Nawwar Z Mamat - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nawwar Z Mamat

Research paper thumbnail of The Production of Catfish and Vegetables in an Aquaponic System

Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 2016

Aquaponic is a system that mutually integrates aquaculture and plant cultivation (by means of hyd... more Aquaponic is a system that mutually integrates aquaculture and plant cultivation (by means of hydroponic). Both crops are combined in a recirculating system that utilizes less water than the traditional farming. Nutrients contained in fish tanks are recycled into plant biomass with the presence of nitrifying bacteria that convert the excreted ammonia to nitrite and then to nitrate. In this study, fifteen sets of aquaponic system were developed to study the growth of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and three types of plants; the red and green-red amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The combination of aquaculture and hydroponic gives a new insight into increasing the efficiency of food production which respects principles of sustainable agriculture.

Research paper thumbnail of Partial replacement of fish meal by white leadtree meal in diets for juveniles of Giant River Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)

International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2017

The potential use of white leadtree (Leucaena leucocephala Lam.) meal to replace fish meal in die... more The potential use of white leadtree (Leucaena leucocephala Lam.) meal to replace fish meal in diets for Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) juveniles was assessed in a feeding trial. A total of 750 juveniles (approximately 2.0 cm/individual) were randomly assigned to fifteen tanks. Five iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated by replacing 12.5% (Diet 2), 25.0% (Diet 3), 37.5% (Diet 4) and 50.0% (Diet 5) of fish meal by L. leucocephala meal. A diet without fish meal substitution served as control treatment (Diet 1). The juveniles were fed the experimental diets for 70 days. Results revealed that juveniles fed with Diet 2 exhibited the highest specific growth rate (SGR) (3.62±0.13%) and daily growth rate (DGR) (0.014±0.0017 g day-1) followed by Diets 1 and 3. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in SGR values among juveniles fed with Diets 1, 2 and 3. Juveniles fed with Diets 4 (3.04±0.14%, 0.008±0.0007 g day-1) and 5 (2.70±0.13%, 0.006±0.0004 g day-1) showed lower SGR a...

Research paper thumbnail of Nutrition and broodstock conditioning of the New Zealand Pipi, Paphies australis

The New Zealand pipi, Paphies australis, occurs widely around the coast of New Zealand and belong... more The New Zealand pipi, Paphies australis, occurs widely around the coast of New Zealand and belonging to the family Mesodesmatidae. Pipi form a part of the recreational bivalve fishery, and there is also an annual restriction of the total commercial harvest. Previous investigations have examined the biological and ecological aspects of pipi in the wild. However, neither of them studied the nutritional requirements of pipi under hatchery conditions. This thesis discusses the feeding requirements of pipi collected from Waiwera Beach and Onehunga Harbour, during their growing and maturing stages. A series of studies on the cell clearance rates, feeding trials, proximate analysis, and broodstock conditioning of pipi clams were conducted over 15 months (September 2008 until December 2009) at the AUT Aquaculture Laboratory. In the cell clearance rates study, the rates for microalgal diets in descending order were Thalassiosira pseudonana > Isochrysis galbana > Chaetoceros muelleri &g...

Research paper thumbnail of Replacing Fishmeal With Palm Kernel Meal In Formulated Feed For The Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

Journal of Aquaculture Science

Utilisation of plant proteins to replace fish meal in shrimp feeds has become an important consid... more Utilisation of plant proteins to replace fish meal in shrimp feeds has become an important consideration because fish meal is becoming more expensive due to increasing demand worldwide. The potential use of palm kernel meal (PKM) in this study to substitute fish meal in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diets was evaluated by conducting a 90-day feeding trial. Shrimp juveniles with an initial average weight of 0.5 g, protein content of 10.74±0.70% were randomly distributed into five treatments in triplicates. Four isonitrogenous (approximately 35% protein) diets were formulated to contain 0% (D0), 25% (D25), 50% (D50) and 75% (D75) of PKM replacement and a commercial feed served as control treatment (Control). Results from this study revealed that shrimps fed D25 were comparable with those fed with Control as there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) between the groups. However, PKM inclusions above 50% showed detrime...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of microalgal and formulated diets for the culture of the New Zealand pipi clam Paphies australis

International Aquatic Research, Mar 18, 2014

A set of feeding trials was carried out for different microalgal species and processed diets for ... more A set of feeding trials was carried out for different microalgal species and processed diets for the culture of the New Zealand pipi, Paphies australis. Five microalgal species (Isochrysis galbana clone T-ISO, Pavlova lutheri, Tetraselmis suecica, Chaetoceros muelleri, and Thalassiosira pseudonana clone 3H) and three formulated diets (baker's yeast, wheat flour, and corn flour) were fed to spat, juvenile, and adult pipi for 21 days. Unfed pipi were used in the control group. The spat and juvenile pipi showed the major shell increase with I. galbana, while the greatest wet weight increase was obtained with P. lutheri. The shells of adult pipi grew better with corn flour and P. lutheri-fed group obtained the greatest wet weight. Results of proximate analysis in adult pipi revealed that proteins and lipids were accumulated in the tissue for all fed groups, while carbohydrate levels depleted in all treatments including the control group. It is suggested that the gonads have developed during the experiment.

