Nicolas Louveton - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Nicolas Louveton
Les intersections constituent un enjeu de securite routiere. Sur les routes francaises, en 2007, ... more Les intersections constituent un enjeu de securite routiere. Sur les routes francaises, en 2007, les accidents en intersections correspondent a 28 % des accidents et 12 % des accidents mortels (ONISR, Bilan 2007). Les mecanismes perceptifs des conducteurs dans cette situation ont fait l'objet de nombreuses etudes. Cependant, peu de recherches se sont interessees a l'interaction entre processus perceptifs et moteurs ainsi que sur le controle fin du vehicule au cours de la manœuvre de traversee de carrefour. Dans la perspective de combler cette lacune, cet article presente la problematique de la these, les resultats de la premiere etude menee sur le simulateur du departement mecanismes d'accidents a Salon-de-Provence ainsi que les pistes qu'elle ouvre.
Gamification is often thought of as the end result or outcome of a project. In this paper we expl... more Gamification is often thought of as the end result or outcome of a project. In this paper we explore how it can also be adopted during the conceptual design stage using metaphorical games and as a method of testing concepts within a more advanced simulation environment. We explore this from the perspective of the I-GEAR project where it is used as one of many methods in the design of a commuter mobility game.
La deficience visuelle a un impact eleve sur la mobilite des personnes qui en sont affectees. Les... more La deficience visuelle a un impact eleve sur la mobilite des personnes qui en sont affectees. Les nouvelles technologies, comme celles dites de substitution sensorielle, sont prometteuses pour porter assistance aux personnes aveugles dans cette activite quotidienne. Cependant, il existe peu de protocoles rapides et rationalises pour evaluer leur reelle efficacite en situation ecologique. Cette recherche a pour objectif de proposer une telle methode d'evaluation. Nous chercherons tout d'abord a definir un cadre de travail conceptuel pour construire notre protocole, nous l'appliquerons ensuite sur le dispositif de substitution visuo-auditif TheVibe. Le protocole est fonde sur l'apprentissage et la perturbation de l'activite sensori-motrice permise par le dispositif afin de demontrer son utilisabilite. Cette experience implique 20 participants aux yeux bandes qui devront apprendre un parcours avec le dispositif TheVibe. Apres apprentissage, ils doivent restituer le ...
Although the principle of vision sensory substitution has been validated for over thirty years, i... more Although the principle of vision sensory substitution has been validated for over thirty years, its potential benefit for visually impaired people still remain largely untapped. The existing devices appears inefficient with respect to the actual problems impairing the daily life of visually impaired subjects. Recent advances in the comprehension of the signal processing in the visual system and about the visual process in itself offers new pathways for the improvement of these devices. However, a pre-requisite to any inquiries in this field is the establishment of new evaluation methods to assess the behavioral effect of these devices. Such methods should take into account the end user’s need, should be carried in ecological environment, and should give results in a short time scale in order to be included in the conception loop of the device. In this study, we designed an experiment which match these criteria. We tested the effect of a recent visuo-auditory substitution system name...
Designing trust-based in-car interfaces is critical for the adoption of self-driving cars. Indeed... more Designing trust-based in-car interfaces is critical for the adoption of self-driving cars. Indeed, latest studies revealed that a vast majority of drivers are not willing to trust this technology.
This paper presents an architecture and partially built simulation platform which is designed to ... more This paper presents an architecture and partially built simulation platform which is designed to offer a flexible open ended approach for conducting laboratory experiments. The emphasis is on supporting multiple drivers and the ability to swap in and out different software components and devices.
The rapid emergence of new technologies in recent decades has opened up a world of opportunities ... more The rapid emergence of new technologies in recent decades has opened up a world of opportunities for a better understanding of human mobility and behavior. It is now possible to recognize human movements, physical activity and the environments in which they take place. And this can be done with high precision, thanks to miniature sensors integrated into our everyday devices. In this paper, we explore different methodologies for recognizing and characterizing physical activities performed by people wearing new smart devices. Whether it's smartglasses, smartwatches or smartphones, we show that each of these specialized wearables has a role to play in interpreting and monitoring moments in a user's life. In particular, we propose an approach that splits the concept of physical activity into two sub-categories that we call micro-and macro-activities. Micro-and macro-activities are supposed to have functional relationship with each other and should therefore help to better unders...
