Nadia Chakroun - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Nadia Chakroun
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology
Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive
L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'évaluer les sept... more L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'évaluer les sept dimensions de la personnalité définies par C. Cloninger dans son modèle psychobiologique. Une version courte de ce questionnaire à 125 items a été traduite dans plusieurs langues et notamment en français par Pélissolo et coll. (1996). L'objectif de cette étude est de vérifier la structure factorielle de cette version abrégée dans un échantillon de jeunes adultes français. Les analyses factorielles ont montré que le TCI-125 évaluait bien les 4 traits de tempérament (recherche de nouveauté, évitement du danger, dépendance à la récompense et persistance) et les trois traits de caractère (autodétermination, coopération et transcendance) inventoriés dans le TCI-226. Les cohérences internes trouvées sont généralement élevées et les scores du tempérament et du caractère de la version courte possèdent les mêmes associations avec l'âge et le sexe que le questionnaire original.
Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique
Fréquence de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite B chez les malades hémodialysés du CHU
Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 2014
Validation de la version franç aise du « Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire » (BMQ) auprès de ... more Validation de la version franç aise du « Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire » (BMQ) auprès de patients diabétiques et de patients atteints du VIH E. Fall a , A. Gauchet b, * , M. Izaute c,d , R. Horne e , N. Chakroun c,d a APEMAC UE 4360 research department, psychological and epidemiological approaches to chronic diseases, health psychology,
Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive
RÉSUMÉ : L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'... more RÉSUMÉ : L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'évaluer les sept dimensions de la personnalité définies par C. Cloninger dans son modèle psychobiologique. Une version courte de ce questionnaire à 125 items a été traduite dans plusieurs langues et notamment en français par Pélissolo et coll. (1996). L'objectif de cette étude est de vérifier la structure factorielle de cette version abrégée dans un échan-tillon de jeunes adultes français. Les analyses factorielles ont montré que le TCI-125 évaluait bien les 4 traits de tempérament (recherche de nouveauté, évitement du danger, dépendance à la récompense et persistance) et les trois traits de caractère (autodétermination, coopération et transcendance) inventoriés dans le TCI-226. Les cohérences internes trouvées sont généralement élevées et les scores du tempérament et du caractère de la version courte possèdent les mêmes associations avec l'âge et le sexe que le questionnaire or...
L'Encéphale
The International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology has confirmed the high comorbidity in co... more The International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology has confirmed the high comorbidity in community-drawn samples between substance use disorders and anxiety or depression. In the same way, associations between substance use and specific personality traits (such as novelty seeking, harm avoidance or antisocial personality) have also been extensively documented. Self-medication and social deviance are among the most commonly evoked explanatory models for these forms of comorbidity, and are based on findings that affective disorders and specific personality traits often precede the onset of substance use disorders. The self-medication model postulates that an individual chooses a specific substance according to its psychopharmacologic action on the given psychological state of the person. By contrast, the social deviance model posits that this form of comorbidity is due to the fact that persons consuming certain substances may have affective or personality characteristics that ar...
L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'évaluer les sept... more L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'évaluer les sept dimensions de la personnalité définies par C. Cloninger dans son modèle psychobiologique. Une version courte de ce questionnaire à 125 items a été traduite dans plusieurs langues et notamment en français par Pélissolo et coll. (1996). L'objectif de cette étude est de vérifier la structure factorielle de cette version abrégée dans un échantillon de jeunes adultes français. Les analyses factorielles ont montré que le TCI-125 évaluait bien les 4 traits de tempérament (recherche de nouveauté, évitement du danger, dépendance à la récompense et persistance) et les trois traits de caractère (autodétermination, coopération et transcendance) inventoriés dans le TCI-226. Les cohérences internes trouvées sont généralement élevées et les scores du tempérament et du caractère de la version courte possèdent les mêmes associations avec l'âge et le sexe que le questionnaire original.
