Nimet Beriker - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Articles by Nimet Beriker

International Negotiation, 2017

This study proposes a conceptual model that depicts middle power mediation as a foreign policy st... more This study proposes a conceptual model that depicts middle power mediation as a foreign policy strategy in the context of asymmetric alliance dynamics. It expands on Touval’s (2003) mediation-as-foreign policy perspective and argues that once mediation is conceived of as a viable political option in the conduct of foreign policy, engaging in mediation activity enables middle powers to create an extra space of political power not otherwise available. The article introduces an analytical model that explains the dynamics of mediation-as-foreign policy approach and the mechanisms that translate mediation engagement into political leverage. The analysis focuses on aspects of Turkish mediation efforts between 2002 and 2009 in the context of Turkish-US/EU relations.

he main goal of this study is to look at factors determining mediation success in post-conflict e... more he main goal of this study is to look at factors determining mediation success in post-conflict environments. More specifically, the authors focus on the level of involvement of the mediator in a post-conflict setting and argue that relational mediation strategies should fare better in such environments. A most similar systems comparison of the European Union/USA and Turkish mediation efforts in Bosnia–Herzegovina, both of which started in October 2009, renders support for the authors’ argument. Their analysis of these two cases suggests that Turkey's relational mediation strategy delivered concrete outcomes in post-Dayton Bosnia compared to the structural intervention style adopted by the European Union/USA. The authors conclude that a relational mediation strategy facilitates the achievement of constructive solutions by helping third parties to make broader assessments of the conflict situation, and by offering flexible options in issue selection and process design.

... 4 Susan Allen Nan 'Shifting from Coherent toward Holistic Peace Process&... more ... 4 Susan Allen Nan 'Shifting from Coherent toward Holistic Peace Process' D. J Sandole. ... EsraÇuhadar Gürkyanak Çatışma Ortamlarında Üçüncü Tarafların Uzlaştırma Amaçlı Müdahaleleri: Paralel Diplomasiye Eleştirel Bakış' N. Beriker (der.) Çatışmadan Uzlaşmaya: Kuramlar ...

This article treats conflict prevention and conflict transformation as foreign policy tools that ... more This article treats conflict prevention and conflict transformation as foreign policy tools that are available to international actors alongside classical security-based foreign policy measures. It investigates the conflict resolution role of the EU on the Cyprus conflict in the context of EU accession negotiations. For this purpose, the article: (a) depicts the changes in the roles the EU has played on the island within the context of the accession negotiations; (b) illustrates the nature of structural prevention measures that the EU has taken; and (c) describes the consequences of the EU involvement on UN-led negotiation efforts. The results suggest that the EU has treated the enlargement process as a structural prevention mechanism to change the incentive systems of the conflicting parties -neglecting the conflicttransformation aspects of foreign policymaking. Thus far, this has produced inefficient policies and resulted in the EU bringing an aged conflict into its own jurisdiction. Vision-building, capacity-building, and synergy-building are the three strategies that may help the EU to expand its foreign policy toolbox and to become an influential player in world politics.

The nature of the negotiated outcomes of the eight issues of the Dayton Peace Agreement was studi... more The nature of the negotiated outcomes of the eight issues of the Dayton Peace Agreement was studied in terms of their integrative and distributive aspects. In cases where integrative elements were found, further analysis was conducted by concentrating on Pruitt's five types of integrative solutions: expanding the pie, cost cutting, non-specific compensation, logrolling, and bridging. The results showed that real world international negotiations can arrive at integrative agreements even when they involve redistribution of resources (in this casi redistribution of former Yugoslavia). Another conclusion was that an agreement can consist of several distributive outcomes and several integrative outcomes produced by different kinds of mechanisms. Similarly, in single issues more than one mechanism can be used simultaneously. Some distributive bargaining was needed in order to determine how much compensation was required. Finally, each integrative formula had some distributive aspects as well.

The negotiation leading to the historic Lausanne Peace Treaty provides a setting for exploring th... more The negotiation leading to the historic Lausanne Peace Treaty provides a setting for exploring the impacts of different power configurations on bargaining behavior. Symmetric and asymmetric coalition structures existed on two key issues in the talks, passage through the straits and the question of civil rights for minorities. A content analysis of the transcripts showed some differences in bargaining behavior between the two power structures. These structures were simulated and compared to a third condition, bilateral negotiations between parties of equal power. Opposing negotiators in the symmetric parties condition were more satisfied with the outcome, achieved faster resolutions, disagreed less, and made fewer competitive statements during the discussions than negotiators from these countries in the coalition conditions. Both similarities and differences were found in the comparison between the processes and outcomes in the actual and simulated negotiations. The results have implications for designing structures that improve negotiations and illustrate some advantages of experimental simulation.

This study analyzes four mediation initiatives in the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina in order to ... more This study analyzes four mediation initiatives in the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina in order to understand the differences between mediators' capabilities and their effect on the negotiating flexibility of the disputing parties. It is claimed that regardless of the outcomes of the negotiations, in all mediation cases, parties adopted flexible negotiating behavior in the form of making or offering concessions, agreements on rules and procedures, agreements on mutual solutions, and introducing new peace proposals. In all instances, the mediators played both the facilitator and manipulator roles. The difference between a mediation process leading to an agreement and one ending with a stalemate is found in the way and extent to which a mediator uses his or her leverage in playing the role of a manipulator.

