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Papers by Nick Carmichael

Research paper thumbnail of Blood biochemistry and haematology values of juvenile Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) raised in captivity for reintroduction

Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research, 2017

The Eurasian crane ( Grus grus ) is currently held in over 50 zoological collections worldwide an... more The Eurasian crane ( Grus grus ) is currently held in over 50 zoological collections worldwide and present in the wild in a number of countries across Europe and Asia. Normal ranges have not previously been published for a number of haematological and biochemical parameters in the species and this study is the first to provide biochemical parameters in captive individuals of this species. Blood samples were collected from 90 juvenile Eurasian cranes with an average age of 70 days, across five consecutive years (2010-14), as part of health screening prior to reintroduction in the south-western UK. Haematology and biochemistry values were determined for 40 parameters. Statistical analyses were carried out to determine the effect of age, sex and year on these values. Mean values of many haematological and biochemical parameters differed between years: haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, heterophil percentage and number, lymphocyte percentage...

Research paper thumbnail of Cerebral and conjunctival haemorrhages associated with von Willebrand factor deficiency and canine angiostrongylosis

Journal of Small Animal Practice, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Secondary lymphoedema in a dog

Journal of Small Animal Practice, 1986

... Cases of primary lymphoedema associated with congenital deformities of the lymphatics have be... more ... Cases of primary lymphoedema associated with congenital deformities of the lymphatics have been identified in dogs (Patterson & Medway, 1966; Ladds, Dennis & Leipold, 1971; Sanders, 1971; Griffin & MacCoy, 1978; Leighton & Suter, 1979; Davies et al., 1979; Gill & Lee ...

Research paper thumbnail of Association of canine hypothyroidism with a common major histocompatibility complex DLA class II allele

Tissue Antigens, 2006

Dogs exhibit a range of immune-mediated conditions including a lymphocytic thyroiditis which has ... more Dogs exhibit a range of immune-mediated conditions including a lymphocytic thyroiditis which has many similarities to Hashimoto's thyroiditis in man. We have recently reported an association in Doberman Pinschers between canine hypothyroidism and a rare DLA class II haplotype that contains the DLA-DQA1*00101 allele. We now report a further series of 173 hypothyroid dogs in a range of breeds where a significant association with DLA-DQA1*00101 is shown.

Research paper thumbnail of Beyond microscopy: using molecular testing on routine cytology samples

Research paper thumbnail of Laboratory testing for poisoning in practice: how, when and why we test for toxins

BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2020, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Mycoplasma haemocanis infection in a dog detected by blood smear evaluation and real-time PCR

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosing poisoning in practice: interactive case discussion

Research paper thumbnail of Laboratory techniques

BSAVA Manual of Exotic Pet and Wildlife Nursing

Research paper thumbnail of α-Chloralose poisoning in a cat

Veterinary Record Case Reports, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Reporting cases of Fanconi syndrome in dogs in the UK

The Veterinary record, Jan 14, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Acquired Fanconi-like syndrome cases associated with dried chicken and duck meat ingestion

The Veterinary record, Jan 20, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Fanconi syndrome in dog in the UK

The Veterinary record, Jan 5, 2014

GB, including the AHVLA's Veterinary Investigation Diagnosis and Analysis (VIDA) process. These t... more GB, including the AHVLA's Veterinary Investigation Diagnosis and Analysis (VIDA) process. These threats are assessed by the CEG and potentially significant ones that could have an impact on our livestock industry are reviewed by the Veterinary Risk Group, a multiagency UK group that further assesses, characterises and ranks each threat through a standardised peer-reviewed riskbased approach. Thirdly, this ranking is used to inform the response required, including if there is a need for active surveillance, which is then developed. With respect to BVD, occurrence of BVD type 2 in the UK in 2007 prompted active surveillance which is ongoing, and the recent outbreaks in continental Europe confirm its value given continual trade. All of the samples submitted for testing with the AHVLA's PCR which can differentiate BVD-1,-2 and border disease, and all positive Erns antigen tests, are further screened by PCR to confirm the type. Further sequencing is only undertaken on an individual case basis. With regard to trade, non-notifiable endemic diseases remain the responsibility of the importer, who should take advice from their veterinarian about the potential risks to their herds (and beyond) from importation. Mr Kerby's initiative is very welcome, especially as the emphasis in surveillance in GB moves more towards a more collaborative approach.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of FeLV in sick cats

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of serum biochemistry and haematology values in captive and free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2014