Timing & Time Perception, 2014
The aim of our studies was to design a Metacognitive Questionnaire on Time (MQT) that assesses in... more The aim of our studies was to design a Metacognitive Questionnaire on Time (MQT) that assesses inter-individual variations in the awareness of factors affecting the experience of the passage of time. In the first study, 532 young adults were asked to reply to an initial questionnaire consisting of 106 questions relating to many different factors (e.g., psychostimulant, body temperature, age, attention) that could affect how time is perceived. Factorial analyses allowed us to extract two discriminant factors, one relating to attention and the other to emotion. The second study sought to validate the final 24-item questionnaire by gathering data from 212 university students. Confirmatory Factorial Analyses (AMOS) showed that the MQT has the same two-factor structure. The third study assessed the construct validity of the MQT by measuring the correlation between the MQT scores and the scores with other questionnaires measuring close or different constructs. In sum, these studies enable...
Teaching and Teacher Education, 2010
This research evaluates the impact of a training programme on trainee physics and chemistry teach... more This research evaluates the impact of a training programme on trainee physics and chemistry teachers, focusing on the way pupils' explanations are dealt with during teacher-pupil interaction. The population is composed of 10 teachers and 303 pupils, from which the experimental sample was taken (8 teachers and 172 pupils). The qualitative analysis of the recordings of the sessions shows that teachers, after training, are more ready to take pupils' productions into account, use a greater number of appropriate arguments, and are more frequently aware of pupils' misconceptions. A quantitative analysis of the achievement of pupils whose teachers followed the complete programme indicates that pupil outcomes improve. The conditions required for this training to be effective are also explored.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2010
Mood and personality-based vulnerabilities have been extensively examined in patients with substa... more Mood and personality-based vulnerabilities have been extensively examined in patients with substance use disorders, but their relevance as models of etiology remains to be fully investigated. The present investigation examined mood and personality-based models of substance use in a nonclinical sample of young adults. Two-hundred and twelve individuals were assessed for personality and clinical characteristics and participated in computerized ambulatory monitoring of mood states and substance use over a 1-week period. Personality factors were strong predictors of substance use frequency over the previous 30 days, as well as of substance use in daily life using ambulatory monitoring. A linear increase was also observed in the intensity of novelty seeking and antisocial personality traits as a function of the social deviance of substances used. However, mood disorder history was related only to the use of illicit drugs other than cannabis, and fluctuations in mood states did not prospectively predict daily use of substances in a manner consistent with self-medication. Moreover, there was little evidence that personality characteristics moderated relations between mood states and substance use in daily life. The relevance of results for mood and personality models of substance use etiology is discussed.
Nursing & Health Sciences, 2013
This French study explored nurses&amp... more This French study explored nurses' involvement in patient education for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The study design was qualitative. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 hospital nurses. Data analysis was performed according to Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological method, and supported by specific qualitative analysis software (Sphinx). The results showed the important role of hospital nurses in rheumatoid arthritis care. Patient education is a core part of nurses' work, allowing them to give patients information and emotional support. The interviewees displayed skills in helping patients learn to care for themselves. However, patient education mostly concerned patients who are already committed to their health care. Non-adherent patients warrant special attention; their acceptance of their disease, perceptions about disease and treatment, motivation, and autonomy should be specifically addressed. French nurses could benefit from more training, and could be aided by psychologists. Ambulatory services could also be developed for patient education in France, based on examples from other countries.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 2009
A prospective study assessed the outcome in a sample of 122 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of ... more A prospective study assessed the outcome in a sample of 122 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition alcohol-dependent patients in primary care. Standardized questionnaires collected clinical, social, and management data during 875 visits over an 18-month follow-up. A time-event analysis identified outcome predictors. Forty-three percent of patients attempted at least one detoxification during follow-up, one out of three in a hospital. Despite a very high relapse rate (83%), only 14% of the patients attempted a repeated abstinence. Longest and cumulative durations of abstinence appeared to be very close, corresponding to 29% of the follow-up time. The frequency of visits (risk ratio [RR] = 1.08) and visits addressing alcohol consumption (RR = 1.73) significantly lead to detoxification. In this French sample, management by the general practitioners appears to be a positive predictor of outcome in alcohol dependence. Future research could (a) enlighten the relationship between detoxification and frequency or circumstances of the visits and (b) tell whether formal planned follow-up by general practice physicians could improve outcome in alcohol dependence.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 2009
