Nancy Rawson - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Nancy Rawson
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2011
Neurobiology of Aging, 2012
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 2014
Toxicologic Pathology, 2009
Few studies have examined the induction of squamous metaplasia in human olfactory nasal tissue ca... more Few studies have examined the induction of squamous metaplasia in human olfactory nasal tissue caused by tobacco use and the implications it may have for olfaction, particularly when there are pre-existing insults, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Quantitative histopathological analyses were performed on Alcian blue- and H&E-stained sections of nasal biopsies taken from the upper aspect of the middle turbinate of CRS patients. Chronic rhinosinusitis patients who were current smokers had a predominance of squamous metaplasia in the olfactory sensory epithelium, whereas CRS patients who were nonsmokers and were not exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke had a prevalence of goblet cell hyperplasia. In spite of this difference, the groups did not differ significantly in olfactory threshold sensitivity. The impact of primary cigarette smoke on olfaction and a possible role of squamous metaplasia in preserving olfactory neurogenesis are discussed.
Developmental Dynamics, 2010
American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy, 2010
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex heterogeneous inflammatory disease that affe... more Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex heterogeneous inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity, but the pathological examination of the olfactory mucosa (OM) in this disease has been limited. Methods Nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from 20 control subjects and 50 CRS patients in conjunction with clinical assessments. Histopathology of these nasal biopsy specimens was performed and immunohistochemistry was used to characterize nonneuronal, neuronal, and inflammatory cells in the OM. These OM characteristics were then evaluated to determine the degree to which pathological features may be related to smell loss in CRS. Results Histopathological examination of control and CRS OM revealed changes in the normal pseudostratified olfactory epithelium (OE): intermixing of goblet cells, metaplasia to squamous-like cells, and erosion of the OE. Lower percentages of normal epithelium and olfactory sensory neurons were found in CRS OE compared with controls. Relative ...
Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2009
Cotinine is a principal metabolite of nicotine with a substantially longer half-life, and cotinin... more Cotinine is a principal metabolite of nicotine with a substantially longer half-life, and cotinine levels in saliva, urine or serum are widely used to validate self-reported smoking status. The nasal cavity and olfactory system are directly exposed to tobacco smoke in smokers and in non-smokers who live with or work around smokers. However, despite the potential for a direct impact of tobacco smoke on the nasal epithelium and olfactory neurons, no prior studies have assessed cotinine levels in nasal mucus. We sought to determine whether cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) would provide a reasonable estimate of smoke exposure. We assayed cotinine using a competitive immunoassay in NLF from 23 smokers, 10 non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke (ETS) and 60 non-smokers who did not report smoke exposure. NLF cotinine levels were significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers, regardless of their exposure to ambient tobacco smoke. Cotinine levels in this small group of exposed non-smokers were not significantly different than those of nonexposed non-smokers. A cutoff of 1 ng/ml provided a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 99% for smoking status in this sample. Data were consistent with self-reported smoking status, and a cutoff of 1.0 ng/ml NLF cotinine may be used to classify smoking status. While saliva is the most easily obtained body fluid, NLF can be used to provide an objective and precise indication of smoking status and more directly reflects smoke exposure in the nasal and olfactory mucosa.
... Key words: Olfactory dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases Correspondence: M. Hakan Ozdener... more ... Key words: Olfactory dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases Correspondence: M. Hakan Ozdener and Nancy Rawson Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St. Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA E-mail:hozdener@monell.org, rawson@monell.org ...
Sheng li ke xue jin zhan [Progress in physiology], 2009
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2009
Chronic inflammatory disorders of the nasal and oral cavities can result from a variety of extern... more Chronic inflammatory disorders of the nasal and oral cavities can result from a variety of external and internal causes such as infections, chemical exposures, traumatic injuries or surgery, cancer, medications or radiation therapy. The impact of these conditions on chemosensation has been characterized to varying degrees, and these chemosensory losses can be severe and long-lasting. In spite of the adverse impact on the patients, our understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying inflammation-associated chemosensory loss is limited, and therapeutic options are few and often are ineffective or only transiently effective. The lack of consistent diagnostic tools and criteria for defining these disorders has presented a challenge to researchers attempting to understand the chemosensory impact of inflammation. However, new insights into inflammatory pathways and tools to examine their activity in chemosensory tissues provide an opportunity for identifying targets for new therapeuti...
