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Papers by Nikolay Zheludev

Nature communications, Jan 3, 2018

A broad range of dynamic metasurfaces has been developed for manipulating the intensity, phase an... more A broad range of dynamic metasurfaces has been developed for manipulating the intensity, phase and wavefront of electromagnetic radiation from microwaves to optical frequencies. However, most of these metasurfaces operate in single-input-output state. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable MEMS Fano resonant metasurface possessing multiple-input-output (MIO) states that performs logic operations with two independently controlled electrical inputs and an optical readout at terahertz frequencies. The far-field behaviour of Fano resonance exhibits XOR and XNOR operations, while the near-field resonant confinement enables the NAND operation. The MIO configuration resembling hysteresis-type closed-loop behaviour is realized through inducing electromechanically tuneable out-of-plane anisotropy in the near-field coupling of constituent resonator structures. The XOR metamaterial gate possesses potential applications in cryptographically secured terahertz wireless communication...

Integrated Photonics Research and Applications/Nanophotonics for Information Systems

Frontiers in Optics 2008/Laser Science XXIV/Plasmonics and Metamaterials/Optical Fabrication and Testing

ABSTRACT We demonstrate that artificial chiral meta-material with electromagnetic coupling shows ... more ABSTRACT We demonstrate that artificial chiral meta-material with electromagnetic coupling shows negative index of refraction linked to exceptionally strong circular birefringence.

2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC

Integrated Photonics Research and Applications/Nanophotonics for Information Systems

ABSTRACT

We show that planar a plasmonic metamaterial with spatially variable meta-atom parameters can foc... more We show that planar a plasmonic metamaterial with spatially variable meta-atom parameters can focus transmitted light into sub-wavelength hot-spots located beyond the near-field of the metamaterial. By nano-structuring a gold film we created an array of meta-lenses generating foci of 160 nm (0.2λ) in diameter when illuminated by a wavelength of 800 nm. We attribute the occurrence of sub-wavelength hotspots beyond the near field to the phenomenon of superoscillation. Metamaterials are known to promise sub-wavelength focusing through negative refraction [1]. Here we focus light into sub-wavelength spots with metamaterials, but without making use of negative refraction. Recently it was shown that precisely tailored diffraction of light on a binary mask can create a subwavelength optical hotspot that can be used for optical imaging with resolution far exceeding that of conventional optical instruments [2]. This is possible due to a phenomenon known as superoscillation [3] where interfer...

2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Placing a small drop of gallium on an aluminium film starts a nanoscale grain boundary penetratio... more Placing a small drop of gallium on an aluminium film starts a nanoscale grain boundary penetration process that creates a robust, highly nonlinear, switchable mirror suitable for plasmonic and nonlinear optical applications.

arXiv: Optics, 2015

Photoluminescence is a phenomenon of significant interest due to its wide range of technological ... more Photoluminescence is a phenomenon of significant interest due to its wide range of technological applications in plasmonics, nanolasers, spasers, lasing spasers, loss compensation and gain in metamaterials, and luminescent media. Nanostructured materials are known to have very different luminescence characteristics to bulk samples or planar films. Here we show that by engineering a nanostructured meta-surface, we can choose the position of photoluminescence absorption and emission lines of thin gold films. The nanostructuring also aids to strong enhancement of the emission from gold, by a factor of 76 in our experiments. This enhancement is determined by the relative position of the engineered absorption and emission lines to the exciting laser wavelength and the intrinsic properties of the constituent material. These luminescence-engineered materials combined with a resonant material, as in the lasing spaser, or with the power of reconfigurable metamaterials promise huge potential ...

We present the first experimental study of light localization in disordered planar metamaterials.... more We present the first experimental study of light localization in disordered planar metamaterials. The statistics of the near field intensity are investigated and and the role of subradiant and superradiant modes is discussed.

CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference

... site licence) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Popov, SV Susceptibility ten... more ... site licence) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Popov, SV Susceptibility tensors for nonlinear optics / SV Popov, Yu. ... by Institute of Physics Publishing, wholly owned by The Institute of Physics, London Institute of Physics Publishing, Techno House, Redcliffe ...