A prospective study assessed the outcome in a sample of 122 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of ... more A prospective study assessed the outcome in a sample of 122 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition alcohol-dependent patients in primary care. Standardized questionnaires collected clinical, social, and management data during 875 visits over an 18-month follow-up. A time–event analysis identified outcome predictors. Forty-three percent of patients attempted at least one detoxification during follow-up, one out of
Diabetes & Metabolism, 2013
Diabetes perceptions, acceptance and treatment motivation are changeable factors of adherence. Th... more Diabetes perceptions, acceptance and treatment motivation are changeable factors of adherence. This study aimed to test the effects of brief psychological interventions based on diabetes threat and mastery perceptions in terms of adherence, acceptance and motivation. Physicians may find such interventions useful during a 15-minute consultation with diabetes patients. This randomized controlled study included 80 patients with type 2 diabetes, recruited from the hospital diabetes department, who were randomly assigned to four intervention groups based on autobiographical recall. Those in the two intervention groups were asked to recall diabetic events based on mastery and threat perceptions, respectively, whereas those in the two control groups recalled non-diabetic events based on positive and negative emotions, respectively. Following this, all participants completed validated self-questionnaires assessing diabetes perceptions, acceptance, treatment motivation and adherence. Patients in the threat group reported less adherence (P<0.01) and less avoidance (P<0.05), and perceived diabetes as less threatening (P<0.05) than those in the mastery group. Similar results were obtained when the threat group was compared with its matched negative-emotion control group (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P=0.087, respectively). Patients in the mastery group reported feeling a stronger sense of mastery (P<0.05) than those in their positive-emotion control group and greater treatment acceptance than those in the threat group (P<0.01). Contrary to conventional medical belief, discussing threatening personal events with patients can yield positive results. Health professionals should take threat and mastery perceptions of diabetes into account during regular consultations with a view to improving treatment acceptance and adherence. With this brief intervention of type 2 diabetes patients, it was also more effective to alleviate their emotional difficulties than to enhance their perception of mastery.
Psychology of Addictive …, 2010
Mood and personality-based vulnerabilities have been extensively examined in patients with substa... more Mood and personality-based vulnerabilities have been extensively examined in patients with substance use disorders, but their relevance as models of etiology remains to be fully investigated. The present investigation examined mood and personality-based models of substance use in a nonclinical sample of young adults. Two-hundred and twelve individuals were assessed for personality and clinical characteristics and participated in computerized ambulatory monitoring of mood states and substance use over a 1-week period. Personality factors were strong predictors of substance use frequency over the previous 30 days, as well as of substance use in daily life using ambulatory monitoring. A linear increase was also observed in the intensity of novelty seeking and antisocial personality traits as a function of the social deviance of substances used. However, mood disorder history was related only to the use of illicit drugs other than cannabis, and fluctuations in mood states did not prospectively predict daily use of substances in a manner consistent with self-medication. Moreover, there was little evidence that personality characteristics moderated relations between mood states and substance use in daily life. The relevance of results for mood and personality models of substance use etiology is discussed.
Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique, 2007
Pour comprendre l'étiologie de l'alcoolisme et des addictions aux autres drogues, il est nécessai... more Pour comprendre l'étiologie de l'alcoolisme et des addictions aux autres drogues, il est nécessaire de connaître la fréquence d'utilisation des substances dans des cohortes de jeunes adultes et le rôle des vulnérabilités spécifiques qui peuvent expliquer le développement de tels troubles. Nous nous proposons d'examiner ces questions à partir d'un large échantillon d'étudiants et porterons une attention particulière au facteur de risque qu'est la comorbidité. Concernant leur utilisation récente de substances, 1 517 participants ont fourni des informations, et les sous-groupes représentatifs des utilisateurs fréquents ont ensuite suivi un entretien clinique. Nos résultats indiquent le maintien des tendances observées depuis 2000 concernant la stabilisation de l'utilisation d'alcool, la diminution du tabac et l'augmentation de la consommation de cannabis chez des jeunes du même âge. Le pourcentage de troubles psychiatriques était généralement plus élevé dans les groupes consommant des substances que dans le groupe témoin, mais ces différences étaient significatives uniquement pour les consommateurs des substances les plus illicites. Ces résultats sont discutés en termes de facteurs de risque pour les troubles liés à l'utilisation de substances ainsi que leurs conséquences sur la prévention.