To determine the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (... more To determine the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on taste cell generation by utilizing a long-term rat taste cell culture that exhibits molecular and functional characteristics of mature taste cells. The role of neurotrophic factors in taste cell development is not well understood. Materials and methods: A long-term rat taste cell culture exhibiting molecular and functional characteristics of mature taste cells was used. The effects of 3 different concentrations of EGF and BDNF on taste cell differentiation and proliferation were examined at 3 different time points. Results: We showed the presence of BDNF, EGF receptor, and Trk-B immunoreactivity in subsets of cultured taste cells in vitro. EGF at 10 ng/mL increased the proliferation rate of cultured rat taste cells in 1- and 2-week-old cells. No treatment altered the proliferation rate at 4 weeks. Staining with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and gustducin antibodies demonstrated diffe...
Flavor Perception, 2004
... In a heterologous expression system, human T2R4 and mouse T2R8 have been shown to respond to ... more ... In a heterologous expression system, human T2R4 and mouse T2R8 have been shown to respond to denatonium and PROP; mouse T2R5 (orthologous to rat T2R9) is the bitter receptor for cycloheximide (Adler et al., 2000; Chandra-shekar et al., 2000; Matsunami et al., 2000 ...
Objectives: To determine the effect of transorbital craniotomy through a suprabrow approach on ol... more Objectives: To determine the effect of transorbital craniotomy through a suprabrow approach on olfaction and thereby develop a human model to evaluate the efficacy of medical therapy in the treatment of sensorineural anosmia. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing transorbital craniotomy through a suprabrow approach at a major medical center from April, 1997 through June, 2000. The effect of surgery on olfactory function was investigated via a phone questionnaire that assessed the sense of smell prior to and following craniotomy. Objective evaluation of olfactory function was evaluated via forced-choice threshold to phenylethyl alcohol and/or odor identification testing. Results: 28 patients completed retrospective phone interviews. Subjectively, 18 patients noted no change in their sense of smell postoperatively, 7 noted a decreased sense of smell and 3 noted improvement. 18 of 28 patients underwent objective testing, which did not agree with patient self-assessment in 4 of 18 instances. 8 of 18 patients tested anosmic and one of 18 tested unilaterally anosmic. No recovery of function was noted at follow-up of at least 8 months after surgery. Postoperative anosmia was more likely in midline or bilateral lesions (p= 0.050). Conclusions: Currently, no human model for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of sensorineural olfactory loss exists. Hyposmia and anosmia are common sequelae of transorbital craniotomy through a suprabrow approach. Such surgical procedures present opportunities for randomized, placebo-controlled human subjects trials studying the effect of medical therapy on the recovery of olfactory function.
Chemical Senses
Commercially available smell tests are primarily used in research or in-depth clinical evaluation... more Commercially available smell tests are primarily used in research or in-depth clinical evaluations and are too costly and time-consuming for population surveillance in health emergencies like COVID-19. To address this need, we developed the SCENTinel 1.0 test, which rapidly evaluates 3 olfactory functions: detection, intensity, and identification. We tested whether self-administering the SCENTinel 1.0 test discriminates between individuals with self-reported smell loss and those with average smell ability (normosmic individuals) and provides performance comparable to the validated and standardized NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test in normosmic individuals. Using Bayesian linear models and prognostic classification algorithms, we compared the SCENTinel 1.0 performance of a group of self-reported anosmic individuals (N = 111, 47 ± 13 years old, F = 71%) and normosmic individuals (N = 154, 47 ± 14 years old, F = 74%) as well as individuals reporting other smell disorders (such as hy...
