Nikhil Gupta - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nikhil Gupta

Proceedings of the 35th Computational Complexity Conference, 2020

We show an Ω(n2.5) lower bound for general depth four arithmetic circuits computing an explicit n... more We show an Ω(n2.5) lower bound for general depth four arithmetic circuits computing an explicit n-variate degree-Θ(n) multilinear polynomial over any field of characteristic zero. To our knowledge, and as stated in the survey [88], no super-quadratic lower bound was known for depth four circuits over fields of characteristic ≠ 2 before this work. The previous best lower bound is Ω(n1.5) [85], which is a slight quantitative improvement over the roughly Ω(n1.33) bound obtained by invoking the super-linear lower bound for constant depth circuits in [73, 86]. Our lower bound proof follows the approach of the almost cubic lower bound for depth three circuits in [53] by replacing the shifted partials measure with a suitable variant of the projected shifted partials measure, but it differs from [53]'s proof at a crucial step - namely, the way "heavy" product gates are handled. Loosely speaking, a heavy product gate has a relatively high fan-in. Product gates of a depth three ...

Sexual medicine reviews, Jan 29, 2018

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from bladder outlet obstruction from benign prostatic hyperpl... more Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from bladder outlet obstruction from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occur in a large percentage of urologic patients. Treatment of this condition with medical and surgical therapy provides symptom relief but has serious adverse effects and causes sexual dysfunction. New technologies to treat BPH-associated LUTS aim to effectively treat urinary symptoms and minimize side effects and sexual dysfunction. To review the efficacy of new and emerging therapies for treatment of LUTS from BPH. A literature search was performed to identify therapies for LUTS from BPH with early outcomes data within the past 5 years. Improvement in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and effect on sexual functions such as erectile and ejaculatory functions as measured on the International Index of Erectile Function and the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire. Technologies introduced within the past 5 years include techniques using intraprostatic injectables, mechani...

Thin Solid Films

Abstract IR absorption studies have been made on vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol terpo... more Abstract IR absorption studies have been made on vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol terpolymer in the range 4000–400cm −1 at temperatures of 298, 323, 348, 373 and 398 K. It shows a broad—OH band at about 3460 cm −1 with a kink at its shoulder on the higher frequency side at about 3580 cm −1 at 298K. The IR spectra of the films treated at 323 and 348K show a decrease in the magnitude of the band at about 3460 cm −1 with a slight increase in the magnitude of the band at about 3580cm −1 while the IR spectra of films treated at 373 and 398K show, besides a shift in the sharp band (about 3580 cm −1 ) towards the higher frequency side, an increase in its magnitude, whereas the broad band (about 3460 cm −1 ) continues to decrease in magnitude with rise in temperature. The analysis of these bands and their temperature dependence are reported in the present paper.

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

ABSTRACT In this paper, a novel method is proposed to reduce phase unbalance and mitigate neutral... more ABSTRACT In this paper, a novel method is proposed to reduce phase unbalance and mitigate neutral line current harmonics in the secondary distribution systems without using any active or passive shunt device, shunt compensation scheme or phase swapping technique. The proposed strategy employs a Phase Balancer (PB), which has been derived from the conventional three-phase transformer. In order to understand the working of the proposed PB, its analytical treatment is presented using symmetrical components. The application of the proposed PB has also been investigated for different balanced and unbalanced non-linear actual loading cases and the application results are presented.

Summer Topical Meeting Digest on Broadband Analog and Digital Optoelectronics, Optical Multiple Access Networks, Integrated Optoelectronics, Smart Pixels

ABSTRACT Not Available

2014 Eighteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), 2014

This paper proposes a new PSO based method to solve optimization problems having discrete variabl... more This paper proposes a new PSO based method to solve optimization problems having discrete variables. The conventional PSO provides tentative solutions having continuous decision variables. The proposed discrete PSO (DPSO) method utilizes the inherent inability of PSO to solve problems with discrete variables. In the proposed method each of these tentative solutions generates a set of solutions with discrete decision variables. Out of this set, the best fit solution is selected for the further computation. Moreover, a repair algorithm is suggested to correct infeasible individuals whenever appeared in the set of tentative solutions. The proposed method is applied to solve the optimal distributed generation placement problem in radial distribution systems with the objectives to reduce annual energy losses and node voltage deviations. The proposed method is tested on 69 bus test distribution system and the application results are promising when compared with recent techniques.