ABSTRACT Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare 15 haematology and biochemistry data f... more ABSTRACT Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare 15 haematology and biochemistry data for captive and free- 16 ranging wild boar in the UK and to evaluate whether signif- 17 icant differences were present between these two boar popu- 18 lations. The samples from the captive wild boar comprised 18 19 adult females housed in three interconnected outdoor pad- 20 docks, whilst the samples from free-ranging wild boar com- 21 prised 19 adult females living in unrestricted woodland. 22 Samples were obtained under general anaesthesia during 23 health checks. Free-ranging wild boar had significantly lower 24 serum concentrations of total protein, globulin, ionised calci- 25 um, urea, creatinine and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity and significantly higher serumconcentrations of phos- 26 phate, bile acids and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 27 compared with captive wild boar. Haematological values for 28 free-ranging wild boar showed significantly higher red blood 29 cell counts (RBC), white blood cell counts (WBC) and neu- 30 trophil counts and significantly lower mean cell volume 31 (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). These 32 results provide evidence that significant differences in serum 33 biochemistry and haematology values may exist between 34 captive and free-ranging populations of the same native spe- 35 cies. Such differencesmay need to be consideredwhen studies 36 are undertaken or reported from wild animal populations in 37 semi-natural husbandry situations. Potential sources of these 38 differences may include nutritional state, level of activity and 39 environmental stress.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of real-time quantitative PCR to document successful treatment of Mycoplasma haemocanis infection with doxycycline in a dog

Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 2012

An 8-year-old Jack Russell Terrier was diagnosed with hemolytic anemia caused by hemoplasmosis 4 ... more An 8-year-old Jack Russell Terrier was diagnosed with hemolytic anemia caused by hemoplasmosis 4 years following splenectomy. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis was used initially to confirm infection with Mycoplasma haemocanis and subsequently to monitor and direct medical therapy. Doxycycline was administered beyond resolution of clinical signs until hemoplasma DNA could no longer be detected by qPCR. The dog remained clinically healthy and hemoplasma-negative 8 months following cessation of therapy. Canine hemoplasmosis should remain as a differential diagnosis for hemolytic anemia in dogs, particularly those that are splenectomized or immunocompromised, even in geographic regions where prevalence of infection is low. Prolonged doxycycline administration has been shown by qPCR to lead to sustained absence of detectable infection and should be considered as a first line treatment for canine hemoplasmosis.

Research paper thumbnail of Blood biochemistry and haematology values of juvenile Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) raised in captivity for reintroduction

Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research, 2017

The Eurasian crane ( Grus grus ) is currently held in over 50 zoological collections worldwide an... more The Eurasian crane ( Grus grus ) is currently held in over 50 zoological collections worldwide and present in the wild in a number of countries across Europe and Asia. Normal ranges have not previously been published for a number of haematological and biochemical parameters in the species and this study is the first to provide biochemical parameters in captive individuals of this species. Blood samples were collected from 90 juvenile Eurasian cranes with an average age of 70 days, across five consecutive years (2010-14), as part of health screening prior to reintroduction in the south-western UK. Haematology and biochemistry values were determined for 40 parameters. Statistical analyses were carried out to determine the effect of age, sex and year on these values. Mean values of many haematological and biochemical parameters differed between years: haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, heterophil percentage and number, lymphocyte percentage...

Research paper thumbnail of Cerebral and conjunctival haemorrhages associated with von Willebrand factor deficiency and canine angiostrongylosis

Journal of Small Animal Practice, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Secondary lymphoedema in a dog

Journal of Small Animal Practice, 1986

... Cases of primary lymphoedema associated with congenital deformities of the lymphatics have be... more ... Cases of primary lymphoedema associated with congenital deformities of the lymphatics have been identified in dogs (Patterson & Medway, 1966; Ladds, Dennis & Leipold, 1971; Sanders, 1971; Griffin & MacCoy, 1978; Leighton & Suter, 1979; Davies et al., 1979; Gill & Lee ...

Research paper thumbnail of Association of canine hypothyroidism with a common major histocompatibility complex DLA class II allele

Tissue Antigens, 2006

Dogs exhibit a range of immune-mediated conditions including a lymphocytic thyroiditis which has ... more Dogs exhibit a range of immune-mediated conditions including a lymphocytic thyroiditis which has many similarities to Hashimoto's thyroiditis in man. We have recently reported an association in Doberman Pinschers between canine hypothyroidism and a rare DLA class II haplotype that contains the DLA-DQA1*00101 allele. We now report a further series of 173 hypothyroid dogs in a range of breeds where a significant association with DLA-DQA1*00101 is shown.