RÉSUMÉ Les systèmes d'infotainment embarqués dans les véhicules sont amenés à se multiplier d... more RÉSUMÉ Les systèmes d'infotainment embarqués dans les véhicules sont amenés à se multiplier davantage dans les années à venir. Bien que cette tendance mette en évidence la nécessité de comprendre et d'optimiser la charge attentionnelle placée sur le conducteur, force est de constater qu'il existe peu de données et d'outils communs pour la conception et l'évaluation de tels systèmes. Nous présentons deux directions que la communauté doit poursuivre pour améliorer cette situation ainsi qu'une plate-‐forme de simulation automobile que nous développons et dont l'architecture favorise la ré-‐utilisation des composants logiciels et la reproductibilité des résultats.
The study of human mobility and activities has opened up to an incredible number of studies in th... more The study of human mobility and activities has opened up to an incredible number of studies in the past, most of which included the use of sensors distributed on the body of the subject. More recently, the use of smart devices has been particularly relevant because they are already everywhere and they come with accurate miniaturized sensors. Whether it is smartphones, smartwatches or smartglasses, each device can be used to describe complementary information such as emotions, precise movements, or environmental conditions. In this short paper, we release the applications we have developed and an example of a collected dataset. We propose that opening multi-sensors data from daily activities may enable new approaches to studying human behavior.
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
Abstract This paper provides a taxonomy of different forms of autonomous vehicle handover situati... more Abstract This paper provides a taxonomy of different forms of autonomous vehicle handover situations. It covers scheduled, emergency and non-emergency handovers and it differentiates between system and driver initiated handovers. The purpose is to examine how the system and driver are responsible for different stages in the transition timeline, i.e., first alert, handover phase, and return to automated control (handback). This is examined from the perspective of SAE levels in comparison to aspects drawn from situational awareness. The work is complemented by analysis drawn from current practice within the insurance industry and interviews with insurers. The result is a closer examination of system and driver responsibility which is independent of but includes SAE levels with respect to specific handover situations. It also identifies gaps between the current legal liability for accidents when compared to aspects such as the situational awareness requirements placed on driver under different driving conditions.
International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications
This study is assessing the sensitivity of an affordable BCI device in the context of driver dist... more This study is assessing the sensitivity of an affordable BCI device in the context of driver distraction in both low-fidelity simulator and real-world driving environments. Twenty-three participants performed a car following task while using a smartphone application involving a range of generic smartphone widgets. On the first hand, the results demonstrated that secondary task completion time is a fairly robust metric as it is sensitive to user-interfaces style while being consistent between the two driving environments. On the second hand, while the BCI attention level metric was not sensitive to the different user-interfaces, we found it to be significantly higher in the real-driving environment than in the simulated one, which reproduces findings obtained with medical-grade sensors.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications - Automotive'UI 16, 2016
In the scope of autonomous driving, the question arises if the increased use of automated systems... more In the scope of autonomous driving, the question arises if the increased use of automated systems will have an impact on driver's skills in handling the car in the long term. In order to gain more insights on the issue of driver deskilling and how it relates to driving experience and time intervals of non-driving, we conducted an online survey (n=703) considering three driver groups. We found that initial skilling is more of an issue than deskilling after long periods of driving inactivity, i.e., while once learned driving skills seem to remain stable after longer periods of non-driving, they are much more influenced by driving experience in terms of annual mileage and frequency of use. Applied to the autonomous context, this means that drivers must be trained to a high enough skill level or require sufficient manual driving experience, in order to be able to react properly when driving themselves.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, 2016
This paper proposes a taxonomy of autonomous vehicle handover situations with a particular emphas... more This paper proposes a taxonomy of autonomous vehicle handover situations with a particular emphasis on situational awareness. It focuses on a number of research challenges such as: legal responsibility, the situational awareness level of the driver and the vehicle, the knowledge the vehicle must have of the driver's driving skills as well as the in-vehicle context. The taxonomy acts as a starting point for researchers and practitioners to frame the discussion on this complex problem.
