Nikhil Kumar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nikhil Kumar

Research paper thumbnail of An Indian Ombudsman Institution for Ethics in Scientific R&D

Current Science, 2015

Misconduct in science and technology R&D is about a less than desirable state of honesty, ethics ... more Misconduct in science and technology R&D is about a less than desirable state of honesty, ethics and integrity on part of the various stakeholders, be they individual researchers or organizations (state run or private) and is a matter of concern globally. Though misconduct is a fait accompli, what is more important is the way to deal with it. Since it is a global issue there is an ample scope for learning from others' experience. Is there any well defined system in place in India or is it dealt with essentially in an ad hoc manner? Here we have summarized the information about systems to deal with misconduct in case of a few countries where the misconduct in science and technology R&D is recognized as an offense meriting appropriate punitive measures and deterrents. We also show why an Ombudsman is the need for dealing with misconduct in science in India.

Research paper thumbnail of Tensile properties and microstructural evolution of Zircaloy-4 processed through rolling at different temperatures

Materials & Design, 2016

Abstract The effect of rolling at different temperatures and deformation strains on the variation... more Abstract The effect of rolling at different temperatures and deformation strains on the variation in hardness and tensile properties of Zircaloy-4 has been investigated in the present work. The initial hot extruded and annealed Zircaloy-4 was subjected to various rolling reductions of 25%, 50%, 70%, and 90% at room (298 K) and liquid nitrogen (77 K) temperatures along extrusion and transverse directions of the as-received bar, respectively. The hardness and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) obtained for samples rolled to a true strain of 2.3 along the extrusion direction were 264.67 ± 3.8 HV, 786 MPa at 298 K, and 273.57 ± 1.6 HV, 856 MPa at 77 K, while along the transverse direction, the hardness and UTS values observed were 262.7 ± 3.77 HV, 727 MPa at 298 K, and 266.57 ± 2.7 HV, 827.63 MPa at 77 K. The enhancement in strength and hardness of the Zr alloy is attributed to increase in the stacking fault probability (SFP) with the applied progressive true strains at different temperatures, which led to the greater accumulation of dislocation density and hence a better grain refinement.

Research paper thumbnail of Cystic Lymphangioma of Pancreas

Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative genomics of Neisseria meningitidis: core genome, islands of horizontal transfer and pathogen-specific genes

Microbiology, 2006

To better understand Neisseria meningitidis genomes and virulence, microarray comparative genome ... more To better understand Neisseria meningitidis genomes and virulence, microarray comparative genome hybridization (mCGH) data were collected from one Neisseria cinerea, two Neisseria lactamica, two Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 48 Neisseria meningitidis isolates. For N. meningitidis, these isolates are from diverse clonal complexes, invasive and carriage strains, and all major serogroups. The microarray platform represented N. meningitidis strains MC58, Z2491 and FAM18, and N. gonorrhoeae FA1090. By comparing hybridization data to genome sequences, the core N. meningitidis genome and insertions/deletions (e.g. capsule locus, type I secretion system) related to pathogenicity were identified, including further characterization of the capsule locus, bioinformatics analysis of a type I secretion system, and identification of some metabolic pathways associated with intracellular survival in pathogens. Hybridization data clustered meningococcal isolates from similar clonal complexes that were di...

Research paper thumbnail of Efficient synthesis of piperazine-2,6-dione and 4-(1H-indole-2-carbonyl)piperazine-2,6-dione derivatives and their evaluation for anticancer activity

Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2013

ABSTRACT Condensation of iminodiacetic acid 1 with various amines i.e., cyclohexanamine, 1-(3-ami... more ABSTRACT Condensation of iminodiacetic acid 1 with various amines i.e., cyclohexanamine, 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, pyridin-2-ylmethanamine, pyridin-3-ylmethanamine, pyridin-4-ylmethanamine, 2-morpholinoethanamine, thiophen-2-ylmethanamine, 2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethanamine, furan-2-ylmethanamine, 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanamine, and 1-(3-aminopropyl) pyrrolidin-2-one 2a–k under microwave irradiation gave the corresponding piperazine-2,6-dione derivatives 3a–k in quantitative yields. Piperazine-2,6-dione derivatives 3a–k on condensation with 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid under microwave irradiation gave the corresponding 4-(1H-indole-2-carbonyl)piperazine-2,6-dione derivatives 4a–k in quantitative yields. All the synthesized compounds (3a–k & 4a–k) were purified by crystallization and characterized by spectroscopic means. On screening at a concentration of 10 μM, compounds 3k, 4e, 4i breast (T47D), 4j lung (NCI H-522), 3i colon (HCT-15), 4e ovary (PA-1), and 4g liver (HepG-2) exhibited good anticancer activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Characteristic differences in metabolite profile in male and female plants of dioecious Piper betle L

