Nancy Rahnama - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Nancy Rahnama
Diabetic Medicine, 2013
Aims-Consumption of a high-fat diet has been demonstrated to promote endothelial dysfunction, pos... more Aims-Consumption of a high-fat diet has been demonstrated to promote endothelial dysfunction, possibly through an increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in serum nitric oxide. The present study was designed to investigate whether consumption of a hamburger cooked with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture will reduce postprandial lipid oxidation and endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes. Methods-Twenty-two subjects consumed burgers cooked with salt only (control burger) or with salt and spice mix (spice burger) in randomized order. The postprandial concentration of urinary malondialdehyde and nitrate/nitrite as well as the peripheral arterial tonometry score were determined. Results-Eighteen subjects completed the study. Postprandial serum glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations were similar in all subjects after control burger or spice burger consumption. Urine malondialdehyde excretion in mmol/g creatinine was reduced by 31% (P < 0.001) after consuming the spice burger compared with the control burger. Two hours after consumption of the burgers, the peripheral arterial tonometry score was significantly different between control burger consumption (−9.7 ± 21.5%) and spice burger consumption (+18.0 ± 42.4%) (P = 0.025). Mean urinary nitrate/nitrite concentrations in urine collected during the 6 h after consumption of the control burger was 9.09 ± 5.7 mmol/g creatinine, but 12.37 ± 7.00 mmol/g creatinine after the spice burger (P = 0.053). Conclusion-Adding a spice mix to hamburger meat prior to cooking resulted in a reduction in urinary malondialdehyde, an increase in urinary nitrate/nitrite and improvement of postprandial endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, cooking a hamburger with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture may lead to potential cardiovascular benefits in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Nature Neuroscience, 2002
Nature Neuroscience, 2002
Muscarinic, cholinergic receptor blockade produces an array of profound deficits in attentional p... more Muscarinic, cholinergic receptor blockade produces an array of profound deficits in attentional processing, memory acquisition and memory consolidation. Five muscarinic receptor subtypes and their corresponding genes, termed M 1-M 5 , have been identified and cloned, but their high degree of sequence similarity has hindered the development of highly selective ligands 1. Therefore, the broad array of deficits produced by antagonists such as scopolamine or atropine and more selective ligands (for example, pirenzepine or dicyclomine for M 1) could result from action at multiple receptor subtypes 1-3. The M 1 subtype is the most abundant of the muscarinic receptors in the forebrain and hippocampus 4,5 , and some evidence suggests an important role for M 1 receptors in memory and cognition. M 1 receptors are colocalized with NMDA receptors in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and coactivation with NMDA receptors results in amplified NMDA currents 6. Moreover, M 1 receptors are required for muscarinic activation of mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) in the cortex 7. Therefore, we examined memory and synaptic plasticity in mice with a targeted null mutation of Chrm1, the gene that encodes the M 1 receptor 8. These mice (M 1-/-) were examined for fear conditioning acquisition and consolidation, spatial working memory on the Olton radial arm maze, spatial reference memory on the Morris watermaze and social discrimination memory, all of which are sensitive to anticholinergic drugs and lesions of the hippocampus 9-16. We also examined long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus 17. Although M 1 mutant mice were
The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2006
Learning and memory impairments without overt pathology often accompany advancing age. To gain a ... more Learning and memory impairments without overt pathology often accompany advancing age. To gain a better understanding of the underlying neuronal substrates associated with this age-related cognitive decline, the authors have begun to use mice as an animal model system. As described in the companion paper, mice exhibit age-related impairments in cognition. Here, the authors explore the possibility that age-related changes in neuronal function may be the result of deregulation of cytosolic free calcium homeostasis. Calcium homeostasis in young and aged mice was examined by measuring the slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) in hippocampal neurons as well as assessing voltage-dependent calcium channel mediated long-term potentiation (vdccLTP). In addition, putative changes in phosphorylation of the L-type channel Ca(V)1.2 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase were examined. Both neurophysiological measures of calcium homeostasis indicated an increase in activity-dependent calcium influx. This ...