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2011
Neurobiology of Aging, 2012
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 2014
Toxicologic Pathology, 2009
Few studies have examined the induction of squamous metaplasia in human olfactory nasal tissue ca... more Few studies have examined the induction of squamous metaplasia in human olfactory nasal tissue caused by tobacco use and the implications it may have for olfaction, particularly when there are pre-existing insults, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Quantitative histopathological analyses were performed on Alcian blue- and H&E-stained sections of nasal biopsies taken from the upper aspect of the middle turbinate of CRS patients. Chronic rhinosinusitis patients who were current smokers had a predominance of squamous metaplasia in the olfactory sensory epithelium, whereas CRS patients who were nonsmokers and were not exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke had a prevalence of goblet cell hyperplasia. In spite of this difference, the groups did not differ significantly in olfactory threshold sensitivity. The impact of primary cigarette smoke on olfaction and a possible role of squamous metaplasia in preserving olfactory neurogenesis are discussed.
Developmental Dynamics, 2010
American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy, 2010
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex heterogeneous inflammatory disease that affe... more Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex heterogeneous inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity, but the pathological examination of the olfactory mucosa (OM) in this disease has been limited. Methods Nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from 20 control subjects and 50 CRS patients in conjunction with clinical assessments. Histopathology of these nasal biopsy specimens was performed and immunohistochemistry was used to characterize nonneuronal, neuronal, and inflammatory cells in the OM. These OM characteristics were then evaluated to determine the degree to which pathological features may be related to smell loss in CRS. Results Histopathological examination of control and CRS OM revealed changes in the normal pseudostratified olfactory epithelium (OE): intermixing of goblet cells, metaplasia to squamous-like cells, and erosion of the OE. Lower percentages of normal epithelium and olfactory sensory neurons were found in CRS OE compared with controls. Relative ...
Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2009
Cotinine is a principal metabolite of nicotine with a substantially longer half-life, and cotinin... more Cotinine is a principal metabolite of nicotine with a substantially longer half-life, and cotinine levels in saliva, urine or serum are widely used to validate self-reported smoking status. The nasal cavity and olfactory system are directly exposed to tobacco smoke in smokers and in non-smokers who live with or work around smokers. However, despite the potential for a direct impact of tobacco smoke on the nasal epithelium and olfactory neurons, no prior studies have assessed cotinine levels in nasal mucus. We sought to determine whether cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) would provide a reasonable estimate of smoke exposure. We assayed cotinine using a competitive immunoassay in NLF from 23 smokers, 10 non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke (ETS) and 60 non-smokers who did not report smoke exposure. NLF cotinine levels were significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers, regardless of their exposure to ambient tobacco smoke. Cotinine levels in this small group of exposed non-smokers were not significantly different than those of nonexposed non-smokers. A cutoff of 1 ng/ml provided a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 99% for smoking status in this sample. Data were consistent with self-reported smoking status, and a cutoff of 1.0 ng/ml NLF cotinine may be used to classify smoking status. While saliva is the most easily obtained body fluid, NLF can be used to provide an objective and precise indication of smoking status and more directly reflects smoke exposure in the nasal and olfactory mucosa.
... Key words: Olfactory dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases Correspondence: M. Hakan Ozdener... more ... Key words: Olfactory dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases Correspondence: M. Hakan Ozdener and Nancy Rawson Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St. Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA E-mail:hozdener@monell.org, rawson@monell.org ...
Sheng li ke xue jin zhan [Progress in physiology], 2009
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2009
Chronic inflammatory disorders of the nasal and oral cavities can result from a variety of extern... more Chronic inflammatory disorders of the nasal and oral cavities can result from a variety of external and internal causes such as infections, chemical exposures, traumatic injuries or surgery, cancer, medications or radiation therapy. The impact of these conditions on chemosensation has been characterized to varying degrees, and these chemosensory losses can be severe and long-lasting. In spite of the adverse impact on the patients, our understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying inflammation-associated chemosensory loss is limited, and therapeutic options are few and often are ineffective or only transiently effective. The lack of consistent diagnostic tools and criteria for defining these disorders has presented a challenge to researchers attempting to understand the chemosensory impact of inflammation. However, new insights into inflammatory pathways and tools to examine their activity in chemosensory tissues provide an opportunity for identifying targets for new therapeuti...