Journal of Biosciences, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of insulin and amino acids on leg protein turnover in IDDM patients

Diabetes, 1991

To determine whether the responses of muscle protein metabolism to insulin and amino acids in pat... more To determine whether the responses of muscle protein metabolism to insulin and amino acids in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were different from those in nondiabetic subjects, leg tissue kinetics of [15N]phenylalanine and [1-13C]leucine and its metabolites were measured in eight insulin-withdrawn IDDM patients and eight nondiabetic subjects during basal insulinemia and during infusion of insulin (0.29 nmol · min−1 [ m−2). The diabetic patients were studied in the absence of amino acids, and both groups were studied during infusion of a mixed–amino acid solution (AA). In the diabetic patients, insulin alone and combined with additional AA reduced leg tissue phenylalanine release by 42 and 41%, respectively (both P < 0.05), but uptake was unchanged. Leg tissue leucine oxidation was unchanged by insulin alone but was increased (P = 0.012) fourfold during insulin infusion with additional AA. In the nondiabetic subjects, insulin with AA infusion increased leg tissue phenylalanine uptake (45.7 ± 7.5 to 73.1 ± 7.3 nmol · min−1 · 100 g−1, P < 0.01). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the diabetic patients (1.60 ± 0.28 μmol · min−1 · 100 g−1,was impaired compared with the nondiabetic subjects (3.37 ± 0.28 μmol min −1 100 g−1, P = 0.04). These results suggest that, in IDDM patients, 1) infusion of insulin fails to stimulate muscle protein synthesis even when combined with a substantially increased provision of AA, and 2) compared with nondiabetic subjects, muscle protein synthesis as well as glucose uptake exhibit blunted responses to insulin.

Research paper thumbnail of Discussion of “ Stiffness of Framing Members with Partial Composite Action ” by William J. McCutcheon (July, 1986, Vol. 112, No. 7)

Journal of Structural Engineering, 1987

Discussion of “Stiffness of Framing Members with Partial Composite Action” by William J. McCutche... more Discussion of “Stiffness of Framing Members with Partial Composite Action” by William J. McCutcheon (July, 1986, Vol. 112, No. 7). [Journal of Structural Engineering 113, 2522 (1987)]. Nikhil Kumar, Vijaya KA Gopu Member, ASCE.

Research paper thumbnail of An Indian Ombudsman Institution for Ethics in Scientific R&D

Current Science, 2015

Misconduct in science and technology R&D is about a less than desirable state of honesty, ethics ... more Misconduct in science and technology R&D is about a less than desirable state of honesty, ethics and integrity on part of the various stakeholders, be they individual researchers or organizations (state run or private) and is a matter of concern globally. Though misconduct is a fait accompli, what is more important is the way to deal with it. Since it is a global issue there is an ample scope for learning from others' experience. Is there any well defined system in place in India or is it dealt with essentially in an ad hoc manner? Here we have summarized the information about systems to deal with misconduct in case of a few countries where the misconduct in science and technology R&D is recognized as an offense meriting appropriate punitive measures and deterrents. We also show why an Ombudsman is the need for dealing with misconduct in science in India.

Research paper thumbnail of Tensile properties and microstructural evolution of Zircaloy-4 processed through rolling at different temperatures

Materials & Design, 2016

Abstract The effect of rolling at different temperatures and deformation strains on the variation... more Abstract The effect of rolling at different temperatures and deformation strains on the variation in hardness and tensile properties of Zircaloy-4 has been investigated in the present work. The initial hot extruded and annealed Zircaloy-4 was subjected to various rolling reductions of 25%, 50%, 70%, and 90% at room (298 K) and liquid nitrogen (77 K) temperatures along extrusion and transverse directions of the as-received bar, respectively. The hardness and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) obtained for samples rolled to a true strain of 2.3 along the extrusion direction were 264.67 ± 3.8 HV, 786 MPa at 298 K, and 273.57 ± 1.6 HV, 856 MPa at 77 K, while along the transverse direction, the hardness and UTS values observed were 262.7 ± 3.77 HV, 727 MPa at 298 K, and 266.57 ± 2.7 HV, 827.63 MPa at 77 K. The enhancement in strength and hardness of the Zr alloy is attributed to increase in the stacking fault probability (SFP) with the applied progressive true strains at different temperatures, which led to the greater accumulation of dislocation density and hence a better grain refinement.