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2002
Objective: To assess the exposure of players to injury risk during English Premier League soccer ... more Objective: To assess the exposure of players to injury risk during English Premier League soccer matches in relation to selected factors. Methods: Injury risk was assessed by rating the injury potential of playing actions during competition with respect to (a) type of playing action, (b) period of the game, (c) zone of the pitch, and (d) playing either at home or away. In all, 10 games from the English Premier League 1999-2000 were chosen for analysis. A notation system was used whereby 16 soccer specific playing actions were classified into three categories: those inducing actual injury, those with a potential for injury (graded as mild, moderate, or high), and those deemed to have no potential for injury. The pitch was divided into 18 zones, and the position of each event was recorded along with time elapsed in the game, enabling six 15 minute periods to be defined. Results: Close to 18 000 actions were notated. On average (mean (SD)), 1788 (73) events (one every three seconds), 767 (99) events with injury potential (one every six seconds), and 2 (1) injuries (one every 45 minutes) per game were recorded. An overall injury incidence of 53 per 1000 playing hours was calculated. Receiving a tackle, receiving a "charge", and making a tackle were categorised as having a substantial injury risk, and goal catch, goal punch, kicking the ball, shot on goal, set kick, and heading the ball were all categorised as having a significant injury risk. All other actions were deemed low in risk. The first 15 minutes of each half contained the highest number of actions with mild injury potential, the last 15 minutes having the highest number of actions with moderate injury potential (p<0.01). The first and last 15 minutes of the game had the highest number of actions with high injury potential, although not significant. More actions with mild injury potential occurred in the goal area, and more actions with moderate and high injury potential occurred in the zone adjacent to the goal area (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between home and away with regard to injury potential. Conclusions: Playing actions with high injury risk were linked to contesting possession. Injury risk was highest in the first and last 15 minutes of the game, reflecting the intense engagements in the opening period and the possible effect of fatigue in the closing period. Injury risk was concentrated in the areas of the pitch where possession of the ball is most vigorously contested, which were specific attacking and defending zones close to the goal. Injury potential was no greater in away matches than at home.
Nature Neuroscience, 2002
Muscarinic, cholinergic receptor blockade produces an array of profound deficits in attentional p... more Muscarinic, cholinergic receptor blockade produces an array of profound deficits in attentional processing, memory acquisition and memory consolidation. Five muscarinic receptor subtypes and their corresponding genes, termed M 1 -M 5 , have been identified and cloned, but their high degree of sequence similarity has hindered the development of highly selective ligands 1 . Therefore, the broad array of deficits produced by antagonists such as scopolamine or atropine and more selective ligands (for example, pirenzepine or dicyclomine for M 1 ) could result from action at multiple receptor subtypes 1-3 .
Diabetic Medicine, 2013
Aims-Consumption of a high-fat diet has been demonstrated to promote endothelial dysfunction, pos... more Aims-Consumption of a high-fat diet has been demonstrated to promote endothelial dysfunction, possibly through an increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in serum nitric oxide. The present study was designed to investigate whether consumption of a hamburger cooked with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture will reduce postprandial lipid oxidation and endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes. Methods-Twenty-two subjects consumed burgers cooked with salt only (control burger) or with salt and spice mix (spice burger) in randomized order. The postprandial concentration of urinary malondialdehyde and nitrate/nitrite as well as the peripheral arterial tonometry score were determined. Results-Eighteen subjects completed the study. Postprandial serum glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations were similar in all subjects after control burger or spice burger consumption. Urine malondialdehyde excretion in mmol/g creatinine was reduced by 31% (P < 0.001) after consuming the spice burger compared with the control burger. Two hours after consumption of the burgers, the peripheral arterial tonometry score was significantly different between control burger consumption (−9.7 ± 21.5%) and spice burger consumption (+18.0 ± 42.4%) (P = 0.025). Mean urinary nitrate/nitrite concentrations in urine collected during the 6 h after consumption of the control burger was 9.09 ± 5.7 mmol/g creatinine, but 12.37 ± 7.00 mmol/g creatinine after the spice burger (P = 0.053). Conclusion-Adding a spice mix to hamburger meat prior to cooking resulted in a reduction in urinary malondialdehyde, an increase in urinary nitrate/nitrite and improvement of postprandial endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, cooking a hamburger with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture may lead to potential cardiovascular benefits in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Nature Neuroscience, 2002
Nature Neuroscience, 2002