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology
Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive
L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'évaluer les sept... more L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'évaluer les sept dimensions de la personnalité définies par C. Cloninger dans son modèle psychobiologique. Une version courte de ce questionnaire à 125 items a été traduite dans plusieurs langues et notamment en français par Pélissolo et coll. (1996). L'objectif de cette étude est de vérifier la structure factorielle de cette version abrégée dans un échantillon de jeunes adultes français. Les analyses factorielles ont montré que le TCI-125 évaluait bien les 4 traits de tempérament (recherche de nouveauté, évitement du danger, dépendance à la récompense et persistance) et les trois traits de caractère (autodétermination, coopération et transcendance) inventoriés dans le TCI-226. Les cohérences internes trouvées sont généralement élevées et les scores du tempérament et du caractère de la version courte possèdent les mêmes associations avec l'âge et le sexe que le questionnaire original.
Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique
Fréquence de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite B chez les malades hémodialysés du CHU
Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 2014
Validation de la version franç aise du « Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire » (BMQ) auprès de ... more Validation de la version franç aise du « Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire » (BMQ) auprès de patients diabétiques et de patients atteints du VIH E. Fall a , A. Gauchet b, * , M. Izaute c,d , R. Horne e , N. Chakroun c,d a APEMAC UE 4360 research department, psychological and epidemiological approaches to chronic diseases, health psychology,
Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive
RÉSUMÉ : L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'... more RÉSUMÉ : L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'évaluer les sept dimensions de la personnalité définies par C. Cloninger dans son modèle psychobiologique. Une version courte de ce questionnaire à 125 items a été traduite dans plusieurs langues et notamment en français par Pélissolo et coll. (1996). L'objectif de cette étude est de vérifier la structure factorielle de cette version abrégée dans un échan-tillon de jeunes adultes français. Les analyses factorielles ont montré que le TCI-125 évaluait bien les 4 traits de tempérament (recherche de nouveauté, évitement du danger, dépendance à la récompense et persistance) et les trois traits de caractère (autodétermination, coopération et transcendance) inventoriés dans le TCI-226. Les cohérences internes trouvées sont généralement élevées et les scores du tempérament et du caractère de la version courte possèdent les mêmes associations avec l'âge et le sexe que le questionnaire or...
L'Encéphale
The International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology has confirmed the high comorbidity in co... more The International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology has confirmed the high comorbidity in community-drawn samples between substance use disorders and anxiety or depression. In the same way, associations between substance use and specific personality traits (such as novelty seeking, harm avoidance or antisocial personality) have also been extensively documented. Self-medication and social deviance are among the most commonly evoked explanatory models for these forms of comorbidity, and are based on findings that affective disorders and specific personality traits often precede the onset of substance use disorders. The self-medication model postulates that an individual chooses a specific substance according to its psychopharmacologic action on the given psychological state of the person. By contrast, the social deviance model posits that this form of comorbidity is due to the fact that persons consuming certain substances may have affective or personality characteristics that ar...
L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'évaluer les sept... more L'Inventaire du Tempérament et du Caractère (TCI) comporte 226 items et permet d'évaluer les sept dimensions de la personnalité définies par C. Cloninger dans son modèle psychobiologique. Une version courte de ce questionnaire à 125 items a été traduite dans plusieurs langues et notamment en français par Pélissolo et coll. (1996). L'objectif de cette étude est de vérifier la structure factorielle de cette version abrégée dans un échantillon de jeunes adultes français. Les analyses factorielles ont montré que le TCI-125 évaluait bien les 4 traits de tempérament (recherche de nouveauté, évitement du danger, dépendance à la récompense et persistance) et les trois traits de caractère (autodétermination, coopération et transcendance) inventoriés dans le TCI-226. Les cohérences internes trouvées sont généralement élevées et les scores du tempérament et du caractère de la version courte possèdent les mêmes associations avec l'âge et le sexe que le questionnaire original.