Research paper thumbnail of Cystic Lymphangioma of Pancreas

Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative genomics of Neisseria meningitidis: core genome, islands of horizontal transfer and pathogen-specific genes

Microbiology, 2006

To better understand Neisseria meningitidis genomes and virulence, microarray comparative genome ... more To better understand Neisseria meningitidis genomes and virulence, microarray comparative genome hybridization (mCGH) data were collected from one Neisseria cinerea, two Neisseria lactamica, two Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 48 Neisseria meningitidis isolates. For N. meningitidis, these isolates are from diverse clonal complexes, invasive and carriage strains, and all major serogroups. The microarray platform represented N. meningitidis strains MC58, Z2491 and FAM18, and N. gonorrhoeae FA1090. By comparing hybridization data to genome sequences, the core N. meningitidis genome and insertions/deletions (e.g. capsule locus, type I secretion system) related to pathogenicity were identified, including further characterization of the capsule locus, bioinformatics analysis of a type I secretion system, and identification of some metabolic pathways associated with intracellular survival in pathogens. Hybridization data clustered meningococcal isolates from similar clonal complexes that were di...

Research paper thumbnail of Efficient synthesis of piperazine-2,6-dione and 4-(1H-indole-2-carbonyl)piperazine-2,6-dione derivatives and their evaluation for anticancer activity

Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2013

ABSTRACT Condensation of iminodiacetic acid 1 with various amines i.e., cyclohexanamine, 1-(3-ami... more ABSTRACT Condensation of iminodiacetic acid 1 with various amines i.e., cyclohexanamine, 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, pyridin-2-ylmethanamine, pyridin-3-ylmethanamine, pyridin-4-ylmethanamine, 2-morpholinoethanamine, thiophen-2-ylmethanamine, 2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethanamine, furan-2-ylmethanamine, 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanamine, and 1-(3-aminopropyl) pyrrolidin-2-one 2a–k under microwave irradiation gave the corresponding piperazine-2,6-dione derivatives 3a–k in quantitative yields. Piperazine-2,6-dione derivatives 3a–k on condensation with 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid under microwave irradiation gave the corresponding 4-(1H-indole-2-carbonyl)piperazine-2,6-dione derivatives 4a–k in quantitative yields. All the synthesized compounds (3a–k & 4a–k) were purified by crystallization and characterized by spectroscopic means. On screening at a concentration of 10 μM, compounds 3k, 4e, 4i breast (T47D), 4j lung (NCI H-522), 3i colon (HCT-15), 4e ovary (PA-1), and 4g liver (HepG-2) exhibited good anticancer activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Characteristic differences in metabolite profile in male and female plants of dioecious Piper betle L

Journal of Biosciences, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of insulin and amino acids on leg protein turnover in IDDM patients

Diabetes, 1991

To determine whether the responses of muscle protein metabolism to insulin and amino acids in pat... more To determine whether the responses of muscle protein metabolism to insulin and amino acids in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were different from those in nondiabetic subjects, leg tissue kinetics of [15N]phenylalanine and [1-13C]leucine and its metabolites were measured in eight insulin-withdrawn IDDM patients and eight nondiabetic subjects during basal insulinemia and during infusion of insulin (0.29 nmol · min−1 [ m−2). The diabetic patients were studied in the absence of amino acids, and both groups were studied during infusion of a mixed–amino acid solution (AA). In the diabetic patients, insulin alone and combined with additional AA reduced leg tissue phenylalanine release by 42 and 41%, respectively (both P < 0.05), but uptake was unchanged. Leg tissue leucine oxidation was unchanged by insulin alone but was increased (P = 0.012) fourfold during insulin infusion with additional AA. In the nondiabetic subjects, insulin with AA infusion increased leg tissue phenylalanine uptake (45.7 ± 7.5 to 73.1 ± 7.3 nmol · min−1 · 100 g−1, P < 0.01). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the diabetic patients (1.60 ± 0.28 μmol · min−1 · 100 g−1,was impaired compared with the nondiabetic subjects (3.37 ± 0.28 μmol min −1 100 g−1, P = 0.04). These results suggest that, in IDDM patients, 1) infusion of insulin fails to stimulate muscle protein synthesis even when combined with a substantially increased provision of AA, and 2) compared with nondiabetic subjects, muscle protein synthesis as well as glucose uptake exhibit blunted responses to insulin.

Research paper thumbnail of Discussion of “ Stiffness of Framing Members with Partial Composite Action ” by William J. McCutcheon (July, 1986, Vol. 112, No. 7)

Journal of Structural Engineering, 1987

Discussion of “Stiffness of Framing Members with Partial Composite Action” by William J. McCutche... more Discussion of “Stiffness of Framing Members with Partial Composite Action” by William J. McCutcheon (July, 1986, Vol. 112, No. 7). [Journal of Structural Engineering 113, 2522 (1987)]. Nikhil Kumar, Vijaya KA Gopu Member, ASCE.