Nipul Tanna - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nipul Tanna

Health, 2013

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether risedronate sodium (Ac... more Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether risedronate sodium (Actonel ®) therapy, in conjunction with conventional non-surgical periodontal treatment, reduces the rate of alveolar bone loss. Secondary aims were to compare the incidence of patient dropouts in the risedronate and placebo groups, and to document adverse events. Methods: This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 125 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. At baseline, three, and nine months, standardized vertical bite-wing radiographs were taken and used to measure bone loss. Clinical periodontal examinations were taken at three-month intervals to assess whether or not the patient was experiencing rapid periodontal breakdown, in which case suitable treatment could be planned and delivered. Patients received scaling and root planing at baseline and periodontal maintenance at three-month intervals thereafter. At three months, subjects were randomly assigned to risedronate (35 mg/week by mouth) or placebo in blocks based on the severity of periodontitis (moderate, mean bone loss 2-4 mm; or severe, mean bone loss >4 mm); smoking; and diabetes. Interval bone loss in millimeters was measured from the radiographs, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in bone loss between test and placebo groups. Results: Over the ninemonth study duration, the test group exhibited a significantly greater increase in bone height (0.31 ± 0.09 mm gain test, 0.08 ± 0.09 mm gain placebo, F = 4.94, p < 0.04). There were significantly fewer dropouts in the risedronate treated group (4.8%) than in the placebo treated group (17.5%; p < 0.04, Fisher Exact Test). No serious adverse events or cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) were observed. Conclusions: Periodontitis subjects treated with risedronate had significantly more bone gain compared to placebo treated subjects. Significantly more subjects from the placebo group dropped out, suggesting the possibility of a patient-noticeable effect. There was no indication of ONJ.

Diagnostics, Dec 7, 2021

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Dental Clinics of North America, Jul 1, 2021

Imaging in orthodontics has evolved from cephalometric and extraoral films, manual cephalometric ... more Imaging in orthodontics has evolved from cephalometric and extraoral films, manual cephalometric tracings, to digital imaging and intraoral scanners. Software-assisted cephalometric tracings and three-dimensional image analysis have become routine in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Determination of biologic boundaries of orthodontic treatment and evaluation of temporomandibular joints and airway became part of orthodontic assessment. Use of advanced imaging and software to digitally plan the orthognathic surgery and accurately predict a successful outcome are now integral to orthodontic practice. This article discusses radiographic methods used in cephalometric analysis and craniofacial growth and development for a predictable orthodontic assessment and treatment planning.

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 2021

Introduction: The efficacy and efficiency of early treatment of skeletal Class III patients with ... more Introduction: The efficacy and efficiency of early treatment of skeletal Class III patients with facemask therapy are well-documented; however, very few cases for adolescents or adults were reported. Objective: The aim of this case report was to demonstrate skeletal and dental correction of a post-pubertal-growth-spurt patient whose malocclusion consisted of a skeletal Class III with slight transverse deficiency, a high mandibular plane angle, and a retrusive maxillary complex. Case report: A 13-year-5-months old Hispanic female was diagnosed as a retrognathic maxilla and mandible, a high mandibular plane angle, open bite pattern, a bilateral Angle Class I molar relationship with an anterior crossbite on the maxillary lateral incisors. A TAD-supported Haas rapid palatal expander was utilized for maxillary protraction combined with a facemask, vertical control, and maxillary molar distalization with fixed appliance. Results: The total treatment time was 26 months. An improved facial profile with maxillary lip support and more prominent cheeks was established. Adequate vertical control prevented a change in the mandibular plane angle even though facemask treatment can increase the vertical dimension. After the 18-month retention, excellent stability of the treatment results was shown. Conclusion: With skeletal anchorage and facemask treatment, orthodontists have the ability of expanding and protracting the maxilla without tipping maxillary molars buccally and without the risk of unfavorable periodontal consequences. A TAD-supported Haas rapid palatal expander allowed to control the vertical dimension and distalize molars, while minimizing undesired consequences.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Jun 30, 2022