Nature communications, May 2, 2018

Improvements in device density in photonic circuits can only be achieved with interconnects explo... more Improvements in device density in photonic circuits can only be achieved with interconnects exploiting highly confined states of light. Recently this has brought interest to highly confined plasmon and phonon polaritons. While plasmonic structures have been extensively studied, the ultimate limits of phonon polariton squeezing, in particular enabling the confinement (the ratio between the excitation and polariton wavelengths) exceeding 10, is yet to be explored. Here, exploiting unique structure of 2D materials, we report for the first time that atomically thin van der Waals dielectrics (e.g., transition-metal dichalcogenides) on silicon carbide substrate demonstrate experimentally record-breaking propagating phonon polaritons confinement resulting in 190-times squeezed surface waves. The strongly dispersive confinement can be potentially tuned to greater than 10 near the phonon resonance of the substrate, and it scales with number of van der Waals layers. We argue that our findings...

ACS nano, Jan 27, 2018

The toroidal dipole is a localized electromagnetic excitation independent from the familiar magne... more The toroidal dipole is a localized electromagnetic excitation independent from the familiar magnetic and electric dipoles. It corresponds to currents flowing along minor loops of a torus. Interference of radiating induced toroidal and electric dipoles leads to anapole, a non-radiating charge-current configuration. Interactions of induced toroidal dipoles with electromagnetic waves have recently been observed in artificial media at microwave, terahertz and optical frequencies. Here, we demonstrate a quasi-planar plasmonic metamaterial - a combination of dumbbell aperture and vertical split-ring resonator - that exhibits transverse toroidal moment and resonant anapole behavior in the optical part of the spectrum upon excitation with a normally incident electromagnetic wave. Our results prove experimentally that toroidal modes and anapole modes can provide distinct and physically significant contributions to the absorption and dispersion of slabs of matter in the optical part of the spe...

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

Choice Reviews Online

Polarization of Light in Nonlinear Optics provides a unique and detailed introduction to polariza... more Polarization of Light in Nonlinear Optics provides a unique and detailed introduction to polarization (vectorial) properties of light in intense light fields. The study and understanding of this subject is becoming increasingly important in laser physics, optoelectronics, spectroscopy and optical telecommunications. This volume gives a systematic introduction into the phenomenological and microscopic formalisms of the polarization phenomena in nonlinear optics. Crucial experiments on transmissive, reflective and pump-probe effects involving changing polarization state of light are also discussed. Polarization of Light in Nonlinear Optics will be extremely useful both as a detailed introduction to the subject for students of optical physics and nonlinear optics, and as a reference source for researchers in the field.

Light: Science & Applications

Scientific reports, Jan 15, 2017

Far-field spectroscopy and mapping of electromagnetic near-field distribution are the two dominan... more Far-field spectroscopy and mapping of electromagnetic near-field distribution are the two dominant tools for analysis and characterization of the electromagnetic response in nanophotonics. Despite the widespread use, these methods can fail at identifying weak electromagnetic excitations masked by stronger neighboring excitations. This is particularly problematic in ultrafast nanophotonics, including optical sensing, nonlinear optics and nanolasers, where the broad resonant modes can overlap to a significant degree. Here, using plasmonic metamaterials, we demonstrate that coherent spectroscopy can conveniently isolate and detect such hidden high-order photonic excitations. Our results establish that the coherent spectroscopy is a powerful new tool. It complements the conventional methods for analysis of the electromagnetic response, and provides a new route to designing and characterizing novel photonic devices and materials.

Scientific reports, Aug 12, 2016

We experimentally demonstrate that standing waves formed by two coherent counter-propagating ligh... more We experimentally demonstrate that standing waves formed by two coherent counter-propagating light waves can take a variety of forms, offering new approaches to the interrogation and control of polarization-sensitive light-matter interactions in ultrathin (subwavelength thickness) media. In contrast to familiar energy standing waves, polarization standing waves have constant electric and magnetic energy densities and a periodically varying polarization state along the wave axis. counterintuitively, anisotropic ultrathin (meta)materials can be made sensitive or insensitive to such polarization variations by adjusting their azimuthal angle.

