Nagesh Raju G - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nagesh Raju G

Background:Stress is common in medical students. Medical school is recognized as a stressful enviro

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2015

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is considered to be a major cause of death among the infectious diseases... more BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is considered to be a major cause of death among the infectious diseases prevalent in India. Differentiation of M. tuberculosis from Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) is very important in the management of the disease. Recently, Standard Diagnostics (SD Yongin Korea) developed a simple and rapid assay using a mouse monoclonal anti-MPT64 antibody to discriminate between M. tuberculosis and NTM by Immunochromatography. These tests were found to have good sensitivity and specificity. METHOD: 200 sputum samples were processed and inoculated on conventional Lowenstein Jensen culture medium. The Mycobacterial isolates were subjected to biochemical tests (Niacin test and Nitrate reduction test) and Immunochromatographic assay. The isolates were also tested by Polymerase chain reaction. H37 RV strain was used as a positive control. RESULT: The culture isolates showed positive in 47 (23.5%) cases. 44 isolates were positive and 3 were negative by both biochemical tests and immunochromatographic assay. Similar results were obtained by PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of Immunochromatography test when compared to biochemical tests and PCR was 100%. Positive predictive value and Negative predictive values were 100%. CONCLUSION: Immunochromatographic assay showed comparable results with biochemical tests and this assay can be used as an alternative to biochemical tests for the confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which avoids use of hazardous chemicals (Cyanogen bromide).

Dry fruit of Terminalia chebula is used in leprosy, anemia, narcosis, piles, chronic, heart disea... more Dry fruit of Terminalia chebula is used in leprosy, anemia, narcosis, piles, chronic, heart disease, diarrhea, anorexia, cough and excessive secretion of mucus. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the local anesthetic and antipyretic activity of T.chebula in experimental animal models. Ethanolic extract of T.chebula (EETC) was tested in local anesthetic action by (i) intracutaneous wheal in guinea pigs and (ii) plexus anesthesia in frogs. In both the models, 2% xylocaine was used as the standard drug. Brewer’s east induced pyrexia in rats before and after treatment of EETC compared with paracetamol. The test drug in concentrations of 10% and 20% produced 70.56% and 87.56 % anesthesia respectively by the intracutaneous wheal compared to 97.64% anesthetic effect produced by 2% xylocaine (P<0.001). The mean onset of anesthesia with the test drug was 5.33±0.47 min compared to 2.75±0.35 min (P<0.001) for the standard drug in the plexus anesthesia model. In the anti-pyretic...

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2015

BACKGROUND Fractures of distal end of femur are complex injuries which are difficult to manage & ... more BACKGROUND Fractures of distal end of femur are complex injuries which are difficult to manage & are unstable and comminuted. Despite advances in implants treatment of distal femoral fractures remains a challenge. AIMS This study was done to analyze the functional outcome & complications associated with surgical management of fractures of distal end of femur in adults using Dynamic Condylar Screw (DCS). SETTINGS & DESIGN It was a prospective clinical study done at BMCH, Chitradurga. METHODS The present study included 25 patients with 13 Supracondylar and 12 Intercondylar fractures of femur. They were operated after stabilization using Dynamic Condylar Screw. RESULTS The study showed maximum presentation between 4 and 5 decade with mean age of 39.2 years with sex incidence of 11.5:1 (M:F). Mode of injury was RTA in 17, simple fall in 5, fall from height in 2 and assault in 1 patient. Patients presented to hospital within 0 to 4 days of injury. Left side was involved in 12 and right s...

Background: Pharmacology, like any other branch of medicine, is progressing by leaps and bounds. ... more Background: Pharmacology, like any other branch of medicine, is progressing by leaps and bounds. Consequently, reforms in undergraduate teaching are the need of the hour. Objectives: To determine the medical students’ perception and r eceive feedback on teaching and learning of pharmacology in our institution. Material and Methods: This was a cross predesigned questionnaire containing 23 points was administered to fifth term medical students. Results: 73.43% wanted the faculty members to make more use of Audi o learning. 98.43% students wanted to include case ba s d learning in the curriculum students wanted more of the clinical pharmacology t o be introduced in the curriculu participants wished recent advances to be included in the curriculum and almost 80% were in favour of MCQs to be included in assessment of their acade mic performance. Only 26% participants felt rabbit eye experiments was appropriate reflecting a need for reforms. Only 10.93% students were willing to consider p...