Research paper thumbnail of Beyond microscopy: using molecular testing on routine cytology samples

Research paper thumbnail of Laboratory testing for poisoning in practice: how, when and why we test for toxins

BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2020, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Mycoplasma haemocanis infection in a dog detected by blood smear evaluation and real-time PCR

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosing poisoning in practice: interactive case discussion

Research paper thumbnail of Laboratory techniques

BSAVA Manual of Exotic Pet and Wildlife Nursing

Research paper thumbnail of α-Chloralose poisoning in a cat

Veterinary Record Case Reports, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Reporting cases of Fanconi syndrome in dogs in the UK

The Veterinary record, Jan 14, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Acquired Fanconi-like syndrome cases associated with dried chicken and duck meat ingestion

The Veterinary record, Jan 20, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Fanconi syndrome in dog in the UK

The Veterinary record, Jan 5, 2014

GB, including the AHVLA's Veterinary Investigation Diagnosis and Analysis (VIDA) process. These t... more GB, including the AHVLA's Veterinary Investigation Diagnosis and Analysis (VIDA) process. These threats are assessed by the CEG and potentially significant ones that could have an impact on our livestock industry are reviewed by the Veterinary Risk Group, a multiagency UK group that further assesses, characterises and ranks each threat through a standardised peer-reviewed riskbased approach. Thirdly, this ranking is used to inform the response required, including if there is a need for active surveillance, which is then developed. With respect to BVD, occurrence of BVD type 2 in the UK in 2007 prompted active surveillance which is ongoing, and the recent outbreaks in continental Europe confirm its value given continual trade. All of the samples submitted for testing with the AHVLA's PCR which can differentiate BVD-1,-2 and border disease, and all positive Erns antigen tests, are further screened by PCR to confirm the type. Further sequencing is only undertaken on an individual case basis. With regard to trade, non-notifiable endemic diseases remain the responsibility of the importer, who should take advice from their veterinarian about the potential risks to their herds (and beyond) from importation. Mr Kerby's initiative is very welcome, especially as the emphasis in surveillance in GB moves more towards a more collaborative approach.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of FeLV in sick cats

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of serum biochemistry and haematology values in captive and free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2014

ABSTRACT Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare 15 haematology and biochemistry data f... more ABSTRACT Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare 15 haematology and biochemistry data for captive and free- 16 ranging wild boar in the UK and to evaluate whether signif- 17 icant differences were present between these two boar popu- 18 lations. The samples from the captive wild boar comprised 18 19 adult females housed in three interconnected outdoor pad- 20 docks, whilst the samples from free-ranging wild boar com- 21 prised 19 adult females living in unrestricted woodland. 22 Samples were obtained under general anaesthesia during 23 health checks. Free-ranging wild boar had significantly lower 24 serum concentrations of total protein, globulin, ionised calci- 25 um, urea, creatinine and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity and significantly higher serumconcentrations of phos- 26 phate, bile acids and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 27 compared with captive wild boar. Haematological values for 28 free-ranging wild boar showed significantly higher red blood 29 cell counts (RBC), white blood cell counts (WBC) and neu- 30 trophil counts and significantly lower mean cell volume 31 (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). These 32 results provide evidence that significant differences in serum 33 biochemistry and haematology values may exist between 34 captive and free-ranging populations of the same native spe- 35 cies. Such differencesmay need to be consideredwhen studies 36 are undertaken or reported from wild animal populations in 37 semi-natural husbandry situations. Potential sources of these 38 differences may include nutritional state, level of activity and 39 environmental stress.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of real-time quantitative PCR to document successful treatment of Mycoplasma haemocanis infection with doxycycline in a dog

Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 2012

An 8-year-old Jack Russell Terrier was diagnosed with hemolytic anemia caused by hemoplasmosis 4 ... more An 8-year-old Jack Russell Terrier was diagnosed with hemolytic anemia caused by hemoplasmosis 4 years following splenectomy. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis was used initially to confirm infection with Mycoplasma haemocanis and subsequently to monitor and direct medical therapy. Doxycycline was administered beyond resolution of clinical signs until hemoplasma DNA could no longer be detected by qPCR. The dog remained clinically healthy and hemoplasma-negative 8 months following cessation of therapy. Canine hemoplasmosis should remain as a differential diagnosis for hemolytic anemia in dogs, particularly those that are splenectomized or immunocompromised, even in geographic regions where prevalence of infection is low. Prolonged doxycycline administration has been shown by qPCR to lead to sustained absence of detectable infection and should be considered as a first line treatment for canine hemoplasmosis.