Sufficient alveolar bone is a safeguard for achieving desired outcomes in orthodontic treatment. ... more Sufficient alveolar bone is a safeguard for achieving desired outcomes in orthodontic treatment. Moving a tooth into an alveolar bony defect may result in a periodontal defect or worse-tooth loss. Therefore, when facing a pathologic situation such as periodontal bone loss, alveolar clefts, long-term tooth loss, trauma, and thin phenotype, bone grafting is often necessary to augment bone for orthodontic treatment purposes. Currently, diverse bone grafts are used in clinical practice, but no single grafting material shows absolutely superior results over the others. All available materials demonstrate pros and cons, most notably donor morbidity and adverse effects on orthodontic treatment. Here, we review newly developed graft materials that are still in the pre-clinical stage, as well as new combinations of existing materials, by highlighting their effects on alveolar bone regeneration and orthodontic tooth movement. In addition, novel manufacturing techniques, such as bioprinting, will be discussed. This mini-review article will provide state-of-the-art information to assist clinicians in selecting grafting material(s) that enhance alveolar bone augmentation while avoiding unfavorable side effects during orthodontic treatment.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Oct 1, 2010

Progress in Orthodontics

Background Gingival phenotype plays an important role in dental diagnosis and treatment planning.... more Background Gingival phenotype plays an important role in dental diagnosis and treatment planning. Traditionally, determining the gingival phenotype is done by manual probing of the gingival soft tissues, an invasive and time-consuming procedure. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of an alternatively novel, non-invasive technology based on the precise 3-dimension (3D) soft tissue reconstruction from intraoral scanning and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to predict the gingival biotype. Methods As a proof-of-concept, Yorkshire pig mandibles were scanned, and the CBCT data were fed into a deep-learning model to reconstruct the teeth and surrounding bone structure in 3D. By overlaying the CBCT scan with the intraoral scans, an accurate superposition was created and used for virtual measurements of the soft tissue thickness. Meanwhile, gingival thicknesses were also measured by a periodontal probe and digital caliper on the buccal and lingual sides at 3 mm apic...

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM

Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Sufficient alveolar bone is a safeguard for achieving desired outcomes in orthodontic treatment. ... more Sufficient alveolar bone is a safeguard for achieving desired outcomes in orthodontic treatment. Moving a tooth into an alveolar bony defect may result in a periodontal defect or worse–tooth loss. Therefore, when facing a pathologic situation such as periodontal bone loss, alveolar clefts, long-term tooth loss, trauma, and thin phenotype, bone grafting is often necessary to augment bone for orthodontic treatment purposes. Currently, diverse bone grafts are used in clinical practice, but no single grafting material shows absolutely superior results over the others. All available materials demonstrate pros and cons, most notably donor morbidity and adverse effects on orthodontic treatment. Here, we review newly developed graft materials that are still in the pre-clinical stage, as well as new combinations of existing materials, by highlighting their effects on alveolar bone regeneration and orthodontic tooth movement. In addition, novel manufacturing techniques, such as bioprinting, w...

Diagnostics

Molar distalization has been a validated method to correct dental sagittal relationships and crea... more Molar distalization has been a validated method to correct dental sagittal relationships and create space to relieve mild to moderate crowding. In the current case report, an adult female patient had a mild skeletal Class III relationship and dental Class III molar relationship. Four premolars and one lower incisor were extracted during the previous two rounds of orthodontic treatments, and the maxillary anterior teeth were left with severe proclination and root resorption. Limited by the available teeth, extraction was not an option for her. Thus, molar distalization with TADs was the best option used in the treatment to address her chief complaint. In addition, a proper bite opening was performed to eliminate occlusion trauma. Utilizing the mid-palatal TADs, the maxillary central incisors were retracted 7.9 mm and retroclined 33 degrees, and the molar distalization was achieved as much as 8 mm. The cross-section slices of CBCT images confirmed the proper retraction of maxillary in...

Journal of clinical orthodontics : JCO, 2021

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 2021

Introduction: The efficacy and efficiency of early treatment of skeletal Class III patients with ... more Introduction: The efficacy and efficiency of early treatment of skeletal Class III patients with facemask therapy are well-documented; however, very few cases for adolescents or adults were reported. Objective: The aim of this case report was to demonstrate skeletal and dental correction of a post-pubertal-growth-spurt patient whose malocclusion consisted of a skeletal Class III with slight transverse deficiency, a high mandibular plane angle, and a retrusive maxillary complex. Case report: A 13-year-5-months old Hispanic female was diagnosed as a retrognathic maxilla and mandible, a high mandibular plane angle, open bite pattern, a bilateral Angle Class I molar relationship with an anterior crossbite on the maxillary lateral incisors. A TAD-supported Haas rapid palatal expander was utilized for maxillary protraction combined with a facemask, vertical control, and maxillary molar distalization with fixed appliance. Results: The total treatment time was 26 months. An improved facial ...

