Nicole Rascle - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nicole Rascle

International Journal of Selection and Assessment, Oct 27, 2015

A partir du suivi de plusieurs centaines d’enseignants novices, deux ans après leur entrée dans l... more A partir du suivi de plusieurs centaines d’enseignants novices, deux ans après leur entrée dans le métier, les auteurs expliquent la détérioration progressive de leur santé (burn out) par un processus de perte de ressources sociales et personnelles (climat de travail et sentiment d’efficacité personnelle), à laquelle participe l’utilisation de stratégies plus ou moins salutogènes. Ces résultats permettent de formuler des préconisations en termes de formation pour limiter les risques d’atteinte à la santé mentale, maintenir et développer les ressources en début de carrière.

Journal of Child and Family Studies, May 19, 2017

The aim of this study was to identify cognitive acrobatics performed by French women during late ... more The aim of this study was to identify cognitive acrobatics performed by French women during late pregnancy (N = 139) to reconcile intensive mothering ideology (IMI) and work involvement. A hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward method, squared Euclidian distance) was performed to define different patterns and 4 clusters were retained: (1) women devoted to IMI (27%), (2) women devoted to IMI and worried about the consequences of maternal work (13%), (3) women not devoted to IMI (35%), (4) women not devoted to IMI and disengaged from work (25%). They exhibited differences regarding socio-demographic and psychological variables. Mainly, women devoted to IMI and worried about the consequences of maternal work (Cluster 2) showed more depressive symptoms (38.9%) and preoccupied attachment. They were also planning to go back to work later (50%) and not to breastfeed (39%) even if they had a highly positive opinion about breastfeeding (67%). These results are discussed in terms of socio-psychological resources and requirements regarding perinatal adjustment. Considering women's values and beliefs is a crucial aspect to understand better how mothering and working demands are experienced.

Méthodes & Recherches, 2006

Women & Health, Jan 23, 2022

While pregnancy smoking stigma is widely acknowledged, no psychometrically sound tool to measure ... more While pregnancy smoking stigma is widely acknowledged, no psychometrically sound tool to measure it exists. This study was designed to build the Pregnant Smoker Stigma Scale-Public Stigma (P3S-PS) for assessing the stigma of pregnancy smoking in the general French population. A total of 342 adults were recruited online to take the P3S-PS and some items (condemnation / rejection, and support for punitive actions) from other scales. Exploratory factor analysis was performed. Measurement invariance was tested according to gender and smoking status. Temporal reliability was checked after two weeks (n=72). The P3S-PS has 26 items and four dimensions: "derogatory cognitions," "negative emotions and behaviors," "personal distress," and "information provision." All dimensions were correlated (r=.36 to .75) and have good internal consistency (α.>.70), temporal reliability (ICC>.75), and measurement invariance. Validity is exhibited through the P3S-PS's association with condemnation and rejection (r=.32 to .53), support for punitive actions (r=.35 to .65), and presence of pregnant smokers in the close circle (r=-.23 to-.40). The P3S-PS is a promising tool that exhibits good psychometric qualities. This scale will be useful to trigger research regarding the stigma of smoking while pregnant.

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Sep 21, 2021

Introduction. Cigarette consumption during pregnancy has major health consequences for women and ... more Introduction. Cigarette consumption during pregnancy has major health consequences for women and unborn children. The stigma of smoking during pregnancy might hinder mothers-to-be's access to adequate healthcare and smoking cessation, especially in disadvantaged groups. This qualitative study was designed to describe extensively the public stigma associated with smoking during pregnancy. Method. Participants were French adults recruited from the general population through social networks (N=100). They were asked to answer three pairs of open-ended questions regarding cognitions, emotions and behaviours elicited in the general population by pregnant smoking women. An inductive thematic analysis was performed and inter-judge agreement was computed on 30% of the corpus analysed deductively. Finally, independence (chi-square) between themes and gender, education, parenthood and smoking status was tested. Results. Themes (n=25) were defined regarding cognitions (n=9, e.g., irresponsible, thoughtless and unmindful, etc.), emotions (n=8, e.g., anger, disgust, etc.) and behaviours (n=8, e.g., inform and persuade, moralise and blame, etc.). Global interjudge agreement was strong (κ=0.8). No difference was observed in themes according to gender, parental status or education, indicating a heterogenous awareness of stigma. However, some differences were observed according to smoking status (χ2 = 69.59, p = 0.02) (e.g., non-smokers more frequently stressed immorality). Conclusion. The stigma associated with smoking during pregnancy includes various components that might be measured and targeted in interventions to improve access to adequate healthcare and smoking cessation in this specific population. Implications. This qualitative study explores the stigma that the general French population attaches to pregnant women who smoke. Themes regarding cognitions (e.g., irresponsible, thoughtless and unmindful, etc.), emotions (e.g., anger, disgust, etc.) and behaviours (e.g., inform and persuade, moralise and blame, etc.) were identified. These themes could guide further research regarding scale development and anti-stigma interventions to support smoking cessation.

