Nicolas Morgado - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nicolas Morgado

Demand and Experimenter Bias and the Ego-Depletion Effect

The visual size is enough to automatically induce the potentiation of grasping behaviours

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Seeing objects usually grasped with a power or a precision grip (e.g., an apple vs a cherry) pote... more Seeing objects usually grasped with a power or a precision grip (e.g., an apple vs a cherry) potentiates power- and precision-grip responses, respectively. An embodied account suggests that this effect occurs because object conceptual representations would lie on a motor simulation process. A new account, named the size-coding account, argues that this effect could be rather due to an overlapping of size codes used to represent both manipulable objects and response options. In this article, we investigate whether this potentiation effect could be merely due to a low-level visual feature that favours a size-coding of stimuli: the visual size in which objects are presented. Accordingly, we conducted two experiments in which we presented highly elementary and non-graspable stimuli (i.e., ink spots) either large or small rather than graspable objects. Our results showed that the mere visual size automatically potentiates power- and precision-grip responses that are in line with the size...

When the Others' Constancy Is Mine

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2017

Psychological Research

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The present study ... more The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The present study involves human participants, and was approved by the Ethical committee of Lille University. Participants gave their informed consent before the beginning of the study.

Pezet et al. (2022, preregistration)

Our goal is to better understand the coding of responses in the case of Stimulus-Response Compati... more Our goal is to better understand the coding of responses in the case of Stimulus-Response Compatibility effects. We especially want to disentangle between two possibilities: (i) response coding could be based on the spatial features of the switch (e.g., its location, its size) or (ii) because of the spatial features of the action goal. For this purpose, we will use the size-based SRC effects recently reported by Heurley et al. (2020).

Are social power and dominance related to the early visual processing of others' actions?

Anticipating the Magnitude of Response Outcomes can induce Potentiation Effect for Manipulable Objects

Supplemental material, MorgadoOpenPracticesDisclosure_rev for Action Effects on Visual Perception... more Supplemental material, MorgadoOpenPracticesDisclosure_rev for Action Effects on Visual Perception of Distances: A Multilevel Bayesian Meta-Analysis by Lisa Molto, Ladislas Nalborczyk, Richard Palluel-Germain and Nicolas Morgado in Psychological Science

Brown et Sophie Paris pour leurs contributions aux différentes procédures de traductions inversée... more Brown et Sophie Paris pour leurs contributions aux différentes procédures de traductions inversées qui nous ont permis d'adapter en français du matériel à l'origine en anglais. Je remercie toutes les personnes qui ont eu l'amabilité de relire cette thèse malgré un timing plutôt serré : Françoise Bonthoux, Candice François, Édouard Gentaz, Magali Guy, Richard Palluel-Germain, Oulmann Zerhouni. Merci à vous pour vos commentaires et corrections qui m'ont permis d'améliorer la qualité de ce manuscrit. Merci également aux personnes qui m'ont aidé à préparer ma soutenance : Nicolas Bochard, Aurélie Campagne, Christine Cannard, Pauline Favre, Magali Guy, Richard Palluel-Germain, Sylviane Valdois et Oulmann Zerhouni. Je remercie également Arthur Glenberg pour avoir accepté de relire l'Article 1 de cette thèse et une partie du projet ConstrainPercept (ANR-12-JSH2-0008-01). Je remercie les étudiants de L3 avec lesquelles nous avons eu l'occasion de travailler dans le cadre du cours d'Initiation à la Recherche :

A large number of studies have shown that effort influences visual perception of reaching distanc... more A large number of studies have shown that effort influences visual perception of reaching distance. These studies have mainly focused on the effects of reach-relevant properties of the body and the objects that people intend to reach. However, any influence of reach-relevant properties of the surrounding environment remains still speculative. We investigated this topic in terms of the role of obstacle width in perceiving distances. Participants had to estimate the straight-line distance to a cylinder located just behind a transparent barrier of varying width. The results showed that participants perceived the straight-line distance to the cylinder as being longer when they intended to grasp the cylinder by reaching around a wide transparent barrier than by reaching around narrower ones. Interestingly, this effect might be due to the anticipated effort involved in reaching. Together, our results show that reach-relevant properties of the surrounding environment influence perceived di...

An interesting issue about human tool use is whether people spontaneously and implicitly intend t... more An interesting issue about human tool use is whether people spontaneously and implicitly intend to use an available tool to perform an action that would be impos-sible without it. Recent research indicates that targets pre-sented just beyond arm’s reach are perceived closer when people intend to reach them with a tool rather than without it. An intriguing issue is whether this eVect also occurs when people are not explicitly instructed to use a tool to reach targets. To address this issue, we asked participants to estimate distances that were beyond arm’s reach in three conditions. Participants who held passively a long baton underestimated the distances as compared to participants with no baton (Experiment 1). To examine whether this eVect resulted from holding the baton, we asked partici-pants to estimate distances while holding passively a shorter baton (Experiment 2). We found that holding this short baton did not inXuence distance perception. Our Wndings demonstrate that when p...