Dental Materials, 1999

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of commonly used food simulating solutions and... more The aim of this study was to determine the effects of commonly used food simulating solutions and sodium hydroxide on the softening of light cured glass ionomer cements. Methods: Four types of light cured glass ionomers (classified on the basis of the liquid component) as follows: (1) materials that combine a polymerizable monomer and polyalkenoic acid (PMPA); (2) use of a polymerizable polyalkenoic acid (PPA); (3) acid monomer (AM) in place of the polyalkenoic acid; and (4) replacement of polyalkenoic acid with polymerizable monomer (PMPR). A traditional glass ionomer and a microfil composite were used as controls. Disc-shaped specimens aged for a week at 37ЊC and 100% relative humidity were stored in water, ethanol, heptane and 0.1 M sodium hydroxide for a period of 28 days. Barcol hardness measurements were made before immersion as well as at intervals of 24 h, 3 days, 7 days and 28 days after immersion. Results: In general the softening effect was lowest on the resin composite control. Hardness could not be measured for the traditional glass ionomer after 24 h due to breakage and dissolution of samples. The different solutions had varying effects on the different classes of light cured glass ionomers. The change in hardness after 28 days ranged from an increase of ϩ6:7% for PMPA material in heptane to a complete disintegration of PPA amd PMPR in NaOH at 60ЊC. Significance: The softening effect of food simulating solutions is dependent on the formulation of light cured glass ionomers. In clinical use, the role of softening in wear will consequently vary.

Clinical and Investigative Orthodontics, 2022

Diagnostics

Cephalometry is a standard diagnostic tool in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery fields. Howeve... more Cephalometry is a standard diagnostic tool in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery fields. However, built-in magnification from the cephalometric machine produces double images from left- and right-side craniofacial structures on the film, which poses difficulty for accurate cephalometric tracing and measurements. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images not only allow three-dimensional (3D) analysis, but also enable the extraction of two-dimensional (2D) images without magnification. To evaluate the most reliable cephalometric analysis method, we extracted 2D lateral cephalometric images with and without magnification from twenty full-cranium CBCT datasets; images were extracted with magnification to mimic traditional lateral cephalograms. Cephalometric tracings were performed on the two types of extracted 2D lateral cephalograms and on the reconstructed 3D full cranium images by two examiners. The intra- and inter-examiner intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were comp...

The Angle orthodontist, 2020

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the presence of dehiscences and changes in alveolar bone height and width ... more OBJECTIVES To evaluate the presence of dehiscences and changes in alveolar bone height and width in the area of the mandibular central incisors pre- and post-orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 60 skeletal Class II patients, cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images were obtained and the patients were divided into four groups based on the presence of dehiscences at pre- and post-orthodontic treatment. The alveolar bone height and width were measured on CBCT in cross section along the long axis of the teeth. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed. RESULTS The changes in L1-NB and IMPA appeared to be correlated with vertical bone loss and dehiscence. Alveolar bone height appeared to follow a segmented relationship with these two variables, with changes below a threshold (L1-NB = 0.71 mm, IMPA = 3.02°) having relatively minimal or no effect on bone loss but with changes beyond the threshold correlated with extensive bone loss. Similarly, increases in L1-NB or IMPA correlated...

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Skeletal class II and III malocclusions are craniofacial disorders that negatively impact people’... more Skeletal class II and III malocclusions are craniofacial disorders that negatively impact people’s quality of life worldwide. Unfortunately, the growth patterns of skeletal malocclusions and their clinical correction prognoses are difficult to predict largely due to lack of knowledge of their precise etiology. Inspired by the strong inheritance pattern of a specific type of skeletal malocclusion, previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were reanalyzed, resulting in the identification of 19 skeletal class II malocclusion-associated and 53 skeletal class III malocclusion-associated genes. Functional enrichment of these genes created a signal pathway atlas in which most of the genes were associated with bone and cartilage growth and development, as expected, while some were characterized by functions related to skeletal muscle maturation and construction. Interestingly, several genes and enriched pathways are involved in both skeletal class II and III malocclusions, indicating ...