A RECENT STUDY by Druckman and Harris (1990) compared alternative models of responsiveness for go... more A RECENT STUDY by Druckman and Harris (1990) compared alternative models of responsiveness for goodness of fit to moves made in each of six international negotiations: five were arms control talks, and one was a military base rights negotiation between Spain and the United States. One particular model was found to provide the best fit to the moves made in each of the negotiations. Referred to as the comparative responsiveness model, it assumes that bargaining moves (concessions) are responses made to a comparsion of the difference between moves made by self and other in the previous round, with adjustment in the direction of the other's previous move. This model provided a better fit to the data than the alternative directional (match or mismatch concessions, tit-for-tat) or trend models (respond to the other's increase or decrease in concession from one previous

Book Chapers by Nimet Beriker

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form ... more All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

International Negotiation, 2017

This study proposes a conceptual model that depicts middle power mediation as a foreign policy st... more This study proposes a conceptual model that depicts middle power mediation as a foreign policy strategy in the context of asymmetric alliance dynamics. It expands on Touval’s (2003) mediation-as-foreign policy perspective and argues that once mediation is conceived of as a viable political option in the conduct of foreign policy, engaging in mediation activity enables middle powers to create an extra space of political power not otherwise available. The article introduces an analytical model that explains the dynamics of mediation-as-foreign policy approach and the mechanisms that translate mediation engagement into political leverage. The analysis focuses on aspects of Turkish mediation efforts between 2002 and 2009 in the context of Turkish-US/EU relations.

he main goal of this study is to look at factors determining mediation success in post-conflict e... more he main goal of this study is to look at factors determining mediation success in post-conflict environments. More specifically, the authors focus on the level of involvement of the mediator in a post-conflict setting and argue that relational mediation strategies should fare better in such environments. A most similar systems comparison of the European Union/USA and Turkish mediation efforts in Bosnia–Herzegovina, both of which started in October 2009, renders support for the authors’ argument. Their analysis of these two cases suggests that Turkey's relational mediation strategy delivered concrete outcomes in post-Dayton Bosnia compared to the structural intervention style adopted by the European Union/USA. The authors conclude that a relational mediation strategy facilitates the achievement of constructive solutions by helping third parties to make broader assessments of the conflict situation, and by offering flexible options in issue selection and process design.

... 4 Susan Allen Nan 'Shifting from Coherent toward Holistic Peace Process&... more ... 4 Susan Allen Nan 'Shifting from Coherent toward Holistic Peace Process' D. J Sandole. ... EsraÇuhadar Gürkyanak Çatışma Ortamlarında Üçüncü Tarafların Uzlaştırma Amaçlı Müdahaleleri: Paralel Diplomasiye Eleştirel Bakış' N. Beriker (der.) Çatışmadan Uzlaşmaya: Kuramlar ...

This article treats conflict prevention and conflict transformation as foreign policy tools that ... more This article treats conflict prevention and conflict transformation as foreign policy tools that are available to international actors alongside classical security-based foreign policy measures. It investigates the conflict resolution role of the EU on the Cyprus conflict in the context of EU accession negotiations. For this purpose, the article: (a) depicts the changes in the roles the EU has played on the island within the context of the accession negotiations; (b) illustrates the nature of structural prevention measures that the EU has taken; and (c) describes the consequences of the EU involvement on UN-led negotiation efforts. The results suggest that the EU has treated the enlargement process as a structural prevention mechanism to change the incentive systems of the conflicting parties -neglecting the conflicttransformation aspects of foreign policymaking. Thus far, this has produced inefficient policies and resulted in the EU bringing an aged conflict into its own jurisdiction. Vision-building, capacity-building, and synergy-building are the three strategies that may help the EU to expand its foreign policy toolbox and to become an influential player in world politics.

The nature of the negotiated outcomes of the eight issues of the Dayton Peace Agreement was studi... more The nature of the negotiated outcomes of the eight issues of the Dayton Peace Agreement was studied in terms of their integrative and distributive aspects. In cases where integrative elements were found, further analysis was conducted by concentrating on Pruitt's five types of integrative solutions: expanding the pie, cost cutting, non-specific compensation, logrolling, and bridging. The results showed that real world international negotiations can arrive at integrative agreements even when they involve redistribution of resources (in this casi redistribution of former Yugoslavia). Another conclusion was that an agreement can consist of several distributive outcomes and several integrative outcomes produced by different kinds of mechanisms. Similarly, in single issues more than one mechanism can be used simultaneously. Some distributive bargaining was needed in order to determine how much compensation was required. Finally, each integrative formula had some distributive aspects as well.