2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), 2016
The emergence of new connected devices has opened up new opportunities and allowed to imagine con... more The emergence of new connected devices has opened up new opportunities and allowed to imagine concepts that bring computer sciences and social sciences closer together. In particular, today's increasingly sophisticated miniature sensors allow to track and understand human activities and behavior with a great precision. Taking different approaches and perspectives, we use in this paper smartwatches and smartglasses to explore these behaviors and show that these objects, considered by many as gadgets, have an important role to play in understanding the lives of individuals. The main objective of this work is to introduce two new scales of activity detection, which lacks a formal and consistent definition in the literature. First, we propose a model that precisely detects and interprets movements made by a person wearing smart devices. Then, we use this model to show different interactions between those micro-activities and bigger chunks of behaviors we call macro-activities. Using a new concept based on 3D visualization, we finally show that combining those two scales and using a limited dataset, it is possible to distinguish between different individuals when they are performing very similar activities. The findings of this study lead the way to enhanced user profiling.
2016 9th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI), 2016
Smart and wearable devices are trendy electronic objects that have become increasingly popular in... more Smart and wearable devices are trendy electronic objects that have become increasingly popular in recent years. Those devices are, by definition, tightly connected with the user's personal activities. Authentication is therefore a critical feature for both identifying users and personalizing the services on the device. In particular, the emergence of smartglasses changed the way we thought a wearable could assist users in their daily activities. As designed by commercial providers, smartglasses are sold with a very specific set of interactions capabilities. These capabilities have a strong impact on how comfortably or safely users may authenticate to their smartglasses. For this reason, we investigate in this paper the different authentication methods available for smartphones and we comparatively position the smartglasses in the design space of authentication methods. We propose a new approach based on touch input on an arbitrary surface using thermal camera input. This approach aims to circumvent the lack of touch surface provided by smartglasses, while maintaining an acceptable level of security.
2016 9th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI), 2016
Despite the rapid pace of gadgets released on the market, research in the area of usable interfac... more Despite the rapid pace of gadgets released on the market, research in the area of usable interfaces for wearables is lagging behind. Smartglasses are new wearables that embed diverse sensors but also have small displays, and this makes it hard for the wearer to visualize real-time data. To bridge this gap, the contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we propose a data representation model to combine applications and services that match user activities and contexts. Second, we present an approach of showing relevant services to the user based on `tiles' (such as those in recent Microsoft Windows interfaces) while considering the device constraints. Finally, we suggest that combining those two aspects can open the way to personalized services for the end user, creating new ways of interacting with applications and devices.
Applied Ergonomics, 2016
Innovative in-car applications provided on smartphones can deliver real-time alternative mobility... more Innovative in-car applications provided on smartphones can deliver real-time alternative mobility choices and subsequently generate visual-manual demand. Prior studies have found that multi-touch gestures such as kinetic scrolling are problematic in this respect. In this study we evaluate three prototype tasks which can be found in common mobile interaction use-cases. In a repeatedmeasures design, 29 participants interacted with the prototypes in a car-following task within a driving simulator environment. Task completion, driving performance and eye gaze have been analysed. We found that the slider widget used in the filtering task was too demanding and led to poor performance, while kinetic scrolling generated a comparable amount of visual distraction despite it requiring a lower degree of finger pointing accuracy. We discuss how to improve continuous list browsing in a dual-task context.
The emergence of new connected devices has opened up new opportunities and allowed to imagine con... more The emergence of new connected devices has opened up new opportunities and allowed to imagine concepts that bring computer sciences and social sciences closer together. In particular, today's increasingly sophisticated miniature sensors allow to track and understand human activities and behavior with a great precision. Taking different approaches and perspectives, we use in this paper smartwatches and smartglasses to explore these behaviors and show that these objects, considered by many as gadgets, have an important role to play in understanding the lives of individuals. The main objective of this work is to introduce two new scales of activity detection, which lacks a formal and consistent definition in the literature. First, we propose a model that precisely detects and interprets movements made by a person wearing smart devices. Then, we use this model to show different interactions between those micro-activities and bigger chunks of behaviors we call macro-activities. Using a new concept based on 3D visualization, we finally show that combining those two scales and using a limited dataset, it is possible to distinguish between different individuals when they are performing very similar activities. The findings of this study lead the way to enhanced user profiling.