Journal of periodontology, 2014

BACKGROUND Clinical evidence suggests an association between preterm birth and periodontal diseas... more BACKGROUND Clinical evidence suggests an association between preterm birth and periodontal disease. This study explores whether specific genetic polymorphisms are associated with success of periodontal therapy in pregnant women with periodontal disease and, further, whether any of these same polymorphisms are also associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). METHODS One hundred sixty high-risk pregnant women (6 to 20 weeks of gestation) with periodontal disease (≥ 3 sites with attachment loss ≥ 4 mm) were studied. All women received scaling and root planing plus oral hygiene instruction. Periodontal examinations were performed before treatment and 20 weeks later. Participants were classified according to two study outcomes: 1) success or failure of periodontal treatment; and 2) presence or absence of sPTB. Maternal DNA samples from mucosal swabs were characterized using a 1536-SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) custom polymerase chain reaction chip. A probabilistic model of e...

Health, 2013

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether risedronate sodium (Ac... more Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether risedronate sodium (Actonel ®) therapy, in conjunction with conventional non-surgical periodontal treatment, reduces the rate of alveolar bone loss. Secondary aims were to compare the incidence of patient dropouts in the risedronate and placebo groups, and to document adverse events. Methods: This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 125 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. At baseline, three, and nine months, standardized vertical bite-wing radiographs were taken and used to measure bone loss. Clinical periodontal examinations were taken at three-month intervals to assess whether or not the patient was experiencing rapid periodontal breakdown, in which case suitable treatment could be planned and delivered. Patients received scaling and root planing at baseline and periodontal maintenance at three-month intervals thereafter. At three months, subjects were randomly assigned to risedronate (35 mg/week by mouth) or placebo in blocks based on the severity of periodontitis (moderate, mean bone loss 2-4 mm; or severe, mean bone loss >4 mm); smoking; and diabetes. Interval bone loss in millimeters was measured from the radiographs, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in bone loss between test and placebo groups. Results: Over the ninemonth study duration, the test group exhibited a significantly greater increase in bone height (0.31 ± 0.09 mm gain test, 0.08 ± 0.09 mm gain placebo, F = 4.94, p < 0.04). There were significantly fewer dropouts in the risedronate treated group (4.8%) than in the placebo treated group (17.5%; p < 0.04, Fisher Exact Test). No serious adverse events or cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) were observed. Conclusions: Periodontitis subjects treated with risedronate had significantly more bone gain compared to placebo treated subjects. Significantly more subjects from the placebo group dropped out, suggesting the possibility of a patient-noticeable effect. There was no indication of ONJ.

Diagnostics, Dec 7, 2021

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Dental Clinics of North America, Jul 1, 2021

Imaging in orthodontics has evolved from cephalometric and extraoral films, manual cephalometric ... more Imaging in orthodontics has evolved from cephalometric and extraoral films, manual cephalometric tracings, to digital imaging and intraoral scanners. Software-assisted cephalometric tracings and three-dimensional image analysis have become routine in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Determination of biologic boundaries of orthodontic treatment and evaluation of temporomandibular joints and airway became part of orthodontic assessment. Use of advanced imaging and software to digitally plan the orthognathic surgery and accurately predict a successful outcome are now integral to orthodontic practice. This article discusses radiographic methods used in cephalometric analysis and craniofacial growth and development for a predictable orthodontic assessment and treatment planning.

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 2021

Introduction: The efficacy and efficiency of early treatment of skeletal Class III patients with ... more Introduction: The efficacy and efficiency of early treatment of skeletal Class III patients with facemask therapy are well-documented; however, very few cases for adolescents or adults were reported. Objective: The aim of this case report was to demonstrate skeletal and dental correction of a post-pubertal-growth-spurt patient whose malocclusion consisted of a skeletal Class III with slight transverse deficiency, a high mandibular plane angle, and a retrusive maxillary complex. Case report: A 13-year-5-months old Hispanic female was diagnosed as a retrognathic maxilla and mandible, a high mandibular plane angle, open bite pattern, a bilateral Angle Class I molar relationship with an anterior crossbite on the maxillary lateral incisors. A TAD-supported Haas rapid palatal expander was utilized for maxillary protraction combined with a facemask, vertical control, and maxillary molar distalization with fixed appliance. Results: The total treatment time was 26 months. An improved facial profile with maxillary lip support and more prominent cheeks was established. Adequate vertical control prevented a change in the mandibular plane angle even though facemask treatment can increase the vertical dimension. After the 18-month retention, excellent stability of the treatment results was shown. Conclusion: With skeletal anchorage and facemask treatment, orthodontists have the ability of expanding and protracting the maxilla without tipping maxillary molars buccally and without the risk of unfavorable periodontal consequences. A TAD-supported Haas rapid palatal expander allowed to control the vertical dimension and distalize molars, while minimizing undesired consequences.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Jun 30, 2022