Optics and Photonics News, 2009

Nature communications, Jan 3, 2018

A broad range of dynamic metasurfaces has been developed for manipulating the intensity, phase an... more A broad range of dynamic metasurfaces has been developed for manipulating the intensity, phase and wavefront of electromagnetic radiation from microwaves to optical frequencies. However, most of these metasurfaces operate in single-input-output state. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable MEMS Fano resonant metasurface possessing multiple-input-output (MIO) states that performs logic operations with two independently controlled electrical inputs and an optical readout at terahertz frequencies. The far-field behaviour of Fano resonance exhibits XOR and XNOR operations, while the near-field resonant confinement enables the NAND operation. The MIO configuration resembling hysteresis-type closed-loop behaviour is realized through inducing electromechanically tuneable out-of-plane anisotropy in the near-field coupling of constituent resonator structures. The XOR metamaterial gate possesses potential applications in cryptographically secured terahertz wireless communication...

Integrated Photonics Research and Applications/Nanophotonics for Information Systems

Frontiers in Optics 2008/Laser Science XXIV/Plasmonics and Metamaterials/Optical Fabrication and Testing

ABSTRACT We demonstrate that artificial chiral meta-material with electromagnetic coupling shows ... more ABSTRACT We demonstrate that artificial chiral meta-material with electromagnetic coupling shows negative index of refraction linked to exceptionally strong circular birefringence.

2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC

Integrated Photonics Research and Applications/Nanophotonics for Information Systems

ABSTRACT

We show that planar a plasmonic metamaterial with spatially variable meta-atom parameters can foc... more We show that planar a plasmonic metamaterial with spatially variable meta-atom parameters can focus transmitted light into sub-wavelength hot-spots located beyond the near-field of the metamaterial. By nano-structuring a gold film we created an array of meta-lenses generating foci of 160 nm (0.2λ) in diameter when illuminated by a wavelength of 800 nm. We attribute the occurrence of sub-wavelength hotspots beyond the near field to the phenomenon of superoscillation. Metamaterials are known to promise sub-wavelength focusing through negative refraction [1]. Here we focus light into sub-wavelength spots with metamaterials, but without making use of negative refraction. Recently it was shown that precisely tailored diffraction of light on a binary mask can create a subwavelength optical hotspot that can be used for optical imaging with resolution far exceeding that of conventional optical instruments [2]. This is possible due to a phenomenon known as superoscillation [3] where interfer...

2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Placing a small drop of gallium on an aluminium film starts a nanoscale grain boundary penetratio... more Placing a small drop of gallium on an aluminium film starts a nanoscale grain boundary penetration process that creates a robust, highly nonlinear, switchable mirror suitable for plasmonic and nonlinear optical applications.

arXiv: Optics, 2015

Photoluminescence is a phenomenon of significant interest due to its wide range of technological ... more Photoluminescence is a phenomenon of significant interest due to its wide range of technological applications in plasmonics, nanolasers, spasers, lasing spasers, loss compensation and gain in metamaterials, and luminescent media. Nanostructured materials are known to have very different luminescence characteristics to bulk samples or planar films. Here we show that by engineering a nanostructured meta-surface, we can choose the position of photoluminescence absorption and emission lines of thin gold films. The nanostructuring also aids to strong enhancement of the emission from gold, by a factor of 76 in our experiments. This enhancement is determined by the relative position of the engineered absorption and emission lines to the exciting laser wavelength and the intrinsic properties of the constituent material. These luminescence-engineered materials combined with a resonant material, as in the lasing spaser, or with the power of reconfigurable metamaterials promise huge potential ...

We present the first experimental study of light localization in disordered planar metamaterials.... more We present the first experimental study of light localization in disordered planar metamaterials. The statistics of the near field intensity are investigated and and the role of subradiant and superradiant modes is discussed.

CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference

... site licence) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Popov, SV Susceptibility ten... more ... site licence) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Popov, SV Susceptibility tensors for nonlinear optics / SV Popov, Yu. ... by Institute of Physics Publishing, wholly owned by The Institute of Physics, London Institute of Physics Publishing, Techno House, Redcliffe ...