Les intersections constituent un enjeu de securite routiere. Sur les routes francaises, en 2007, ... more Les intersections constituent un enjeu de securite routiere. Sur les routes francaises, en 2007, les accidents en intersections correspondent a 28 % des accidents et 12 % des accidents mortels (ONISR, Bilan 2007). Les mecanismes perceptifs des conducteurs dans cette situation ont fait l'objet de nombreuses etudes. Cependant, peu de recherches se sont interessees a l'interaction entre processus perceptifs et moteurs ainsi que sur le controle fin du vehicule au cours de la manœuvre de traversee de carrefour. Dans la perspective de combler cette lacune, cet article presente la problematique de la these, les resultats de la premiere etude menee sur le simulateur du departement mecanismes d'accidents a Salon-de-Provence ainsi que les pistes qu'elle ouvre.
Gamification is often thought of as the end result or outcome of a project. In this paper we expl... more Gamification is often thought of as the end result or outcome of a project. In this paper we explore how it can also be adopted during the conceptual design stage using metaphorical games and as a method of testing concepts within a more advanced simulation environment. We explore this from the perspective of the I-GEAR project where it is used as one of many methods in the design of a commuter mobility game.
La deficience visuelle a un impact eleve sur la mobilite des personnes qui en sont affectees. Les... more La deficience visuelle a un impact eleve sur la mobilite des personnes qui en sont affectees. Les nouvelles technologies, comme celles dites de substitution sensorielle, sont prometteuses pour porter assistance aux personnes aveugles dans cette activite quotidienne. Cependant, il existe peu de protocoles rapides et rationalises pour evaluer leur reelle efficacite en situation ecologique. Cette recherche a pour objectif de proposer une telle methode d'evaluation. Nous chercherons tout d'abord a definir un cadre de travail conceptuel pour construire notre protocole, nous l'appliquerons ensuite sur le dispositif de substitution visuo-auditif TheVibe. Le protocole est fonde sur l'apprentissage et la perturbation de l'activite sensori-motrice permise par le dispositif afin de demontrer son utilisabilite. Cette experience implique 20 participants aux yeux bandes qui devront apprendre un parcours avec le dispositif TheVibe. Apres apprentissage, ils doivent restituer le ...
Although the principle of vision sensory substitution has been validated for over thirty years, i... more Although the principle of vision sensory substitution has been validated for over thirty years, its potential benefit for visually impaired people still remain largely untapped. The existing devices appears inefficient with respect to the actual problems impairing the daily life of visually impaired subjects. Recent advances in the comprehension of the signal processing in the visual system and about the visual process in itself offers new pathways for the improvement of these devices. However, a pre-requisite to any inquiries in this field is the establishment of new evaluation methods to assess the behavioral effect of these devices. Such methods should take into account the end user’s need, should be carried in ecological environment, and should give results in a short time scale in order to be included in the conception loop of the device. In this study, we designed an experiment which match these criteria. We tested the effect of a recent visuo-auditory substitution system name...
Designing trust-based in-car interfaces is critical for the adoption of self-driving cars. Indeed... more Designing trust-based in-car interfaces is critical for the adoption of self-driving cars. Indeed, latest studies revealed that a vast majority of drivers are not willing to trust this technology.
This paper presents an architecture and partially built simulation platform which is designed to ... more This paper presents an architecture and partially built simulation platform which is designed to offer a flexible open ended approach for conducting laboratory experiments. The emphasis is on supporting multiple drivers and the ability to swap in and out different software components and devices.
The rapid emergence of new technologies in recent decades has opened up a world of opportunities ... more The rapid emergence of new technologies in recent decades has opened up a world of opportunities for a better understanding of human mobility and behavior. It is now possible to recognize human movements, physical activity and the environments in which they take place. And this can be done with high precision, thanks to miniature sensors integrated into our everyday devices. In this paper, we explore different methodologies for recognizing and characterizing physical activities performed by people wearing new smart devices. Whether it's smartglasses, smartwatches or smartphones, we show that each of these specialized wearables has a role to play in interpreting and monitoring moments in a user's life. In particular, we propose an approach that splits the concept of physical activity into two sub-categories that we call micro-and macro-activities. Micro-and macro-activities are supposed to have functional relationship with each other and should therefore help to better unders...