Sufficient alveolar bone is a safeguard for achieving desired outcomes in orthodontic treatment. ... more Sufficient alveolar bone is a safeguard for achieving desired outcomes in orthodontic treatment. Moving a tooth into an alveolar bony defect may result in a periodontal defect or worse-tooth loss. Therefore, when facing a pathologic situation such as periodontal bone loss, alveolar clefts, long-term tooth loss, trauma, and thin phenotype, bone grafting is often necessary to augment bone for orthodontic treatment purposes. Currently, diverse bone grafts are used in clinical practice, but no single grafting material shows absolutely superior results over the others. All available materials demonstrate pros and cons, most notably donor morbidity and adverse effects on orthodontic treatment. Here, we review newly developed graft materials that are still in the pre-clinical stage, as well as new combinations of existing materials, by highlighting their effects on alveolar bone regeneration and orthodontic tooth movement. In addition, novel manufacturing techniques, such as bioprinting, will be discussed. This mini-review article will provide state-of-the-art information to assist clinicians in selecting grafting material(s) that enhance alveolar bone augmentation while avoiding unfavorable side effects during orthodontic treatment.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Oct 1, 2010

Progress in Orthodontics

Background Gingival phenotype plays an important role in dental diagnosis and treatment planning.... more Background Gingival phenotype plays an important role in dental diagnosis and treatment planning. Traditionally, determining the gingival phenotype is done by manual probing of the gingival soft tissues, an invasive and time-consuming procedure. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of an alternatively novel, non-invasive technology based on the precise 3-dimension (3D) soft tissue reconstruction from intraoral scanning and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to predict the gingival biotype. Methods As a proof-of-concept, Yorkshire pig mandibles were scanned, and the CBCT data were fed into a deep-learning model to reconstruct the teeth and surrounding bone structure in 3D. By overlaying the CBCT scan with the intraoral scans, an accurate superposition was created and used for virtual measurements of the soft tissue thickness. Meanwhile, gingival thicknesses were also measured by a periodontal probe and digital caliper on the buccal and lingual sides at 3 mm apic...

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM

Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Sufficient alveolar bone is a safeguard for achieving desired outcomes in orthodontic treatment. ... more Sufficient alveolar bone is a safeguard for achieving desired outcomes in orthodontic treatment. Moving a tooth into an alveolar bony defect may result in a periodontal defect or worse–tooth loss. Therefore, when facing a pathologic situation such as periodontal bone loss, alveolar clefts, long-term tooth loss, trauma, and thin phenotype, bone grafting is often necessary to augment bone for orthodontic treatment purposes. Currently, diverse bone grafts are used in clinical practice, but no single grafting material shows absolutely superior results over the others. All available materials demonstrate pros and cons, most notably donor morbidity and adverse effects on orthodontic treatment. Here, we review newly developed graft materials that are still in the pre-clinical stage, as well as new combinations of existing materials, by highlighting their effects on alveolar bone regeneration and orthodontic tooth movement. In addition, novel manufacturing techniques, such as bioprinting, w...

Diagnostics

Molar distalization has been a validated method to correct dental sagittal relationships and crea... more Molar distalization has been a validated method to correct dental sagittal relationships and create space to relieve mild to moderate crowding. In the current case report, an adult female patient had a mild skeletal Class III relationship and dental Class III molar relationship. Four premolars and one lower incisor were extracted during the previous two rounds of orthodontic treatments, and the maxillary anterior teeth were left with severe proclination and root resorption. Limited by the available teeth, extraction was not an option for her. Thus, molar distalization with TADs was the best option used in the treatment to address her chief complaint. In addition, a proper bite opening was performed to eliminate occlusion trauma. Utilizing the mid-palatal TADs, the maxillary central incisors were retracted 7.9 mm and retroclined 33 degrees, and the molar distalization was achieved as much as 8 mm. The cross-section slices of CBCT images confirmed the proper retraction of maxillary in...