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2019

Objective: The objective is to study the antihyperlipidemic activity of Eclipta alba in hyperlipi... more Objective: The objective is to study the antihyperlipidemic activity of Eclipta alba in hyperlipidemic albino rats and the use of herbal plants and their parts such as seeds, berries, leaves, roots, barks, or flowers for the development of drugs for therapeutic purposes which have an effective role in recent years. Methods: A total of 30 adult albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 165–215 g were utilized. Animals were treated with high fat diet for 8 weeks followed by post-treatment of E. alba for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks, respectively. After 12 h of fasting on the last day of experiment, serum blood samples were collected in EDTA vials and processed for biochemical analysis. Results: A significant decrease in levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides was noted on animals treated with E. alba compared to high fat diet animals. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic rats with E. alba showed a marked decrease of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL-cholesterol concentra...

International Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2016

The VARK is a tool that categorizes learning habit according to Visual, Auditory, Read/write or k... more The VARK is a tool that categorizes learning habit according to Visual, Auditory, Read/write or kinesthetic modes as indicated on a simple preference survey. 5,6

Background: Adverse effects due to medicines are common cause o f morbidity and mortality and hav... more Background: Adverse effects due to medicines are common cause o f morbidity and mortality and have a major impact on public health Aim: To assess the awareness of P Material and methods: This was an observational, The study was conducted on fifth term medical stude nts in the Department of Pharmacology of BMCH, Chitradurga. A questionnaire containing 15 q uestions with 2 student and they w ere asked to mark one best suitable option. We anal y The results were evaluated graphically using Micros oft excel sheet. Results: 89.93% of students were aware of all the activities involved in Pharmacovigilance. 48.48% of the students had an idea that all the health care profe ssi nals (i.e. doctors, pharmacists, nurses) are responsible for reporting adverse drug reaction WHO online database for reporting ADRs was Medsafe and 3 online database. 48.48% had the correct understandi ng that CDSCO is the regulatory body for monitoring ADRs in India. 66.66% students thought t hat, all the severe) irr...

Introduction: Most of the common health ailments are treated by general population themselves wit... more Introduction: Most of the common health ailments are treated by general population themselves without medical supervision, which is termed as self-medication. There are potential risks of self-medications like adverse drug reaction, disease aggravation, drug dependence, drug resistance etc. The undergraduate medical and dental students have easy access to information from various sources to self-diagnose and self-medicate. So, we conducted the study to assess the practice of self-medication among 2nd year medical and dental students studying at Basaveshwara Medical College & S.J.M. Dental College, Chitradurga. Materials: This was an observational, cross-sectional study based on a semi-structured, pre-validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for analysing the data. The result was analysed using the software Microsoft Excel sheet. Results: The study included 172 students (medical & dental), out of which 57.5% were females and 42.4% were males. 82.5% of participants had...

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the major public health problem and are considered to be a lead... more Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the major public health problem and are considered to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. A Retrospective study was performed by collecting data from 2010 to 2013. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and pattern of ADRs, assess causality, severity and preventability of ADRs, and to classify the ADRs based on WHO Adverse Reaction Terminology (WHO-ART). For Severity assessment, Modified Hartwig scale was used. Naranjo causality algorithm was used for assessing causality. Modified Schumock and Thorntons Scale were used for identifying preventability of ADR. 95 % CI interval with alpha level of 0.05 was used to identify significance of difference. A total 209 ADRs were identified out of which 53 % were male and 47 % were female patients (P=0.08). Causality assessment scale indicates 71 % ADRs were possible, 23 % ADRs were probable related to drug (P<0.001). Severity assessment reveal that 78 % were mild, 20 % moderate and 2 %...

Surgical Update: International Journal of Surgery and Orthopedics

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Eclipta Alba has been used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat Hyperlipidemia and hepat... more Eclipta Alba has been used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat Hyperlipidemia and hepatic disorders. The present study was aimed to investigate the Antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potentials of Eclipta Alba in high-fat diet -induced Albino rats and to determine the underlying mechanism. A total of 30 adult albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 165–215 g were utilized. Animals were treated with high-fat diet for 8 weeks followed by post-treatment of E. Alba for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks, respectively. After 12 h of fasting on the last day of the experiment, serum blood samples were collected in EDTA vials and processed for biochemical analysis. A significant decrease in levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides was noted on animals treated with E. alba compared to high-fat diet animals. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic rats with E. Alba showed a marked decrease of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL cholesterol concentrations compared to the h...