RÉSUMÉ Les systèmes d'infotainment embarqués dans les véhicules sont amenés à se multiplier d... more RÉSUMÉ Les systèmes d'infotainment embarqués dans les véhicules sont amenés à se multiplier davantage dans les années à venir. Bien que cette tendance mette en évidence la nécessité de comprendre et d'optimiser la charge attentionnelle placée sur le conducteur, force est de constater qu'il existe peu de données et d'outils communs pour la conception et l'évaluation de tels systèmes. Nous présentons deux directions que la communauté doit poursuivre pour améliorer cette situation ainsi qu'une plate-‐forme de simulation automobile que nous développons et dont l'architecture favorise la ré-‐utilisation des composants logiciels et la reproductibilité des résultats.
The study of human mobility and activities has opened up to an incredible number of studies in th... more The study of human mobility and activities has opened up to an incredible number of studies in the past, most of which included the use of sensors distributed on the body of the subject. More recently, the use of smart devices has been particularly relevant because they are already everywhere and they come with accurate miniaturized sensors. Whether it is smartphones, smartwatches or smartglasses, each device can be used to describe complementary information such as emotions, precise movements, or environmental conditions. In this short paper, we release the applications we have developed and an example of a collected dataset. We propose that opening multi-sensors data from daily activities may enable new approaches to studying human behavior.
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
Abstract This paper provides a taxonomy of different forms of autonomous vehicle handover situati... more Abstract This paper provides a taxonomy of different forms of autonomous vehicle handover situations. It covers scheduled, emergency and non-emergency handovers and it differentiates between system and driver initiated handovers. The purpose is to examine how the system and driver are responsible for different stages in the transition timeline, i.e., first alert, handover phase, and return to automated control (handback). This is examined from the perspective of SAE levels in comparison to aspects drawn from situational awareness. The work is complemented by analysis drawn from current practice within the insurance industry and interviews with insurers. The result is a closer examination of system and driver responsibility which is independent of but includes SAE levels with respect to specific handover situations. It also identifies gaps between the current legal liability for accidents when compared to aspects such as the situational awareness requirements placed on driver under different driving conditions.
International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications
This study is assessing the sensitivity of an affordable BCI device in the context of driver dist... more This study is assessing the sensitivity of an affordable BCI device in the context of driver distraction in both low-fidelity simulator and real-world driving environments. Twenty-three participants performed a car following task while using a smartphone application involving a range of generic smartphone widgets. On the first hand, the results demonstrated that secondary task completion time is a fairly robust metric as it is sensitive to user-interfaces style while being consistent between the two driving environments. On the second hand, while the BCI attention level metric was not sensitive to the different user-interfaces, we found it to be significantly higher in the real-driving environment than in the simulated one, which reproduces findings obtained with medical-grade sensors.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications - Automotive'UI 16, 2016
In the scope of autonomous driving, the question arises if the increased use of automated systems... more In the scope of autonomous driving, the question arises if the increased use of automated systems will have an impact on driver's skills in handling the car in the long term. In order to gain more insights on the issue of driver deskilling and how it relates to driving experience and time intervals of non-driving, we conducted an online survey (n=703) considering three driver groups. We found that initial skilling is more of an issue than deskilling after long periods of driving inactivity, i.e., while once learned driving skills seem to remain stable after longer periods of non-driving, they are much more influenced by driving experience in terms of annual mileage and frequency of use. Applied to the autonomous context, this means that drivers must be trained to a high enough skill level or require sufficient manual driving experience, in order to be able to react properly when driving themselves.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, 2016
This paper proposes a taxonomy of autonomous vehicle handover situations with a particular emphas... more This paper proposes a taxonomy of autonomous vehicle handover situations with a particular emphasis on situational awareness. It focuses on a number of research challenges such as: legal responsibility, the situational awareness level of the driver and the vehicle, the knowledge the vehicle must have of the driver's driving skills as well as the in-vehicle context. The taxonomy acts as a starting point for researchers and practitioners to frame the discussion on this complex problem.