Annales médico-psychologiques, Oct 1, 2010

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Psychologie et psychométrie, 1999

Le stress professionnel a tout d'abord ete assimile a un ensemble de « reactions de stress» c... more Le stress professionnel a tout d'abord ete assimile a un ensemble de « reactions de stress» comportementales (absenteisme, baisse de performance,…) emotionnelles (anxiete, depression,…) ou somatiques (troubles cardio-vasculaires, fatigue,…), puis a certaines caracteristiques « stressantes » du contexte professionnel liees par exemple a la tâche (charge de travail, ambiance) ou aux relations de travail (conflits, inequite). Les conceptions interactionnistes considerent que c'est l'incompatibilite entre les caracteristiques du travail et les attentes de l'individu qui est a l'origine du stress professionnel. Les conceptions transactionnelles considerent que le stress percu est un processus mediateur modulant les relations entre les caracteristiques du contexte (predicteurs) et l'ajustement ulterieur des individus (criteres). Nous presentons ici la validation d'une adaptation francaise de l'Inventaire de Stress Professionnel de Spielberger et al. (1994 b) inspire de cette demiere conception. Elle a permis d'obtenir sur 112 sujets francais deux dimensions tres claires: «pression du travail «et «manque de soutien organisationnel », identiques aux facteurs decrits sur des sujets americains.

Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée, Dec 1, 2008

Teachers meet increasing difficulties in their work: overwork, students dropping out of the syste... more Teachers meet increasing difficulties in their work: overwork, students dropping out of the system, the discredit of the profession among users of the educational system. These problems are stressors which have an influence on the vulnerability of teachers and lead to burnout. The transactional model of stress by Lazarus and Folkman [Lazarus, R.S., Folkman, S., 1984. Stress, appraisal and coping, New York, Springer] emphasizes the importance of the activity expended by an individual in order to confront a stressful situation. We administered several questionnaires to 410 French elementary schoolteachers during the first term (T1) in order to evaluate: their sociobiographic characteristics; the frequency of professional problems; perceived self-efficacy; social support; and their coping strategies. The burnout of 259 teachers of the same cohort was evaluated during the third term (T2). The results of this research show the interest of taking into account transactional processes in order to study the effects of professional stress on burnout.

Women & Health, Jul 3, 2023

Psychologie et psychométrie, 2003

L'objectif de cette recherche est d'identifier les strategies de coping elaborees par des... more L'objectif de cette recherche est d'identifier les strategies de coping elaborees par des sujets infectes par le VIH pour faire face a leur mandie. Pour ce faire, nous avons mene, dans un premier temps, 21 entretiens aupres d'hommes seropositifs. L'analyse thematique de leurs reponses a permis d'obtenir 6 categories de reactions face a l'infection par le VIH. Un questionnaire provisoire a ete construit d'apres ces themes, II a ete administre a un echantillon de 82 hommes seropositifs. Une analyse factorielle a permis de mettre en evidence trois strategies de coping specifiques aux patients infectes par le VIH : l'evitement cognitif, l'adoption de comportements sains et l'esprit combatif. L'evitement cognitif est associe positivement a l'optimisme, a l'estime de soi et au controle percu specifique vis-a-vis de l'infection et negativement a la depression, a l'anxiete et au stress percu. L'adoption de comportements sains est associee positivement a la desirabilite sociale et a l'optimisme et negativement a l'anxiete-trait, a la depression et au stress percu. L'esprit combatif est associe positivement a l'optimisme et au controle percu specifique, ainsi qu'a un coping non specifique centre sur le probleme. Si les deux premieres strategies ont des effets benefiques sur le bien-etre des patients, l'esprit combatif est associe a une evolution pejorative de la mandie a court terme.

L'Encéphale, Dec 1, 2017

Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to adapt the intensive mothering ideology concept in a... more Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to adapt the intensive mothering ideology concept in a French sample and to get an assessment tool. Method: First, the Intensive Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire (IPAQ), a U.S. scale comprising 25 items, was translated and submitted online to French mothers and mothers-to-be (n = 250). Structural validity was tested through confirmatory factor analysis with poor results. Secondly, to increase the cultural validity of a new tool, new items were derived from French women speech. French mothers and mothers-to-be (n = 22) were asked about their views regarding motherhood and childcare (semi-structured interviews). A thematic content analysis was performed with good inter-judge agreement (53 to .86) and 27 items were created. Finally, the total set of 52 items was submitted online to French mothers and mothers-to-be (n = 474). The structure was tested through exploratory factor analysis. Results: A new tool called the Measure of Intensive Mothering Ideology (MIMI) was obtained. This 21 items scale with 6 dimensions (Essentialism, Fulfillment, Child-centrism, Challenge, Sacrifice and Stimulation) explains 59.75% of variance. Internal consistencies are satisfactory (.61-.83) and most dimensions are positively and moderately correlated (.17.-38) Conclusion: The MIMI is the first French-language scale assessing IMI and offers interesting research avenues notably regarding perinatal parental adaptation.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 16, 2021