Timing & Time Perception, 2014
The aim of our studies was to design a Metacognitive Questionnaire on Time (MQT) that assesses in... more The aim of our studies was to design a Metacognitive Questionnaire on Time (MQT) that assesses inter-individual variations in the awareness of factors affecting the experience of the passage of time. In the first study, 532 young adults were asked to reply to an initial questionnaire consisting of 106 questions relating to many different factors (e.g., psychostimulant, body temperature, age, attention) that could affect how time is perceived. Factorial analyses allowed us to extract two discriminant factors, one relating to attention and the other to emotion. The second study sought to validate the final 24-item questionnaire by gathering data from 212 university students. Confirmatory Factorial Analyses (AMOS) showed that the MQT has the same two-factor structure. The third study assessed the construct validity of the MQT by measuring the correlation between the MQT scores and the scores with other questionnaires measuring close or different constructs. In sum, these studies enable...
Teaching and Teacher Education, 2010
This research evaluates the impact of a training programme on trainee physics and chemistry teach... more This research evaluates the impact of a training programme on trainee physics and chemistry teachers, focusing on the way pupils' explanations are dealt with during teacher-pupil interaction. The population is composed of 10 teachers and 303 pupils, from which the experimental sample was taken (8 teachers and 172 pupils). The qualitative analysis of the recordings of the sessions shows that teachers, after training, are more ready to take pupils' productions into account, use a greater number of appropriate arguments, and are more frequently aware of pupils' misconceptions. A quantitative analysis of the achievement of pupils whose teachers followed the complete programme indicates that pupil outcomes improve. The conditions required for this training to be effective are also explored.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2010
Mood and personality-based vulnerabilities have been extensively examined in patients with substa... more Mood and personality-based vulnerabilities have been extensively examined in patients with substance use disorders, but their relevance as models of etiology remains to be fully investigated. The present investigation examined mood and personality-based models of substance use in a nonclinical sample of young adults. Two-hundred and twelve individuals were assessed for personality and clinical characteristics and participated in computerized ambulatory monitoring of mood states and substance use over a 1-week period. Personality factors were strong predictors of substance use frequency over the previous 30 days, as well as of substance use in daily life using ambulatory monitoring. A linear increase was also observed in the intensity of novelty seeking and antisocial personality traits as a function of the social deviance of substances used. However, mood disorder history was related only to the use of illicit drugs other than cannabis, and fluctuations in mood states did not prospectively predict daily use of substances in a manner consistent with self-medication. Moreover, there was little evidence that personality characteristics moderated relations between mood states and substance use in daily life. The relevance of results for mood and personality models of substance use etiology is discussed.
Nursing & Health Sciences, 2013
This French study explored nurses&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp... more This French study explored nurses&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; involvement in patient education for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The study design was qualitative. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 hospital nurses. Data analysis was performed according to Giorgi&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s descriptive phenomenological method, and supported by specific qualitative analysis software (Sphinx). The results showed the important role of hospital nurses in rheumatoid arthritis care. Patient education is a core part of nurses&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; work, allowing them to give patients information and emotional support. The interviewees displayed skills in helping patients learn to care for themselves. However, patient education mostly concerned patients who are already committed to their health care. Non-adherent patients warrant special attention; their acceptance of their disease, perceptions about disease and treatment, motivation, and autonomy should be specifically addressed. French nurses could benefit from more training, and could be aided by psychologists. Ambulatory services could also be developed for patient education in France, based on examples from other countries.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 2009
A prospective study assessed the outcome in a sample of 122 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of ... more A prospective study assessed the outcome in a sample of 122 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition alcohol-dependent patients in primary care. Standardized questionnaires collected clinical, social, and management data during 875 visits over an 18-month follow-up. A time-event analysis identified outcome predictors. Forty-three percent of patients attempted at least one detoxification during follow-up, one out of three in a hospital. Despite a very high relapse rate (83%), only 14% of the patients attempted a repeated abstinence. Longest and cumulative durations of abstinence appeared to be very close, corresponding to 29% of the follow-up time. The frequency of visits (risk ratio [RR] = 1.08) and visits addressing alcohol consumption (RR = 1.73) significantly lead to detoxification. In this French sample, management by the general practitioners appears to be a positive predictor of outcome in alcohol dependence. Future research could (a) enlighten the relationship between detoxification and frequency or circumstances of the visits and (b) tell whether formal planned follow-up by general practice physicians could improve outcome in alcohol dependence.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 2009
