines of 2, 4 and 6 atoms of carbon were used as co-surfactants, so much of lineal chain and ramified chain. The results showed that the primary amines of lineal chain produce more stable emulsions and with more viscosity that the emulsio...
Revista Técnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad del Zulia
Eva lua tion of oil-in-wa ter emul sions with non-io nic and anio nic sur fac tants mix tu res fo... more Eva lua tion of oil-in-wa ter emul sions with non-io nic and anio nic sur fac tants mix tu res for po ten tial use in the oil in dustry Na ca rid Del ga do*, Fredy Ysam bertt*, Car la Mon tiel, Ger son Chá vez, Ana Cá ce res, Bél gi ca Bra vo and Nel son Már quez La bo ra to rio de Pe tro quí mi ca y Sur fac tan tes, De par ta men to de Quí mi ca, Fa cul tad Expe ri men tal de Cien cias, Uni ver si dad del Zu lia. Ma ra cai bo 526, Ve ne zue la.
Resumen Los ácidos grasos pueden dar origen a la formación de una especie iónica con característi... more Resumen Los ácidos grasos pueden dar origen a la formación de una especie iónica con características anfifilicas que disminuye la tensión interfacial de un sistema agua/crudo. El tipo de contraión de estas especies juega un papel fundamental en las propiedades tensoactivas del compuesto. En función a ello, se estudió la influencia del contraión de la sal del ácido hexadecanoico (C16) obten-ido al reaccionar este compuesto con NaOH y ciclohexil amina para obtener como productos hexa-decanoato de sodio (NaC16) y hexadecanoato de ciclohexil amonio (CicloC16). Se evaluó el compor-tamiento de estas especies en las propiedades de las emulsiones de agua en crudo Boscán formula-das a diferentes proporciones. En ambos tensoactivos se encontraron emulsiones estables, de fase externa crudo, polidispersas, baja viscosidad (5000 cP) con respecto a la del crudo original (100,000 cP) con un intervalo de diámetro promedio de tamaño de gota (8,04-43,46 µm) y con un alto porcentaje de crudo como fase...