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Papers by Neville Chelin

Research paper thumbnail of Double-dose lopinavir-ritonavir in combination with rifampicin-based anti-tuberculosis treatment in South Africa

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2014

The optimal treatment for tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patien... more The optimal treatment for tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in resource-poor settings receiving lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r) based second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) has yet to be determined. In South Africa, clinicians are advised to use 'double-dose' LPV/r dosed at 800 mg/200 mg twice daily during antituberculosis treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Operationalizing early antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected in-patients with opportunistic infections including tuberculosis

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2012

BACKGROUND: We describe the outcomes of a program in which antiretroviral therapy (ART) is offere... more BACKGROUND: We describe the outcomes of a program in which antiretroviral therapy (ART) is offered to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in South Africa admitted with tuberculosis (TB) or other opportunistic infection (OI) as part of in-patient care. METHODS: Patients admitted with HIV and concurrent TB or other OI were initiated on early inpatient ART. The primary and secondary endpoints were respectively 24-week mortality and 24week virologic suppression. Multivariable logistic regression modeling explored the associations between baseline (i.e., pre-hospital discharge) characteristics and mortality at 24 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 382 patients were prospectively enrolled (48% women, median age 37 years, median CD4 count 33 cells/mm 3). Acute OIs were pulmonary TB, 39%; extra-pulmonary TB, 25%; cryptococcal meningitis (CM), 10%; and chronic diarrhea, 9%. The median time from admission to ART initiation was 14 days (range 4-32, IQR 11-18). At 24 weeks of follow-up, astreated and intention-to-treat virologic suppression were respectively 57% and 93%. Median change in CD4 cell count was +100 cells/mm 3 , overall 24-week mortality was 25% and loss to follow-up, 5%. Excess mortality was not observed among patients with CM who initiated early ART. A longer interval between admission and ART was associated with mortality (>21 days vs.

Research paper thumbnail of Outcomes after virologic failure of first-line ART in South Africa

Research paper thumbnail of Double-dose lopinavir-ritonavir in combination with rifampicin-based anti-tuberculosis treatment in South Africa

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2014

The optimal treatment for tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patien... more The optimal treatment for tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in resource-poor settings receiving lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r) based second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) has yet to be determined. In South Africa, clinicians are advised to use 'double-dose' LPV/r dosed at 800 mg/200 mg twice daily during antituberculosis treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Operationalizing early antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected in-patients with opportunistic infections including tuberculosis

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2012

BACKGROUND: We describe the outcomes of a program in which antiretroviral therapy (ART) is offere... more BACKGROUND: We describe the outcomes of a program in which antiretroviral therapy (ART) is offered to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in South Africa admitted with tuberculosis (TB) or other opportunistic infection (OI) as part of in-patient care. METHODS: Patients admitted with HIV and concurrent TB or other OI were initiated on early inpatient ART. The primary and secondary endpoints were respectively 24-week mortality and 24week virologic suppression. Multivariable logistic regression modeling explored the associations between baseline (i.e., pre-hospital discharge) characteristics and mortality at 24 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 382 patients were prospectively enrolled (48% women, median age 37 years, median CD4 count 33 cells/mm 3). Acute OIs were pulmonary TB, 39%; extra-pulmonary TB, 25%; cryptococcal meningitis (CM), 10%; and chronic diarrhea, 9%. The median time from admission to ART initiation was 14 days (range 4-32, IQR 11-18). At 24 weeks of follow-up, astreated and intention-to-treat virologic suppression were respectively 57% and 93%. Median change in CD4 cell count was +100 cells/mm 3 , overall 24-week mortality was 25% and loss to follow-up, 5%. Excess mortality was not observed among patients with CM who initiated early ART. A longer interval between admission and ART was associated with mortality (>21 days vs.

Research paper thumbnail of Outcomes after virologic failure of first-line ART in South Africa

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