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

Background and aims: To use Web 2.0 tools for learning human histology by First year MBBS student... more Background and aims: To use Web 2.0 tools for learning human histology by First year MBBS students and thus make them aware of the features of these tools. To assess, by way of a feedback, the utility of the web 2.0 tools as instruments for self- directed learning. Materials and Methods:A questionnaire based longitudinal study was administered to sixty students. Their knowledge level about Web 2.0 tools, Self directed learning and Competency based learning were assessed. Then they were asked to participate in online discussions using Web 2.0 tools. Opinion regarding the utility of these Web 2.0 tools was collected using pre-validated questionnaires. Results: Awareness of Web 2.0 tools and Self-Directed Learning [SDL] was low. Even though students found the Web 2.0 tools to be good instruments for learning of that material which was not taught in routine classes, several students preferred their learning to be guided by teachers. Conclusion: Web 2.0 tools are good instruments for Sel...

South-East Asian Journal of Medical Education

Objectives: Undergraduate medical education (MBBS) still involves large classes and most of the c... more Objectives: Undergraduate medical education (MBBS) still involves large classes and most of the curriculum is delivered through traditional lectures. Some students lack opportunities for active and self-directed learning. Hence, it is necessary to initiate Case-Based Learning (CBL) for large group teaching, gather perception of students and compare the effectiveness of the CBL with regular lectures. Methods: Tuberculosis and malaria were chosen for CBL. We formulated 15 case scenarios in tuberculosis and 12 in malaria. CBL was facilitated in a large group of 112 students using buzz groups of about 10 students each. Structured feedback questionnaire was prepared to assess the perception of students about these modules using a five point Likert scale. After one month a test was administered which included questions from CBL and lecture topics. Results: Most students (93% to 96%) either strongly agreed or agreed that the module improved their comprehension, stimulated interest in the subject, improved their ability to correlate pharmacology with medicine, increased understanding of bedside clinics of tuberculosis and malaria, rational drug therapy and adverse drug reactions. The marks scored in CBL topics was significantly high 4.85 ± 1.3 compared to lecture 3.98 ± 1.4 (p<0.0001). There was significant difference (p<0.001) in the marks between high and low achievers in the CBL topics, but performance of high and intermediate achievers was insignificant. Conclusions: The majority of students perceived that CBL improved their ability to integrate the knowledge gained in pharmacology to bedside clinics. CBL significantly improved the performance of students. CBL was more effective than lecture for intermediate achievers.

Innovative publication, Dec 1, 2016

Introduction: Most of the common health ailments are treated by general population themselves wit... more Introduction: Most of the common health ailments are treated by general population themselves without medical supervision, which is termed as self-medication. There are potential risks of self-medications like adverse drug reaction, disease aggravation, drug dependence, drug resistance etc. The undergraduate medical and dental students have easy access to information from various sources to self-diagnose and self-medicate. So, we conducted the study to assess the practice of self-medication among 2 nd year medical and dental students studying at Basaveshwara Medical College & S.J.M. Dental College, Chitradurga. Materials: This was an observational, cross-sectional study based on a semi-structured, pre-validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for analysing the data. The result was analysed using the software Microsoft Excel sheet. Results: The study included 172 students (medical & dental), out of which 57.5% were females and 42.4% were males. 82.5% of participants had practised self-medication at some point in their life. 85% felt that there was no need to consult physician for simple ailments. The source of information for self-medication was pharmacist (61.6%), followed by google & internet (46.5%), senior (32.5%). Most common conditions for which self-medication was practiced included cold (93%), cough (85%), diarrhea (80%). Drugs commonly used for self-medication included Paracetamol (94%), Antacids (59%), Antibiotics (41%). Conclusions: Our study revealed that there is a high prevalence of self-medication among medical and dental students. We as the healthcare professionals need to raise the awareness regarding the ill effects of self-medication among undergraduates and also stress on various measures to curb its growing trend.