The visual size of graspable objects is needed to induce the potentiation of grasping behaviors even with verbal stimuli

Psychological Research, 2022

Merely perceiving objects usually grasped with a power or a precision grip (e.g., an apple vs. a ... more Merely perceiving objects usually grasped with a power or a precision grip (e.g., an apple vs. a cherry) potentiate power-grip and precision-grip responses, respectively. According to the size-coding account, this potentiation effect is due to the compatibility between size codes associated with both stimuli and responses, rather than to the simulation of motor information stored at a conceptual level (i.e., the embodied account). At the stimulus level, size-coding would occur, because objects associated with a power grip are usually presented in a larger visual size than objects associated with a precision grip. However, this explanation is challenged by results, showing that reading nouns of objects associated with power or precision grip also leads to potentiation effects, even though the visual size of the displayed object is no longer perceived. Therefore, we designed three experiments to better understand this word-based potentiation effect and to investigate whether it relies on size codes. Our results showed a word-based potentiation effect only when the object nouns were interleaved with pictures depicting the objects in their typical visual size. We discuss the contributions of these results for both the size-coding account and the embodied account of the potentiation effect of grasping behaviors.

Anticipating the magnitude of response outcomes can induce a potentiation effect for manipulable objects

Psychological Research, 2021

Merely seeing large objects (e.g., apples) potentiates power grip whereas seeing small objects (e... more Merely seeing large objects (e.g., apples) potentiates power grip whereas seeing small objects (e.g., strawberries) potentiates precision grip. According to the embodied cognition account, this potentiation effect reflects automatic access to object representation, including the grip usually associated with the object. Alternatively, this effect might be due to an overlap between magnitude codes used to code manipulable objects and magnitude codes used to code responses outcomes. In Experiment 1, participants saw objects usually grasped with a power or precision grip and had to press keys either with their forefinger or with their palm, each response generating a low or high tone (i.e., a large vs. small perceptual outcome, respectively). Tones were automatically delivered by headphones after the responses have been made in line with the ideomotor theories according to which voluntary actions are carried out due to the anticipation of their outcomes. Consistent with the magnitude-coding hypothesis, response times were shorter when the object and the anticipated response outcome were of the same magnitude than when they were not. These results were also consistent with a between-experiment analysis. In Experiments 2 and 3, we investigated to what extent removing or switching the outcomes during the experiment influence the potentiation effect. Our results support that the potentiation effect of grasping behaviours could be due to the compatibility between magnitude codes rather than to the involvement of motor representations. Our results also suggest a spontaneous use of the magnitude of response outcomes to code responses, as well as the flexibility of this coding processes when responses outcomes are altered.

How actions constrain the visual perception of space

International audienc

Cognition, 2020

The mere perception of manipulable objects usually grasped with a power-grip (e.g., an apple) or ... more The mere perception of manipulable objects usually grasped with a power-grip (e.g., an apple) or a precisiongrip (e.g., a cherry) potentiate power-grip-and precision-grip-responses, respectively. This effect is seen as to be driven by automatic access of the representation of manipulable objects that includes a motor representation of usually performed grasping behaviors (i.e., the embodied view). Nevertheless, a competing account argues that this effect could be due to an overlapping of size codes used to represent both manipulable objects and response options. Indeed, objects usually grasped with a power-and a precision-grip (e.g., an apple vs. a cherry) could be coded as large-and small-objects, respectively; and power-and precision-grip responses as large-and smallresponses, respectively. We conducted 4 experiments to test this hypothesis. In Experiment 1, the response device usually used in studies reporting a potentiation effect is fixed horizontally (the grasping component of responses was removed). We instructed participants to press the small-switch with their index-digit and the large-switch with their palm-hand. In line with the size-coding-hypothesis, responses on the small-switch performed with the index-digit led to shorter RTs when objects usually associated with a precision-grip (e.g., a cherry) were presented compared to objects usually associated with a power-grip (e.g., an apple). A reverse pattern was obtained for responses on the large-switch performed with the palm-hand. In Experiments 2, 3 and 4, we went further by investigating which factors of Experiment 1 allow the size coding of responses: the size of switch and/or the size of the effector part used. Data confirmed the critical involvement of the size of switches and the possible involvement of the size of the effector part used. Thus, data support the possibility that the potentiation of grasping is due to a compatibility/incompatibility between size codes rather than involving motor representations of usually performed grasping behaviors as advocated in several embodied views. Moreover, data support the possibility that responses are coded thanks to a size code that extends the Theory of Event Coding. Matheson, White & McCullen, 2015 for a review). Nevertheless, other authors have questioned this interpretation and have developed an alternative explanation (Anderson et al., 2002; Matheson et al., 2014a, 2014b; Phillips & Ward, 2002; Roest et al., 2016; see Proctor & Miles, 2014 for a review). They particularly argue that some features of manipulable objects (e.g., the object handle) automatically grabs attention to a specific side of the object. This lateralized attention would potentiate in turn actions on the same side as in the more classical Simon effect (Simon, 1969). This hypothesis is supported by various researches that showed the potentiation effect of lateralized responses while stimuli presented were no longer manipulable objects (e.g., animals with their head turned toward the left or right;