A prospective study assessed the outcome in a sample of 122 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of ... more A prospective study assessed the outcome in a sample of 122 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition alcohol-dependent patients in primary care. Standardized questionnaires collected clinical, social, and management data during 875 visits over an 18-month follow-up. A time–event analysis identified outcome predictors. Forty-three percent of patients attempted at least one detoxification during follow-up, one out of
Diabetes & Metabolism, 2013
Diabetes perceptions, acceptance and treatment motivation are changeable factors of adherence. Th... more Diabetes perceptions, acceptance and treatment motivation are changeable factors of adherence. This study aimed to test the effects of brief psychological interventions based on diabetes threat and mastery perceptions in terms of adherence, acceptance and motivation. Physicians may find such interventions useful during a 15-minute consultation with diabetes patients. This randomized controlled study included 80 patients with type 2 diabetes, recruited from the hospital diabetes department, who were randomly assigned to four intervention groups based on autobiographical recall. Those in the two intervention groups were asked to recall diabetic events based on mastery and threat perceptions, respectively, whereas those in the two control groups recalled non-diabetic events based on positive and negative emotions, respectively. Following this, all participants completed validated self-questionnaires assessing diabetes perceptions, acceptance, treatment motivation and adherence. Patients in the threat group reported less adherence (P<0.01) and less avoidance (P<0.05), and perceived diabetes as less threatening (P<0.05) than those in the mastery group. Similar results were obtained when the threat group was compared with its matched negative-emotion control group (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P=0.087, respectively). Patients in the mastery group reported feeling a stronger sense of mastery (P<0.05) than those in their positive-emotion control group and greater treatment acceptance than those in the threat group (P<0.01). Contrary to conventional medical belief, discussing threatening personal events with patients can yield positive results. Health professionals should take threat and mastery perceptions of diabetes into account during regular consultations with a view to improving treatment acceptance and adherence. With this brief intervention of type 2 diabetes patients, it was also more effective to alleviate their emotional difficulties than to enhance their perception of mastery.
Psychology of Addictive …, 2010
Mood and personality-based vulnerabilities have been extensively examined in patients with substa... more Mood and personality-based vulnerabilities have been extensively examined in patients with substance use disorders, but their relevance as models of etiology remains to be fully investigated. The present investigation examined mood and personality-based models of substance use in a nonclinical sample of young adults. Two-hundred and twelve individuals were assessed for personality and clinical characteristics and participated in computerized ambulatory monitoring of mood states and substance use over a 1-week period. Personality factors were strong predictors of substance use frequency over the previous 30 days, as well as of substance use in daily life using ambulatory monitoring. A linear increase was also observed in the intensity of novelty seeking and antisocial personality traits as a function of the social deviance of substances used. However, mood disorder history was related only to the use of illicit drugs other than cannabis, and fluctuations in mood states did not prospectively predict daily use of substances in a manner consistent with self-medication. Moreover, there was little evidence that personality characteristics moderated relations between mood states and substance use in daily life. The relevance of results for mood and personality models of substance use etiology is discussed.
Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique, 2007
Pour comprendre l'étiologie de l'alcoolisme et des addictions aux autres drogues, il est nécessai... more Pour comprendre l'étiologie de l'alcoolisme et des addictions aux autres drogues, il est nécessaire de connaître la fréquence d'utilisation des substances dans des cohortes de jeunes adultes et le rôle des vulnérabilités spécifiques qui peuvent expliquer le développement de tels troubles. Nous nous proposons d'examiner ces questions à partir d'un large échantillon d'étudiants et porterons une attention particulière au facteur de risque qu'est la comorbidité. Concernant leur utilisation récente de substances, 1 517 participants ont fourni des informations, et les sous-groupes représentatifs des utilisateurs fréquents ont ensuite suivi un entretien clinique. Nos résultats indiquent le maintien des tendances observées depuis 2000 concernant la stabilisation de l'utilisation d'alcool, la diminution du tabac et l'augmentation de la consommation de cannabis chez des jeunes du même âge. Le pourcentage de troubles psychiatriques était généralement plus élevé dans les groupes consommant des substances que dans le groupe témoin, mais ces différences étaient significatives uniquement pour les consommateurs des substances les plus illicites. Ces résultats sont discutés en termes de facteurs de risque pour les troubles liés à l'utilisation de substances ainsi que leurs conséquences sur la prévention.