Background:Stress is common in medical students. Medical school is recognized as a stressful enviro

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2015

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is considered to be a major cause of death among the infectious diseases... more BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is considered to be a major cause of death among the infectious diseases prevalent in India. Differentiation of M. tuberculosis from Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) is very important in the management of the disease. Recently, Standard Diagnostics (SD Yongin Korea) developed a simple and rapid assay using a mouse monoclonal anti-MPT64 antibody to discriminate between M. tuberculosis and NTM by Immunochromatography. These tests were found to have good sensitivity and specificity. METHOD: 200 sputum samples were processed and inoculated on conventional Lowenstein Jensen culture medium. The Mycobacterial isolates were subjected to biochemical tests (Niacin test and Nitrate reduction test) and Immunochromatographic assay. The isolates were also tested by Polymerase chain reaction. H37 RV strain was used as a positive control. RESULT: The culture isolates showed positive in 47 (23.5%) cases. 44 isolates were positive and 3 were negative by both biochemical tests and immunochromatographic assay. Similar results were obtained by PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of Immunochromatography test when compared to biochemical tests and PCR was 100%. Positive predictive value and Negative predictive values were 100%. CONCLUSION: Immunochromatographic assay showed comparable results with biochemical tests and this assay can be used as an alternative to biochemical tests for the confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which avoids use of hazardous chemicals (Cyanogen bromide).

Dry fruit of Terminalia chebula is used in leprosy, anemia, narcosis, piles, chronic, heart disea... more Dry fruit of Terminalia chebula is used in leprosy, anemia, narcosis, piles, chronic, heart disease, diarrhea, anorexia, cough and excessive secretion of mucus. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the local anesthetic and antipyretic activity of T.chebula in experimental animal models. Ethanolic extract of T.chebula (EETC) was tested in local anesthetic action by (i) intracutaneous wheal in guinea pigs and (ii) plexus anesthesia in frogs. In both the models, 2% xylocaine was used as the standard drug. Brewer’s east induced pyrexia in rats before and after treatment of EETC compared with paracetamol. The test drug in concentrations of 10% and 20% produced 70.56% and 87.56 % anesthesia respectively by the intracutaneous wheal compared to 97.64% anesthetic effect produced by 2% xylocaine (P<0.001). The mean onset of anesthesia with the test drug was 5.33±0.47 min compared to 2.75±0.35 min (P<0.001) for the standard drug in the plexus anesthesia model. In the anti-pyretic...

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2015

BACKGROUND Fractures of distal end of femur are complex injuries which are difficult to manage & ... more BACKGROUND Fractures of distal end of femur are complex injuries which are difficult to manage & are unstable and comminuted. Despite advances in implants treatment of distal femoral fractures remains a challenge. AIMS This study was done to analyze the functional outcome & complications associated with surgical management of fractures of distal end of femur in adults using Dynamic Condylar Screw (DCS). SETTINGS & DESIGN It was a prospective clinical study done at BMCH, Chitradurga. METHODS The present study included 25 patients with 13 Supracondylar and 12 Intercondylar fractures of femur. They were operated after stabilization using Dynamic Condylar Screw. RESULTS The study showed maximum presentation between 4 and 5 decade with mean age of 39.2 years with sex incidence of 11.5:1 (M:F). Mode of injury was RTA in 17, simple fall in 5, fall from height in 2 and assault in 1 patient. Patients presented to hospital within 0 to 4 days of injury. Left side was involved in 12 and right s...

Background: Pharmacology, like any other branch of medicine, is progressing by leaps and bounds. ... more Background: Pharmacology, like any other branch of medicine, is progressing by leaps and bounds. Consequently, reforms in undergraduate teaching are the need of the hour. Objectives: To determine the medical students’ perception and r eceive feedback on teaching and learning of pharmacology in our institution. Material and Methods: This was a cross predesigned questionnaire containing 23 points was administered to fifth term medical students. Results: 73.43% wanted the faculty members to make more use of Audi o learning. 98.43% students wanted to include case ba s d learning in the curriculum students wanted more of the clinical pharmacology t o be introduced in the curriculu participants wished recent advances to be included in the curriculum and almost 80% were in favour of MCQs to be included in assessment of their acade mic performance. Only 26% participants felt rabbit eye experiments was appropriate reflecting a need for reforms. Only 10.93% students were willing to consider p...