IEEE Transactions on Haptics, 2019

A common approach to visio-haptic human-machine interfaces adopts a simpler design by shifting gr... more A common approach to visio-haptic human-machine interfaces adopts a simpler design by shifting grounded force feedback away from the virtual scene. The alternative design favors intuitiveness by displaying visual and grounded force feedback at the same location (i.e. visuo-haptic co-location) but requires a sensibly more complex implementation and a tedious kinematic conception. The benefits of one approach over the other had not been fully investigated. Notably, (i) while users seem to better operate under co-located condition, it's not always the case. (ii) In the case of a desktop interface, the cost of a complex implementation to achieve co-location is challenged. We aim here to resolve (i) by conducting a user-centered experiment in which participants performed two generic tasks in co-located and delocated configurations, and comparing their performances. Additionally, we intend to fill the gap (ii) by testing a design without continuous head tracking, i.e with static co-location. Participants' performances are assessed in terms of execution time, accuracy and force variation, while their subjective experiences are collected via a survey. Findings indicate that co-located configurations lead to shorter execution times, more accurate motions, better management of forces and are largely preferred by users, even when the co-location is pre-calibrated staticly.

Some studies suggested that action constraints influence visual perception of distances. For inst... more Some studies suggested that action constraints influence visual perception of distances. For instance, the greater the effort to cover a distance, the longer people perceive this distance. The present multilevel Bayesian meta-analysis supports the existence of a small action constraint effect on distance estimation, Hedge’s g = 0.29, 95% CrI [0.16, 0.47] (Nstudies = 37, Nparticipants = 1035). This effect slightly varied according to the action constraint category (i.e., effort, weight, and tool-use) but not according to participants’ motor intention. Some authors argued such effects reflect experimental demand biases rather than genuine perceptual effects. Our meta-analysis did not allow to dismiss this possibility, but it did not support it. We provide field-specific conventions for interpreting action constraint effect sizes and minimum sample size to detect them with various levels of power. We encourage researchers to update this meta-analysis using our online repository (https:...

Frontiers in Psychology, 2019

This study investigated the role of action constraints related to an object as regards allocentri... more This study investigated the role of action constraints related to an object as regards allocentric distance estimation in extrapersonal space. In two experiments conducted in both real and virtual environments, participants intending to push a trolley had to estimate its distance from a target situated in front of them. The trolley was either empty (i.e., light) or loaded with books (i.e., heavy). The results showed that the estimated distances were larger for the heavy trolley than for the light one, and that the actual distance between the participants and the trolley moderated this effect. This data suggests that the potential mobility of an object used as a reference affects distance estimation in extrapersonal space. According to embodied perception theories, our results show that people perceive space in terms of constraints related to their potential actions.

Memory & Cognition, 2018

Several recent studies have supported the existence of a link between spatial processing and some... more Several recent studies have supported the existence of a link between spatial processing and some aspects of mathematical reasoning, including mental arithmetic. Some of these studies suggested that people are more accurate when performing arithmetic operations for which the operands appeared in the lower-left and upper-right spaces than in the upper-left and lower-right spaces. However, this cross-over Horizontality × Verticality interaction effect on arithmetic accuracy was only apparent for multiplication, not for addition. In these studies, the authors used a spatio-temporal synchronous operand presentation in which all the operands appeared simultaneously in the same part of space along the horizontal and vertical dimensions. In the present paper, we report studies designed to investigate whether these results can be generalized to mental arithmetic tasks using a spatiotemporal asynchronous operand presentation. We present three studies in which participants had to solve addition (Study 1a), subtraction (Study 1b), and multiplication (Study 2) in which the operands appeared successively at different locations along the horizontal and vertical dimensions. We found that the cross-over Horizontality × Verticality interaction effect on arithmetic accuracy emerged for addition but not for subtraction and multiplication. These results are consistent with our predictions derived from the spatial polarity correspondence account and suggest interesting directions for the study of the link between spatial processing and mental arithmetic performances.

The effect of social comparison on the visual perception of apertures

PsycEXTRA Dataset