To determine the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (... more To determine the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on taste cell generation by utilizing a long-term rat taste cell culture that exhibits molecular and functional characteristics of mature taste cells. The role of neurotrophic factors in taste cell development is not well understood. Materials and methods: A long-term rat taste cell culture exhibiting molecular and functional characteristics of mature taste cells was used. The effects of 3 different concentrations of EGF and BDNF on taste cell differentiation and proliferation were examined at 3 different time points. Results: We showed the presence of BDNF, EGF receptor, and Trk-B immunoreactivity in subsets of cultured taste cells in vitro. EGF at 10 ng/mL increased the proliferation rate of cultured rat taste cells in 1- and 2-week-old cells. No treatment altered the proliferation rate at 4 weeks. Staining with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and gustducin antibodies demonstrated diffe...
Flavor Perception, 2004
... In a heterologous expression system, human T2R4 and mouse T2R8 have been shown to respond to ... more ... In a heterologous expression system, human T2R4 and mouse T2R8 have been shown to respond to denatonium and PROP; mouse T2R5 (orthologous to rat T2R9) is the bitter receptor for cycloheximide (Adler et al., 2000; Chandra-shekar et al., 2000; Matsunami et al., 2000 ...
Objectives: To determine the effect of transorbital craniotomy through a suprabrow approach on ol... more Objectives: To determine the effect of transorbital craniotomy through a suprabrow approach on olfaction and thereby develop a human model to evaluate the efficacy of medical therapy in the treatment of sensorineural anosmia. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing transorbital craniotomy through a suprabrow approach at a major medical center from April, 1997 through June, 2000. The effect of surgery on olfactory function was investigated via a phone questionnaire that assessed the sense of smell prior to and following craniotomy. Objective evaluation of olfactory function was evaluated via forced-choice threshold to phenylethyl alcohol and/or odor identification testing. Results: 28 patients completed retrospective phone interviews. Subjectively, 18 patients noted no change in their sense of smell postoperatively, 7 noted a decreased sense of smell and 3 noted improvement. 18 of 28 patients underwent objective testing, which did not agree with patient self-assessment in 4 of 18 instances. 8 of 18 patients tested anosmic and one of 18 tested unilaterally anosmic. No recovery of function was noted at follow-up of at least 8 months after surgery. Postoperative anosmia was more likely in midline or bilateral lesions (p= 0.050). Conclusions: Currently, no human model for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of sensorineural olfactory loss exists. Hyposmia and anosmia are common sequelae of transorbital craniotomy through a suprabrow approach. Such surgical procedures present opportunities for randomized, placebo-controlled human subjects trials studying the effect of medical therapy on the recovery of olfactory function.
Chemical Senses
Commercially available smell tests are primarily used in research or in-depth clinical evaluation... more Commercially available smell tests are primarily used in research or in-depth clinical evaluations and are too costly and time-consuming for population surveillance in health emergencies like COVID-19. To address this need, we developed the SCENTinel 1.0 test, which rapidly evaluates 3 olfactory functions: detection, intensity, and identification. We tested whether self-administering the SCENTinel 1.0 test discriminates between individuals with self-reported smell loss and those with average smell ability (normosmic individuals) and provides performance comparable to the validated and standardized NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test in normosmic individuals. Using Bayesian linear models and prognostic classification algorithms, we compared the SCENTinel 1.0 performance of a group of self-reported anosmic individuals (N = 111, 47 ± 13 years old, F = 71%) and normosmic individuals (N = 154, 47 ± 14 years old, F = 74%) as well as individuals reporting other smell disorders (such as hy...