Muscarinic, cholinergic receptor blockade produces an array of profound deficits in attentional p... more Muscarinic, cholinergic receptor blockade produces an array of profound deficits in attentional processing, memory acquisition and memory consolidation. Five muscarinic receptor subtypes and their corresponding genes, termed M 1-M 5 , have been identified and cloned, but their high degree of sequence similarity has hindered the development of highly selective ligands 1. Therefore, the broad array of deficits produced by antagonists such as scopolamine or atropine and more selective ligands (for example, pirenzepine or dicyclomine for M 1) could result from action at multiple receptor subtypes 1-3. The M 1 subtype is the most abundant of the muscarinic receptors in the forebrain and hippocampus 4,5 , and some evidence suggests an important role for M 1 receptors in memory and cognition. M 1 receptors are colocalized with NMDA receptors in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and coactivation with NMDA receptors results in amplified NMDA currents 6. Moreover, M 1 receptors are required for muscarinic activation of mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) in the cortex 7. Therefore, we examined memory and synaptic plasticity in mice with a targeted null mutation of Chrm1, the gene that encodes the M 1 receptor 8. These mice (M 1-/-) were examined for fear conditioning acquisition and consolidation, spatial working memory on the Olton radial arm maze, spatial reference memory on the Morris watermaze and social discrimination memory, all of which are sensitive to anticholinergic drugs and lesions of the hippocampus 9-16. We also examined long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus 17. Although M 1 mutant mice were
The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2006
Learning and memory impairments without overt pathology often accompany advancing age. To gain a ... more Learning and memory impairments without overt pathology often accompany advancing age. To gain a better understanding of the underlying neuronal substrates associated with this age-related cognitive decline, the authors have begun to use mice as an animal model system. As described in the companion paper, mice exhibit age-related impairments in cognition. Here, the authors explore the possibility that age-related changes in neuronal function may be the result of deregulation of cytosolic free calcium homeostasis. Calcium homeostasis in young and aged mice was examined by measuring the slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) in hippocampal neurons as well as assessing voltage-dependent calcium channel mediated long-term potentiation (vdccLTP). In addition, putative changes in phosphorylation of the L-type channel Ca(V)1.2 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase were examined. Both neurophysiological measures of calcium homeostasis indicated an increase in activity-dependent calcium influx. This ...
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2002
Objective: To assess the exposure of players to injury risk during English Premier League soccer ... more Objective: To assess the exposure of players to injury risk during English Premier League soccer matches in relation to selected factors. Methods: Injury risk was assessed by rating the injury potential of playing actions during competition with respect to (a) type of playing action, (b) period of the game, (c) zone of the pitch, and (d) playing either at home or away. In all, 10 games from the English Premier League 1999-2000 were chosen for analysis. A notation system was used whereby 16 soccer specific playing actions were classified into three categories: those inducing actual injury, those with a potential for injury (graded as mild, moderate, or high), and those deemed to have no potential for injury. The pitch was divided into 18 zones, and the position of each event was recorded along with time elapsed in the game, enabling six 15 minute periods to be defined. Results: Close to 18 000 actions were notated. On average (mean (SD)), 1788 (73) events (one every three seconds), 767 (99) events with injury potential (one every six seconds), and 2 (1) injuries (one every 45 minutes) per game were recorded. An overall injury incidence of 53 per 1000 playing hours was calculated. Receiving a tackle, receiving a "charge", and making a tackle were categorised as having a substantial injury risk, and goal catch, goal punch, kicking the ball, shot on goal, set kick, and heading the ball were all categorised as having a significant injury risk. All other actions were deemed low in risk. The first 15 minutes of each half contained the highest number of actions with mild injury potential, the last 15 minutes having the highest number of actions with moderate injury potential (p<0.01). The first and last 15 minutes of the game had the highest number of actions with high injury potential, although not significant. More actions with mild injury potential occurred in the goal area, and more actions with moderate and high injury potential occurred in the zone adjacent to the goal area (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between home and away with regard to injury potential. Conclusions: Playing actions with high injury risk were linked to contesting possession. Injury risk was highest in the first and last 15 minutes of the game, reflecting the intense engagements in the opening period and the possible effect of fatigue in the closing period. Injury risk was concentrated in the areas of the pitch where possession of the ball is most vigorously contested, which were specific attacking and defending zones close to the goal. Injury potential was no greater in away matches than at home.
Nature Neuroscience, 2002
Muscarinic, cholinergic receptor blockade produces an array of profound deficits in attentional p... more Muscarinic, cholinergic receptor blockade produces an array of profound deficits in attentional processing, memory acquisition and memory consolidation. Five muscarinic receptor subtypes and their corresponding genes, termed M 1 -M 5 , have been identified and cloned, but their high degree of sequence similarity has hindered the development of highly selective ligands 1 . Therefore, the broad array of deficits produced by antagonists such as scopolamine or atropine and more selective ligands (for example, pirenzepine or dicyclomine for M 1 ) could result from action at multiple receptor subtypes 1-3 .