6 L'enquête Eurofound (2017, p. 128) a déterminé cinq profils de travail à partir de caractéristi... more 6 L'enquête Eurofound (2017, p. 128) a déterminé cinq profils de travail à partir de caractéristiques similaires : réaliser la tâche, l'environnement social (comportements hostiles et soutien social des collègues et du manager), l'intensité physique et la charge de travail, les perspectives de carrière, le temps de travail et enfin le au salaire. Voici la répartition des travailleurs tous confondus au sein de l'Europe : Les « smooth running » (25 %) : un bon fonctionnement mais difficultés au niveau des compétences et du salaire Les « high flying job » (22 %) : travail de haut vol, toutes les caractéristiques sont positives, Les « active manual » (22 %) : quelques difficultés au niveau des compétences, excepté sur les aspects physiques du travail Les « poor quality » (19 %) : mauvaise qualité pour toutes les caractéristiques, surtout pour les compétences Les « Under pression » (13 %) : difficultés au niveau des compétences, de l'environnement social majoritairement, de l'intensité, et du temps de travail. 7 Surveillance médicale des expositions des salariés aux risques professionnel

European Review of Applied Psychology-revue Europeenne De Psychologie Appliquee, 2000

... mediated the relationship between social support and employee adjustment; avoidance coping, w... more ... mediated the relationship between social support and employee adjustment; avoidance coping, which mediated the relationship between social support and emotional adjustment; and vigilant coping, which mediated the relationship between locus of control and absenteeism. ...

Maternal and Child Health Journal, Jan 23, 2020

Introduction. According to many studies, anxiety in the perinatal period is widespread and has ma... more Introduction. According to many studies, anxiety in the perinatal period is widespread and has many detrimental effects. Thus, screening measures should not be limited to assessing depression symptoms. The widely used Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) might assess depression but also anxiety symptoms. This study explores whether an anxiety dimension (EPDS-3A) was found and valid in French women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Methods. French women were followed-up at late pregnancy and 2 and 4 months postpartum (N = 144, 138 and 129). They completed the EPDS and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A). Exploratory factor analyses were performed. Then to test its validity, the EPDS-3A was correlated with anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (EPDS-D) scores. Finally, prevalence estimates were computed according to recommended cut off. Results. The anxiety dimension assessed through the EPDS-3A was observed during the postpartum period but not during pregnancy. A two-factor structure (depression and anxiety) increases the variance explained at 2 and 4 months postpartum (respectively 6 and 12%). The EPDS-3A shows good internal consistency (≥.70) and was more strongly associated with anxiety scores (HADS-A) (.48-.57) than with depression scores (EPDS-D) (.30-.39). Nearly 28% of mothers had scores that exceeded the EPDS-3A cut off (≥ 4) but not the full EPDS cut off (≥ 13 or more). Discussion: The EPDS contains an anxiety component (EPDS-3A) that can be found in French women during the postnatal period but not during pregnancy. It shows signs of internal consistency and validity. The EPDS-3A could be considered when screening for postpartum anxiety.

Psychological Reports, 2005

The original short form of Sarason's Social Support Questionnaire measures two dimensions of ... more The original short form of Sarason's Social Support Questionnaire measures two dimensions of social support, availability and satisfaction. The factorial structure of the social support was assessed in a French sample along with the association between the dimensions of social support and personality traits such as Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Depression. A 6-item French version was administered to 648 subjects: 348 university freshmen (228 females, 120 males) and 304 unemployed men. A principal component analysis followed by oblique rotations was undertaken on each sample. This yielded two factors, Availability and Satisfaction. These results sustained the stability of the factorial structure from one culture to another. Validity and reliability were satisfactory. Moreover, these two dimensions were correlated with two personality scales (high extraversion, low depression). Such results agree with previous results establishing relations between social support and salutogenic dimensions of personality.

Journal of Affective Disorders, Jun 1, 2012

Background: Few studies have explored the evolution of perinatal depressive symptoms (PNDS) throu... more Background: Few studies have explored the evolution of perinatal depressive symptoms (PNDS) throughout the perinatal period. Aims: To evaluate in a low-risk sample, whether different evolutive profiles of PNDS exist from pregnancy to 2-years postpartum, and whether the subgroups differ regarding psychopathological and demographic characteristics. Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal study from 8 months pregnancy to 2 years postpartum, repeated measures of PNDS using the CES-D were performed on a sample of 579 women at low-risk for PNDS. First, semiparametric mixture models were used to identify groups of women with distinct trajectories of PNDS. Second, multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors for each group. Results: Four distinct trajectories of PNDS evolution were found: (i) 72% of the women never presented with clinically significant depressive symptoms; (ii) 4% presented with depressive symptoms only during the postnatal period; (iii) 21% presented with depressive symptoms throughout the follow-up period, with a higher intensity during pregnancy; (iv) 3% presented with stable highly intense symptoms throughout the follow-up period. Psychosocial risk factors for PNDS were mainly identified in the patients of the third group, with an influence of socioeconomical variables and anxiety traits. Limitations: The main limitations of the present study are the small size of the sample and the low level of risk for PNDS, so the results cannot be extrapolated to all types of populations. Conclusion: Different subtypes of evolutionary profiles of PNDS are found in a low-risk sample, and are associated with different profiles of risk factors.

Accident Analysis & Prevention, Sep 1, 2011

Sleep Medicine, Dec 1, 2009