Ndahambelela Eiki - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ndahambelela Eiki
Scientific Reports, Dec 9, 2022
The therapeutic benefits of phenolic compounds found in plants are well known. The purpose of thi... more The therapeutic benefits of phenolic compounds found in plants are well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenolic content of ten plant species used as ethnoveterinary treatments in Namibia's Omusati and Kunene regions. The plants of concern were Aloe esculenta, Fockea angustifolia, Boscia albitrunca, Combretum imberbe, Acacia nilotica, Colophospermum mopane, Acacia erioloba, Ziziphus mucronata, Ximenia americana, and Salvadora persica. An LC-MS approach was used to identify the compounds. To analyse high-resolution UPLC-UV/MS, a Waters Acquity ultra-performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC) with a photodiode array detector was connected to a Waters Synapt G2 quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MS). The current study identified a total of 29 phenolic compounds. Flavonoids (epicatechin, (-)-Epigallocatechin, and rutin,) were the most abundant, followed by 2R, 3S-Piscidic acid. Methylisocitric acid was found in all species investigated, with the highest quantities in A. esculenta and X. americana leaf extracts. There were differences in composition and quantity of phenolic compounds in aerial and ground sections between species. The overall findings of the present study would act as a standard for subsequent investigations into the pharmacological potentials of plants species utilized as ethnoveterinary remedies. Priority should be given to isolating, purifying, and defining the active compounds responsible for these plants' activity. In both industrialized and developing nations worldwide, plants are currently used as traditional veterinary treatments 1,2. Because they are so crucial to conventional veterinary treatment, they are therefore promising candidates for drug development 3. Secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, with bioactive qualities are produced by plants 4. They are commonly found in fruits, vegetables, herbs, roots, leaves, and seeds, and they play important roles in structure, innate defence, reproduction, and sensorial properties (colour, bitterness, taste, and flavour) 5. Phenolic compounds are released in response to UV radiation, pathogen and parasite infection, and exposure to extreme temperatures 6. Pentose phosphate, shikimate, and phenylpropanoid pathways produce phenolic chemicals, which are secondary metabolites 7. The name "phenol" refers to a chemical structure that contains a phenyl ring with one or more hydroxyl substituents, and it is the most prevalent secondary metabolite in plants 8. Phenolic substances are made up of more than one aromatic ring and one or more hydroxyl functional groups 9. Phenolic compounds are a diverse category of molecules that have a variety of chemical configurations and are classified as monomeric, dimeric, or polymeric phenolics 10. The huge numbers of natural compounds, usually referred to as specialized (or secondary) metabolites, that are produced by plants are a useful resource for contemporary pharmacy 7. Thus, the study of bioactive compounds, extracts, and new ingredients from natural sources is currently receiving a lot of attention 11. To date, epidemiological evidence suggests that phenolic compounds have important roles, such as suppressing infections, and that they may help to reduce the occurrence of animal diseases 12. Phenolic compounds are also thought to play an important role in the treatment of veterinary diseases as natural antioxidants, antimicrobials, and antiparasitic agents 13. The goal of this study was to identify phenolic compounds in ten plant species
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2022
The aim of this study was to find, evaluate, and document ethnoveterinary medications used to tre... more The aim of this study was to find, evaluate, and document ethnoveterinary medications used to treat livestock ailments in Namibia's Omusati and Kunene regions. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview a total of 100 people. The results of the survey will be useful in creating the groundwork for future scientific research and validation. There were 15 veterinary medicinal plant species identified, which were divided into 10 families. The only types of growth that were utilized were trees, herbs, and bushes. Leaves (71%) were the most widely used plant parts for ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM), followed by bark (14%), stem (8%), and root (7%). Fresh components were frequently preferred in medical compositions. Oral administration was the most common (42.76%), followed by cutaneous (topical) administration (36.18%). Indigenous knowledge was largely passed down through the generations by word of mouth, indicating that it was vulnerable to fragmentation and loss. EVMs wer...
I am indebted to the University of South Africa for their contribution to the research proposal a... more I am indebted to the University of South Africa for their contribution to the research proposal and provision of various services. I am also grateful to the agriculture office of the Department of Agriculture, Water, and Forestry in Namibia, all staff for providing necessary information needed for this study. Special thanks go to farmers in north-central Namibia for taking part in the study and for allowing the use of their chickens without any incentives. I would like to express my gratitude to my husband: Mathews Eiki and our children: Levy, Sophia, and Savina for their understanding, love, and encouragement.
Veterinary Sciences
Background: Livestock represents an important sector for the livelihood of sub-Saharan African co... more Background: Livestock represents an important sector for the livelihood of sub-Saharan African countries’ inhabitants. In these countries, farmers raise livestock to meet household food demands and as additional sources of incomes, but its production is hampered by rampant animal diseases. The impact of animal diseases is particularly severe for poor communities that, although relying heavily on livestock, have limited access to modern veterinary services and therefore rely on indigenous medicines for the treatment of livestock ailments. Methods: The current review focuses on the ethnoveterinary health management practices found amongst livestock producers in sub-Saharan Africa. Documents were sourced from Google databases. Results: A total of 56 documents were reviewed, most of which were published recently (after 2000). The documents revealed the wide use of ethnoveterinary medicines among livestock producers in sub-Saharan African countries because of their cost and accessibility...