The Journal of urology, 2017

HINDSIGHT must be “quicksand” for meteorologists, control arm for the adrenergic receptor) predic... more HINDSIGHT must be “quicksand” for meteorologists, control arm for the adrenergic receptor) predicts the pollsters and investigators alike! The discovery of the adrenergic receptor in the prostate is an important milestone in clinical care and urological pathophysiology. The therapeutic approach to voiding dysfunction (lower urinary tract symptoms [LUTS]) induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) initially centered on mechanical concepts and thus, a significant reduction in the mass of benign prostatic hyperplasia was the primary goal. Because the prostatic stroma has a large component of smooth muscle, and the bladder neck and prostate have a dense concentration of a1 adrenergic receptors, the selective treatment of the prostate by receptor blockade was suggested, approaching obstruction as a functional rather than a mechanical process. In this previously underappreciated study by Macht on the functional correlations of the male prostate lies the earliest appreciation of the dynamic tone of prostatic hyperplasia. Although the style and scientific rigor seem quaint to today’s reader, this article offers the first insight into what the prostate offers, which is more than simple bulk to impact the lower urinary tract. This work was done as a correlative investigation to prove function to recently identified histological characteristics of the prostate. As outlined in the introduction, Waddle noted large contributions of smooth muscle to the prostate bulk while Macht provided insight into the functionality of these cells. He correctly proves the predominance of sympathetic innervation and demonstrates that many mammalian species provide a suitable model for the human gland. The modern reader must temper thoughts as to why the author didn’t take it one step further and ask about the pathophysiological implications of these findings. One is also left wondering what the author meant by this work providing a “possible view to therapeutic deductions,” once identifying the impact of the survey of neurotransmitters, nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitors and smooth muscle relaxants on the human prostate. His likening these prostatic organ bath responses to those noted in arterial preparations (the positive

The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2011

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2005–06 and 2006–07 taking wheat ... more A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2005–06 and 2006–07 taking wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Fiori. & Paol.) genotype ‘HD 2329’ to investigate the efficacy of putrescine under water stress condition. Putrescine (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mM concentrations) was applied as seed treatment, one or two foliar sprays. For water stress treatment, the number of irrigations was reduced to three as compared to six in control. Putrescine application enhanced plant height, leaf area, grain number, grain weight, grain yield and biological yield under non-stress as well as under water stress conditions. Exogenous application of 0.1 mM putrescine was found the best in most of the observations. Among mode of applications, two foliar sprays of putrescine at the time of anthesis and post anthesis performed best over seed treatment and one foliar spray of putrescine.

2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2015

In recent years the integration of renewable energy sources to distribution system is gaining att... more In recent years the integration of renewable energy sources to distribution system is gaining attention worldwide. However, the intermittent nature of renewable sources creates challenges in integration of Distributed Generation (DG) units. In this paper, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based methodology has been proposed for optimal penetration of different types of renewable DG units in the distribution system for minimizing annual energy loss and improving the voltage profile considering the intermittent nature of renewable DG units and load. The simulation results verify the suitability of the proposed methodology for all operating scenarios.

Electric Power Components and Systems, 2015

In this paper, the multi-area environmental economic dispatch (MAEED) problem with reserve constr... more In this paper, the multi-area environmental economic dispatch (MAEED) problem with reserve constraints is solved by proposing an enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) method. The objective of MAEED problem is to determine the optimal generating schedule of thermal units and inter-area power transactions in such a way that total fuel cost and emission are simultaneously optimized while satisfying tie-line, reserve, and other operational constraints. The spinning reserve requirements for reserve-sharing provisions are investigated by considering contingency and pooling spinning reserves. The control equation of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is modified by improving the cognitive component of the particle's velocity using a new concept of a preceding experience. In addition, the operators of PSO are dynamically controlled to maintain a better balance between cognitive and social behavior of the swarm. The effectiveness of the proposed EPSO has been investigated on four areas, 16 generators and four areas, 40 generators test systems. The application results show that EPSO is very promising to solve the MAEED problem.

Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis, 2014

Objective: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring female cancer in the world the incidence ... more Objective: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring female cancer in the world the incidence of which is more than double that of the second ranked cancer (cervical cancer). Not many studies have assessed the relationship between biomarkers of inflammation and long-term survival in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether circulating markers of inflammation (CRP and TNF-α), measured before and after chemotherapy, predict response to therapy. Material: A total of 30 histological confirmed cases of breast cancer were enrolled for study. Total duration of study was two years. HsCRP was determined by solid phase direct sandwich ELISA method (Diaclore, France). Similarly TNF-α was also determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent method. Three-dimensional tumor size was determined radiologically through mammography. CT scan and MRI scan were taken at the time of diagnosis to detect metastasis. Result: The mean values of hsCRP and TNF-α in patients of breast tumor decreased after three cycles of chemotherapy and this decrease was highly significant in patients with partial/complete response to chemotherapy. Similarly, levels of hsCRP and TNF-α were high in patients with estrogen receptor positive status than in estrogen receptor negative status. No significant correlation was observed between levels of hsCRP and TNF-α with progesterone receptor status and Her 2 neu status. Conclusion: This study shows serum hsCRP and TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in confirmed cases of breast cancer and levels decreased after chemotherapy in patients showing response to it. So hsCRP and TNF-α can be used as a surrogate.

Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 2011

This paper presents an efficient method for the reconfiguration of radial distribution systems fo... more This paper presents an efficient method for the reconfiguration of radial distribution systems for minimization of real power loss using adapted ant colony optimization. The conventional ant colony optimization is adapted by the graph theory to always create feasible radial topologies during the whole evolutionary process. This avoids tedious mesh check and hence reduces the computational burden. The initial population

Journal of Case Reports, 2013

Malaria still remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in humans despite intensive effo... more Malaria still remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in humans despite intensive efforts from government and sanitary bodies to control malaria. Common presentations of malaria include intermittent fever with chills and rigors, jaundice, renal failure, myalgia etc. In endemic regions, malaria can present with unusual features due to development of immunity, indiscriminate use of antimalarial drugs and increasing resistance to antimalarial drugs. Post malaria neurological syndrome has been described in literature as a rare complication of malaria. To our knowledge, bilateral peroneal axonal neuropathy as a post malaria neurological syndrome is an undescribed entity. We report an unusual and a rare presentation of falciparum malaria.

Journal of vector borne diseases, 2010

The consumption of energy is increasing at staggering rate around the globe due to a rise in popu... more The consumption of energy is increasing at staggering rate around the globe due to a rise in population and its standard of living. The energy is obtained from fossil fuels at the cost global warming. It results several harmful effects for both environmental and human welfare. These impacts can be narrowed down by using alternative renewable energy that is generated from natural resources such as biomass, solar heat and light, wind, rain, tides, waves etc. Dual fuel diesel engines allow the cultivation of alternative fuels for a cleaner combustion. Biogas, a fuel derived from biomass, mainly contains methane (CH 4) along with a certain quantity of carbon dioxide (CO 2). In a dual fuel engine, biogas can be used as a primary fuel and diesel as a pilot fuel. This requires the necessary modification in the engine that includes the installation of a gas mixer at the inlet manifold of the engine. A properly designed gas mixer for a biogas premixed charge dual fuel engine can result in a proper mixing of biogas with air. This ensures to a better combustion and higher efficiency of the engine. In this paper, the flow behavior in a newly designed gas mixer has been investigated with the help of computational fluid dynamics based software. The contours of pressure, turbulence intensity, velocity and mass fraction of CH 4 obtained are discussed, and compared across an existing design. It is observed that the new design of the mixer promotes a homogenous mixing of biogas with air.