2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), 2016
The emergence of new connected devices has opened up new opportunities and allowed to imagine con... more The emergence of new connected devices has opened up new opportunities and allowed to imagine concepts that bring computer sciences and social sciences closer together. In particular, today's increasingly sophisticated miniature sensors allow to track and understand human activities and behavior with a great precision. Taking different approaches and perspectives, we use in this paper smartwatches and smartglasses to explore these behaviors and show that these objects, considered by many as gadgets, have an important role to play in understanding the lives of individuals. The main objective of this work is to introduce two new scales of activity detection, which lacks a formal and consistent definition in the literature. First, we propose a model that precisely detects and interprets movements made by a person wearing smart devices. Then, we use this model to show different interactions between those micro-activities and bigger chunks of behaviors we call macro-activities. Using a new concept based on 3D visualization, we finally show that combining those two scales and using a limited dataset, it is possible to distinguish between different individuals when they are performing very similar activities. The findings of this study lead the way to enhanced user profiling.
2016 9th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI), 2016
Smart and wearable devices are trendy electronic objects that have become increasingly popular in... more Smart and wearable devices are trendy electronic objects that have become increasingly popular in recent years. Those devices are, by definition, tightly connected with the user's personal activities. Authentication is therefore a critical feature for both identifying users and personalizing the services on the device. In particular, the emergence of smartglasses changed the way we thought a wearable could assist users in their daily activities. As designed by commercial providers, smartglasses are sold with a very specific set of interactions capabilities. These capabilities have a strong impact on how comfortably or safely users may authenticate to their smartglasses. For this reason, we investigate in this paper the different authentication methods available for smartphones and we comparatively position the smartglasses in the design space of authentication methods. We propose a new approach based on touch input on an arbitrary surface using thermal camera input. This approach aims to circumvent the lack of touch surface provided by smartglasses, while maintaining an acceptable level of security.
2016 9th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI), 2016
Despite the rapid pace of gadgets released on the market, research in the area of usable interfac... more Despite the rapid pace of gadgets released on the market, research in the area of usable interfaces for wearables is lagging behind. Smartglasses are new wearables that embed diverse sensors but also have small displays, and this makes it hard for the wearer to visualize real-time data. To bridge this gap, the contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we propose a data representation model to combine applications and services that match user activities and contexts. Second, we present an approach of showing relevant services to the user based on `tiles' (such as those in recent Microsoft Windows interfaces) while considering the device constraints. Finally, we suggest that combining those two aspects can open the way to personalized services for the end user, creating new ways of interacting with applications and devices.
Applied Ergonomics, 2016
Innovative in-car applications provided on smartphones can deliver real-time alternative mobility... more Innovative in-car applications provided on smartphones can deliver real-time alternative mobility choices and subsequently generate visual-manual demand. Prior studies have found that multi-touch gestures such as kinetic scrolling are problematic in this respect. In this study we evaluate three prototype tasks which can be found in common mobile interaction use-cases. In a repeatedmeasures design, 29 participants interacted with the prototypes in a car-following task within a driving simulator environment. Task completion, driving performance and eye gaze have been analysed. We found that the slider widget used in the filtering task was too demanding and led to poor performance, while kinetic scrolling generated a comparable amount of visual distraction despite it requiring a lower degree of finger pointing accuracy. We discuss how to improve continuous list browsing in a dual-task context.
The emergence of new connected devices has opened up new opportunities and allowed to imagine con... more The emergence of new connected devices has opened up new opportunities and allowed to imagine concepts that bring computer sciences and social sciences closer together. In particular, today's increasingly sophisticated miniature sensors allow to track and understand human activities and behavior with a great precision. Taking different approaches and perspectives, we use in this paper smartwatches and smartglasses to explore these behaviors and show that these objects, considered by many as gadgets, have an important role to play in understanding the lives of individuals. The main objective of this work is to introduce two new scales of activity detection, which lacks a formal and consistent definition in the literature. First, we propose a model that precisely detects and interprets movements made by a person wearing smart devices. Then, we use this model to show different interactions between those micro-activities and bigger chunks of behaviors we call macro-activities. Using a new concept based on 3D visualization, we finally show that combining those two scales and using a limited dataset, it is possible to distinguish between different individuals when they are performing very similar activities. The findings of this study lead the way to enhanced user profiling.