Nature communications, May 2, 2018

Improvements in device density in photonic circuits can only be achieved with interconnects explo... more Improvements in device density in photonic circuits can only be achieved with interconnects exploiting highly confined states of light. Recently this has brought interest to highly confined plasmon and phonon polaritons. While plasmonic structures have been extensively studied, the ultimate limits of phonon polariton squeezing, in particular enabling the confinement (the ratio between the excitation and polariton wavelengths) exceeding 10, is yet to be explored. Here, exploiting unique structure of 2D materials, we report for the first time that atomically thin van der Waals dielectrics (e.g., transition-metal dichalcogenides) on silicon carbide substrate demonstrate experimentally record-breaking propagating phonon polaritons confinement resulting in 190-times squeezed surface waves. The strongly dispersive confinement can be potentially tuned to greater than 10 near the phonon resonance of the substrate, and it scales with number of van der Waals layers. We argue that our findings...

ACS nano, Jan 27, 2018

The toroidal dipole is a localized electromagnetic excitation independent from the familiar magne... more The toroidal dipole is a localized electromagnetic excitation independent from the familiar magnetic and electric dipoles. It corresponds to currents flowing along minor loops of a torus. Interference of radiating induced toroidal and electric dipoles leads to anapole, a non-radiating charge-current configuration. Interactions of induced toroidal dipoles with electromagnetic waves have recently been observed in artificial media at microwave, terahertz and optical frequencies. Here, we demonstrate a quasi-planar plasmonic metamaterial - a combination of dumbbell aperture and vertical split-ring resonator - that exhibits transverse toroidal moment and resonant anapole behavior in the optical part of the spectrum upon excitation with a normally incident electromagnetic wave. Our results prove experimentally that toroidal modes and anapole modes can provide distinct and physically significant contributions to the absorption and dispersion of slabs of matter in the optical part of the spe...

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

Choice Reviews Online

Polarization of Light in Nonlinear Optics provides a unique and detailed introduction to polariza... more Polarization of Light in Nonlinear Optics provides a unique and detailed introduction to polarization (vectorial) properties of light in intense light fields. The study and understanding of this subject is becoming increasingly important in laser physics, optoelectronics, spectroscopy and optical telecommunications. This volume gives a systematic introduction into the phenomenological and microscopic formalisms of the polarization phenomena in nonlinear optics. Crucial experiments on transmissive, reflective and pump-probe effects involving changing polarization state of light are also discussed. Polarization of Light in Nonlinear Optics will be extremely useful both as a detailed introduction to the subject for students of optical physics and nonlinear optics, and as a reference source for researchers in the field.

Light: Science & Applications

Scientific reports, Jan 15, 2017

Far-field spectroscopy and mapping of electromagnetic near-field distribution are the two dominan... more Far-field spectroscopy and mapping of electromagnetic near-field distribution are the two dominant tools for analysis and characterization of the electromagnetic response in nanophotonics. Despite the widespread use, these methods can fail at identifying weak electromagnetic excitations masked by stronger neighboring excitations. This is particularly problematic in ultrafast nanophotonics, including optical sensing, nonlinear optics and nanolasers, where the broad resonant modes can overlap to a significant degree. Here, using plasmonic metamaterials, we demonstrate that coherent spectroscopy can conveniently isolate and detect such hidden high-order photonic excitations. Our results establish that the coherent spectroscopy is a powerful new tool. It complements the conventional methods for analysis of the electromagnetic response, and provides a new route to designing and characterizing novel photonic devices and materials.

Scientific reports, Aug 12, 2016

We experimentally demonstrate that standing waves formed by two coherent counter-propagating ligh... more We experimentally demonstrate that standing waves formed by two coherent counter-propagating light waves can take a variety of forms, offering new approaches to the interrogation and control of polarization-sensitive light-matter interactions in ultrathin (subwavelength thickness) media. In contrast to familiar energy standing waves, polarization standing waves have constant electric and magnetic energy densities and a periodically varying polarization state along the wave axis. counterintuitively, anisotropic ultrathin (meta)materials can be made sensitive or insensitive to such polarization variations by adjusting their azimuthal angle.

Optics and Photonics News, 2009