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2019

Objective: The objective is to study the antihyperlipidemic activity of Eclipta alba in hyperlipi... more Objective: The objective is to study the antihyperlipidemic activity of Eclipta alba in hyperlipidemic albino rats and the use of herbal plants and their parts such as seeds, berries, leaves, roots, barks, or flowers for the development of drugs for therapeutic purposes which have an effective role in recent years. Methods: A total of 30 adult albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 165–215 g were utilized. Animals were treated with high fat diet for 8 weeks followed by post-treatment of E. alba for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks, respectively. After 12 h of fasting on the last day of experiment, serum blood samples were collected in EDTA vials and processed for biochemical analysis. Results: A significant decrease in levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides was noted on animals treated with E. alba compared to high fat diet animals. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic rats with E. alba showed a marked decrease of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL-cholesterol concentra...

International Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2016

The VARK is a tool that categorizes learning habit according to Visual, Auditory, Read/write or k... more The VARK is a tool that categorizes learning habit according to Visual, Auditory, Read/write or kinesthetic modes as indicated on a simple preference survey. 5,6

Background: Adverse effects due to medicines are common cause o f morbidity and mortality and hav... more Background: Adverse effects due to medicines are common cause o f morbidity and mortality and have a major impact on public health Aim: To assess the awareness of P Material and methods: This was an observational, The study was conducted on fifth term medical stude nts in the Department of Pharmacology of BMCH, Chitradurga. A questionnaire containing 15 q uestions with 2 student and they w ere asked to mark one best suitable option. We anal y The results were evaluated graphically using Micros oft excel sheet. Results: 89.93% of students were aware of all the activities involved in Pharmacovigilance. 48.48% of the students had an idea that all the health care profe ssi nals (i.e. doctors, pharmacists, nurses) are responsible for reporting adverse drug reaction WHO online database for reporting ADRs was Medsafe and 3 online database. 48.48% had the correct understandi ng that CDSCO is the regulatory body for monitoring ADRs in India. 66.66% students thought t hat, all the severe) irr...

Introduction: Most of the common health ailments are treated by general population themselves wit... more Introduction: Most of the common health ailments are treated by general population themselves without medical supervision, which is termed as self-medication. There are potential risks of self-medications like adverse drug reaction, disease aggravation, drug dependence, drug resistance etc. The undergraduate medical and dental students have easy access to information from various sources to self-diagnose and self-medicate. So, we conducted the study to assess the practice of self-medication among 2nd year medical and dental students studying at Basaveshwara Medical College & S.J.M. Dental College, Chitradurga. Materials: This was an observational, cross-sectional study based on a semi-structured, pre-validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for analysing the data. The result was analysed using the software Microsoft Excel sheet. Results: The study included 172 students (medical & dental), out of which 57.5% were females and 42.4% were males. 82.5% of participants had...

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the major public health problem and are considered to be a lead... more Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the major public health problem and are considered to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. A Retrospective study was performed by collecting data from 2010 to 2013. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and pattern of ADRs, assess causality, severity and preventability of ADRs, and to classify the ADRs based on WHO Adverse Reaction Terminology (WHO-ART). For Severity assessment, Modified Hartwig scale was used. Naranjo causality algorithm was used for assessing causality. Modified Schumock and Thorntons Scale were used for identifying preventability of ADR. 95 % CI interval with alpha level of 0.05 was used to identify significance of difference. A total 209 ADRs were identified out of which 53 % were male and 47 % were female patients (P=0.08). Causality assessment scale indicates 71 % ADRs were possible, 23 % ADRs were probable related to drug (P<0.001). Severity assessment reveal that 78 % were mild, 20 % moderate and 2 %...

Surgical Update: International Journal of Surgery and Orthopedics

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Eclipta Alba has been used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat Hyperlipidemia and hepat... more Eclipta Alba has been used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat Hyperlipidemia and hepatic disorders. The present study was aimed to investigate the Antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potentials of Eclipta Alba in high-fat diet -induced Albino rats and to determine the underlying mechanism. A total of 30 adult albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 165–215 g were utilized. Animals were treated with high-fat diet for 8 weeks followed by post-treatment of E. Alba for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks, respectively. After 12 h of fasting on the last day of the experiment, serum blood samples were collected in EDTA vials and processed for biochemical analysis. A significant decrease in levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides was noted on animals treated with E. alba compared to high-fat diet animals. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic rats with E. Alba showed a marked decrease of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL cholesterol concentrations compared to the h...