Research paper thumbnail of The Production of Catfish and Vegetables in an Aquaponic System

Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 2016

Aquaponic is a system that mutually integrates aquaculture and plant cultivation (by means of hyd... more Aquaponic is a system that mutually integrates aquaculture and plant cultivation (by means of hydroponic). Both crops are combined in a recirculating system that utilizes less water than the traditional farming. Nutrients contained in fish tanks are recycled into plant biomass with the presence of nitrifying bacteria that convert the excreted ammonia to nitrite and then to nitrate. In this study, fifteen sets of aquaponic system were developed to study the growth of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and three types of plants; the red and green-red amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The combination of aquaculture and hydroponic gives a new insight into increasing the efficiency of food production which respects principles of sustainable agriculture.

Research paper thumbnail of Partial replacement of fish meal by white leadtree meal in diets for juveniles of Giant River Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)

International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2017

The potential use of white leadtree (Leucaena leucocephala Lam.) meal to replace fish meal in die... more The potential use of white leadtree (Leucaena leucocephala Lam.) meal to replace fish meal in diets for Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) juveniles was assessed in a feeding trial. A total of 750 juveniles (approximately 2.0 cm/individual) were randomly assigned to fifteen tanks. Five iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated by replacing 12.5% (Diet 2), 25.0% (Diet 3), 37.5% (Diet 4) and 50.0% (Diet 5) of fish meal by L. leucocephala meal. A diet without fish meal substitution served as control treatment (Diet 1). The juveniles were fed the experimental diets for 70 days. Results revealed that juveniles fed with Diet 2 exhibited the highest specific growth rate (SGR) (3.62±0.13%) and daily growth rate (DGR) (0.014±0.0017 g day-1) followed by Diets 1 and 3. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in SGR values among juveniles fed with Diets 1, 2 and 3. Juveniles fed with Diets 4 (3.04±0.14%, 0.008±0.0007 g day-1) and 5 (2.70±0.13%, 0.006±0.0004 g day-1) showed lower SGR a...

Research paper thumbnail of Nutrition and broodstock conditioning of the New Zealand Pipi, Paphies australis

The New Zealand pipi, Paphies australis, occurs widely around the coast of New Zealand and belong... more The New Zealand pipi, Paphies australis, occurs widely around the coast of New Zealand and belonging to the family Mesodesmatidae. Pipi form a part of the recreational bivalve fishery, and there is also an annual restriction of the total commercial harvest. Previous investigations have examined the biological and ecological aspects of pipi in the wild. However, neither of them studied the nutritional requirements of pipi under hatchery conditions. This thesis discusses the feeding requirements of pipi collected from Waiwera Beach and Onehunga Harbour, during their growing and maturing stages. A series of studies on the cell clearance rates, feeding trials, proximate analysis, and broodstock conditioning of pipi clams were conducted over 15 months (September 2008 until December 2009) at the AUT Aquaculture Laboratory. In the cell clearance rates study, the rates for microalgal diets in descending order were Thalassiosira pseudonana > Isochrysis galbana > Chaetoceros muelleri &g...

Research paper thumbnail of Replacing Fishmeal With Palm Kernel Meal In Formulated Feed For The Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

Journal of Aquaculture Science

Utilisation of plant proteins to replace fish meal in shrimp feeds has become an important consid... more Utilisation of plant proteins to replace fish meal in shrimp feeds has become an important consideration because fish meal is becoming more expensive due to increasing demand worldwide. The potential use of palm kernel meal (PKM) in this study to substitute fish meal in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diets was evaluated by conducting a 90-day feeding trial. Shrimp juveniles with an initial average weight of 0.5 g, protein content of 10.74±0.70% were randomly distributed into five treatments in triplicates. Four isonitrogenous (approximately 35% protein) diets were formulated to contain 0% (D0), 25% (D25), 50% (D50) and 75% (D75) of PKM replacement and a commercial feed served as control treatment (Control). Results from this study revealed that shrimps fed D25 were comparable with those fed with Control as there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) between the groups. However, PKM inclusions above 50% showed detrime...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of microalgal and formulated diets for the culture of the New Zealand pipi clam Paphies australis

International Aquatic Research, Mar 18, 2014

A set of feeding trials was carried out for different microalgal species and processed diets for ... more A set of feeding trials was carried out for different microalgal species and processed diets for the culture of the New Zealand pipi, Paphies australis. Five microalgal species (Isochrysis galbana clone T-ISO, Pavlova lutheri, Tetraselmis suecica, Chaetoceros muelleri, and Thalassiosira pseudonana clone 3H) and three formulated diets (baker's yeast, wheat flour, and corn flour) were fed to spat, juvenile, and adult pipi for 21 days. Unfed pipi were used in the control group. The spat and juvenile pipi showed the major shell increase with I. galbana, while the greatest wet weight increase was obtained with P. lutheri. The shells of adult pipi grew better with corn flour and P. lutheri-fed group obtained the greatest wet weight. Results of proximate analysis in adult pipi revealed that proteins and lipids were accumulated in the tissue for all fed groups, while carbohydrate levels depleted in all treatments including the control group. It is suggested that the gonads have developed during the experiment.