The negotiation leading to the historic Lausanne Peace Treaty provides a setting for exploring th... more The negotiation leading to the historic Lausanne Peace Treaty provides a setting for exploring the impacts of different power configurations on bargaining behavior. Symmetric and asymmetric coalition structures existed on two key issues in the talks, passage through the straits and the question of civil rights for minorities. A content analysis of the transcripts showed some differences in bargaining behavior between the two power structures. These structures were simulated and compared to a third condition, bilateral negotiations between parties of equal power. Opposing negotiators in the symmetric parties condition were more satisfied with the outcome, achieved faster resolutions, disagreed less, and made fewer competitive statements during the discussions than negotiators from these countries in the coalition conditions. Both similarities and differences were found in the comparison between the processes and outcomes in the actual and simulated negotiations. The results have implications for designing structures that improve negotiations and illustrate some advantages of experimental simulation.

This study analyzes four mediation initiatives in the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina in order to ... more This study analyzes four mediation initiatives in the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina in order to understand the differences between mediators' capabilities and their effect on the negotiating flexibility of the disputing parties. It is claimed that regardless of the outcomes of the negotiations, in all mediation cases, parties adopted flexible negotiating behavior in the form of making or offering concessions, agreements on rules and procedures, agreements on mutual solutions, and introducing new peace proposals. In all instances, the mediators played both the facilitator and manipulator roles. The difference between a mediation process leading to an agreement and one ending with a stalemate is found in the way and extent to which a mediator uses his or her leverage in playing the role of a manipulator.

A RECENT STUDY by Druckman and Harris (1990) compared alternative models of responsiveness for go... more A RECENT STUDY by Druckman and Harris (1990) compared alternative models of responsiveness for goodness of fit to moves made in each of six international negotiations: five were arms control talks, and one was a military base rights negotiation between Spain and the United States. One particular model was found to provide the best fit to the moves made in each of the negotiations. Referred to as the comparative responsiveness model, it assumes that bargaining moves (concessions) are responses made to a comparsion of the difference between moves made by self and other in the previous round, with adjustment in the direction of the other's previous move. This model provided a better fit to the data than the alternative directional (match or mismatch concessions, tit-for-tat) or trend models (respond to the other's increase or decrease in concession from one previous

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form ... more All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 2005

ayriresmi diplomasi, özellikle son dönemlerde Türk Ermeni Barışma Komisyonu'nun (Turkish-Arme... more ayriresmi diplomasi, özellikle son dönemlerde Türk Ermeni Barışma Komisyonu'nun (Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation Commission, TARC) çalışmaları bağlamında Türk kamuoyuna yansıyan ve tartışılan bir kavram oldu. TARC'den önce de benzer bir gelişme Türk-Yunan yakınlaşması ve Kıbrıs sorunu çerçevelerinde yaşanmıştı. Türkiye Yunanistan ve Kıbrıs'ın her iki kesiminden pek çok gazeteci, işveren ve akademisyen değişik platformlarda biraraya getirildiler. Bu toplantılar kimi zaman "paralel diplomasi," kimi zaman da "yurttaş diplomasisi" adı altında kamuoyuna yansıdı. Bütün bu gelişmeler aslında diplomasinin dünyada değişen çehresinin Türkiye'deki izdüşümleri olarak nitelendirilebilir. Uluslararası ilişkilerin artık sadece "devlet" eliyle yürütülen bir ilişki biçimi olmaktan çıkması, sivil toplum örgütlerinin karar alma mekanizmalarında artan etkisi ve küreselleşme gibi birçok etken bu yeni diplomasi olgusunun günlük siyasi hayata girme sürecini hı...

Negotiation and Conflict Management Research

Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 2012

Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 2012

Security Dialogue, 2005

This article treats conflict prevention and conflict transformation as foreign policy tools that ... more This article treats conflict prevention and conflict transformation as foreign policy tools that are available to international actors alongside classical security-based foreign policy measures. It investigates the conflict resolution role of the EU on the Cyprus conflict in the context of EU accession negotiations. For this purpose, the article: (a) depicts the changes in the roles the EU has played on the island within the context of the accession negotiations; (b) illustrates the nature of structural prevention measures that the EU has taken; and (c) describes the consequences of the EU involvement on UN-led negotiation efforts. The results suggest that the EU has treated the enlargement process as a structural prevention mechanism to change the incentive systems of the conflicting parties-neglecting the conflict-transformation aspects of foreign policymaking. Thus far, this has produced inefficient policies and resulted in the EU bringing an aged conflict into its own jurisdiction. Vision-building, capacity-building, and synergy-building are the three strategies that may help the EU to expand its foreign policy toolbox and to become an influential player in world politics.

Foreign Policy (Türkiye Baskısı), 2001

... Bir başka söylem ise Türkiye'nin "köprü" olma vasfıdır... more ... Bir başka söylem ise Türkiye'nin "köprü" olma vasfıdır. ... Bu bağlamda, "ya olursa" mantığı üzerine kurulmuş bir savaş senaryosu icabı Kıbrıs'a atfedilen stratejik ... kiye'nin dış politikasında kullanılabilmesi hem de ABD'nin dış politika davranışlarının doğru tercüme edilmesi açısından ...