Scientific Reports, Dec 9, 2022
The therapeutic benefits of phenolic compounds found in plants are well known. The purpose of thi... more The therapeutic benefits of phenolic compounds found in plants are well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenolic content of ten plant species used as ethnoveterinary treatments in Namibia's Omusati and Kunene regions. The plants of concern were Aloe esculenta, Fockea angustifolia, Boscia albitrunca, Combretum imberbe, Acacia nilotica, Colophospermum mopane, Acacia erioloba, Ziziphus mucronata, Ximenia americana, and Salvadora persica. An LC-MS approach was used to identify the compounds. To analyse high-resolution UPLC-UV/MS, a Waters Acquity ultra-performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC) with a photodiode array detector was connected to a Waters Synapt G2 quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MS). The current study identified a total of 29 phenolic compounds. Flavonoids (epicatechin, (-)-Epigallocatechin, and rutin,) were the most abundant, followed by 2R, 3S-Piscidic acid. Methylisocitric acid was found in all species investigated, with the highest quantities in A. esculenta and X. americana leaf extracts. There were differences in composition and quantity of phenolic compounds in aerial and ground sections between species. The overall findings of the present study would act as a standard for subsequent investigations into the pharmacological potentials of plants species utilized as ethnoveterinary remedies. Priority should be given to isolating, purifying, and defining the active compounds responsible for these plants' activity. In both industrialized and developing nations worldwide, plants are currently used as traditional veterinary treatments 1,2. Because they are so crucial to conventional veterinary treatment, they are therefore promising candidates for drug development 3. Secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, with bioactive qualities are produced by plants 4. They are commonly found in fruits, vegetables, herbs, roots, leaves, and seeds, and they play important roles in structure, innate defence, reproduction, and sensorial properties (colour, bitterness, taste, and flavour) 5. Phenolic compounds are released in response to UV radiation, pathogen and parasite infection, and exposure to extreme temperatures 6. Pentose phosphate, shikimate, and phenylpropanoid pathways produce phenolic chemicals, which are secondary metabolites 7. The name "phenol" refers to a chemical structure that contains a phenyl ring with one or more hydroxyl substituents, and it is the most prevalent secondary metabolite in plants 8. Phenolic substances are made up of more than one aromatic ring and one or more hydroxyl functional groups 9. Phenolic compounds are a diverse category of molecules that have a variety of chemical configurations and are classified as monomeric, dimeric, or polymeric phenolics 10. The huge numbers of natural compounds, usually referred to as specialized (or secondary) metabolites, that are produced by plants are a useful resource for contemporary pharmacy 7. Thus, the study of bioactive compounds, extracts, and new ingredients from natural sources is currently receiving a lot of attention 11. To date, epidemiological evidence suggests that phenolic compounds have important roles, such as suppressing infections, and that they may help to reduce the occurrence of animal diseases 12. Phenolic compounds are also thought to play an important role in the treatment of veterinary diseases as natural antioxidants, antimicrobials, and antiparasitic agents 13. The goal of this study was to identify phenolic compounds in ten plant species
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2022
The aim of this study was to find, evaluate, and document ethnoveterinary medications used to tre... more The aim of this study was to find, evaluate, and document ethnoveterinary medications used to treat livestock ailments in Namibia's Omusati and Kunene regions. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview a total of 100 people. The results of the survey will be useful in creating the groundwork for future scientific research and validation. There were 15 veterinary medicinal plant species identified, which were divided into 10 families. The only types of growth that were utilized were trees, herbs, and bushes. Leaves (71%) were the most widely used plant parts for ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM), followed by bark (14%), stem (8%), and root (7%). Fresh components were frequently preferred in medical compositions. Oral administration was the most common (42.76%), followed by cutaneous (topical) administration (36.18%). Indigenous knowledge was largely passed down through the generations by word of mouth, indicating that it was vulnerable to fragmentation and loss. EVMs wer...
I am indebted to the University of South Africa for their contribution to the research proposal a... more I am indebted to the University of South Africa for their contribution to the research proposal and provision of various services. I am also grateful to the agriculture office of the Department of Agriculture, Water, and Forestry in Namibia, all staff for providing necessary information needed for this study. Special thanks go to farmers in north-central Namibia for taking part in the study and for allowing the use of their chickens without any incentives. I would like to express my gratitude to my husband: Mathews Eiki and our children: Levy, Sophia, and Savina for their understanding, love, and encouragement.
Veterinary Sciences
Background: Livestock represents an important sector for the livelihood of sub-Saharan African co... more Background: Livestock represents an important sector for the livelihood of sub-Saharan African countries’ inhabitants. In these countries, farmers raise livestock to meet household food demands and as additional sources of incomes, but its production is hampered by rampant animal diseases. The impact of animal diseases is particularly severe for poor communities that, although relying heavily on livestock, have limited access to modern veterinary services and therefore rely on indigenous medicines for the treatment of livestock ailments. Methods: The current review focuses on the ethnoveterinary health management practices found amongst livestock producers in sub-Saharan Africa. Documents were sourced from Google databases. Results: A total of 56 documents were reviewed, most of which were published recently (after 2000). The documents revealed the wide use of ethnoveterinary medicines among livestock producers in sub-Saharan African countries because of their cost and accessibility...