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy

Background and aims: To use Web 2.0 tools for learning human histology by First year MBBS student... more Background and aims: To use Web 2.0 tools for learning human histology by First year MBBS students and thus make them aware of the features of these tools. To assess, by way of a feedback, the utility of the web 2.0 tools as instruments for self- directed learning. Materials and Methods:A questionnaire based longitudinal study was administered to sixty students. Their knowledge level about Web 2.0 tools, Self directed learning and Competency based learning were assessed. Then they were asked to participate in online discussions using Web 2.0 tools. Opinion regarding the utility of these Web 2.0 tools was collected using pre-validated questionnaires. Results: Awareness of Web 2.0 tools and Self-Directed Learning [SDL] was low. Even though students found the Web 2.0 tools to be good instruments for learning of that material which was not taught in routine classes, several students preferred their learning to be guided by teachers. Conclusion: Web 2.0 tools are good instruments for Sel...

South-East Asian Journal of Medical Education

Objectives: Undergraduate medical education (MBBS) still involves large classes and most of the c... more Objectives: Undergraduate medical education (MBBS) still involves large classes and most of the curriculum is delivered through traditional lectures. Some students lack opportunities for active and self-directed learning. Hence, it is necessary to initiate Case-Based Learning (CBL) for large group teaching, gather perception of students and compare the effectiveness of the CBL with regular lectures. Methods: Tuberculosis and malaria were chosen for CBL. We formulated 15 case scenarios in tuberculosis and 12 in malaria. CBL was facilitated in a large group of 112 students using buzz groups of about 10 students each. Structured feedback questionnaire was prepared to assess the perception of students about these modules using a five point Likert scale. After one month a test was administered which included questions from CBL and lecture topics. Results: Most students (93% to 96%) either strongly agreed or agreed that the module improved their comprehension, stimulated interest in the subject, improved their ability to correlate pharmacology with medicine, increased understanding of bedside clinics of tuberculosis and malaria, rational drug therapy and adverse drug reactions. The marks scored in CBL topics was significantly high 4.85 ± 1.3 compared to lecture 3.98 ± 1.4 (p<0.0001). There was significant difference (p<0.001) in the marks between high and low achievers in the CBL topics, but performance of high and intermediate achievers was insignificant. Conclusions: The majority of students perceived that CBL improved their ability to integrate the knowledge gained in pharmacology to bedside clinics. CBL significantly improved the performance of students. CBL was more effective than lecture for intermediate achievers.

Innovative publication, Dec 1, 2016

Introduction: Most of the common health ailments are treated by general population themselves wit... more Introduction: Most of the common health ailments are treated by general population themselves without medical supervision, which is termed as self-medication. There are potential risks of self-medications like adverse drug reaction, disease aggravation, drug dependence, drug resistance etc. The undergraduate medical and dental students have easy access to information from various sources to self-diagnose and self-medicate. So, we conducted the study to assess the practice of self-medication among 2 nd year medical and dental students studying at Basaveshwara Medical College & S.J.M. Dental College, Chitradurga. Materials: This was an observational, cross-sectional study based on a semi-structured, pre-validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for analysing the data. The result was analysed using the software Microsoft Excel sheet. Results: The study included 172 students (medical & dental), out of which 57.5% were females and 42.4% were males. 82.5% of participants had practised self-medication at some point in their life. 85% felt that there was no need to consult physician for simple ailments. The source of information for self-medication was pharmacist (61.6%), followed by google & internet (46.5%), senior (32.5%). Most common conditions for which self-medication was practiced included cold (93%), cough (85%), diarrhea (80%). Drugs commonly used for self-medication included Paracetamol (94%), Antacids (59%), Antibiotics (41%). Conclusions: Our study revealed that there is a high prevalence of self-medication among medical and dental students. We as the healthcare professionals need to raise the awareness regarding the ill effects of self-medication among undergraduates and also stress on various measures to curb its growing trend.