Journal of clinical orthodontics : JCO, 2021

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 2021

Introduction: The efficacy and efficiency of early treatment of skeletal Class III patients with ... more Introduction: The efficacy and efficiency of early treatment of skeletal Class III patients with facemask therapy are well-documented; however, very few cases for adolescents or adults were reported. Objective: The aim of this case report was to demonstrate skeletal and dental correction of a post-pubertal-growth-spurt patient whose malocclusion consisted of a skeletal Class III with slight transverse deficiency, a high mandibular plane angle, and a retrusive maxillary complex. Case report: A 13-year-5-months old Hispanic female was diagnosed as a retrognathic maxilla and mandible, a high mandibular plane angle, open bite pattern, a bilateral Angle Class I molar relationship with an anterior crossbite on the maxillary lateral incisors. A TAD-supported Haas rapid palatal expander was utilized for maxillary protraction combined with a facemask, vertical control, and maxillary molar distalization with fixed appliance. Results: The total treatment time was 26 months. An improved facial ...

Dental Materials, 1999

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of commonly used food simulating solutions and... more The aim of this study was to determine the effects of commonly used food simulating solutions and sodium hydroxide on the softening of light cured glass ionomer cements. Methods: Four types of light cured glass ionomers (classified on the basis of the liquid component) as follows: (1) materials that combine a polymerizable monomer and polyalkenoic acid (PMPA); (2) use of a polymerizable polyalkenoic acid (PPA); (3) acid monomer (AM) in place of the polyalkenoic acid; and (4) replacement of polyalkenoic acid with polymerizable monomer (PMPR). A traditional glass ionomer and a microfil composite were used as controls. Disc-shaped specimens aged for a week at 37ЊC and 100% relative humidity were stored in water, ethanol, heptane and 0.1 M sodium hydroxide for a period of 28 days. Barcol hardness measurements were made before immersion as well as at intervals of 24 h, 3 days, 7 days and 28 days after immersion. Results: In general the softening effect was lowest on the resin composite control. Hardness could not be measured for the traditional glass ionomer after 24 h due to breakage and dissolution of samples. The different solutions had varying effects on the different classes of light cured glass ionomers. The change in hardness after 28 days ranged from an increase of ϩ6:7% for PMPA material in heptane to a complete disintegration of PPA amd PMPR in NaOH at 60ЊC. Significance: The softening effect of food simulating solutions is dependent on the formulation of light cured glass ionomers. In clinical use, the role of softening in wear will consequently vary.

Clinical and Investigative Orthodontics, 2022

Diagnostics

Cephalometry is a standard diagnostic tool in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery fields. Howeve... more Cephalometry is a standard diagnostic tool in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery fields. However, built-in magnification from the cephalometric machine produces double images from left- and right-side craniofacial structures on the film, which poses difficulty for accurate cephalometric tracing and measurements. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images not only allow three-dimensional (3D) analysis, but also enable the extraction of two-dimensional (2D) images without magnification. To evaluate the most reliable cephalometric analysis method, we extracted 2D lateral cephalometric images with and without magnification from twenty full-cranium CBCT datasets; images were extracted with magnification to mimic traditional lateral cephalograms. Cephalometric tracings were performed on the two types of extracted 2D lateral cephalograms and on the reconstructed 3D full cranium images by two examiners. The intra- and inter-examiner intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were comp...

The Angle orthodontist, 2020

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the presence of dehiscences and changes in alveolar bone height and width ... more OBJECTIVES To evaluate the presence of dehiscences and changes in alveolar bone height and width in the area of the mandibular central incisors pre- and post-orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 60 skeletal Class II patients, cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images were obtained and the patients were divided into four groups based on the presence of dehiscences at pre- and post-orthodontic treatment. The alveolar bone height and width were measured on CBCT in cross section along the long axis of the teeth. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed. RESULTS The changes in L1-NB and IMPA appeared to be correlated with vertical bone loss and dehiscence. Alveolar bone height appeared to follow a segmented relationship with these two variables, with changes below a threshold (L1-NB = 0.71 mm, IMPA = 3.02°) having relatively minimal or no effect on bone loss but with changes beyond the threshold correlated with extensive bone loss. Similarly, increases in L1-NB or IMPA correlated...

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Skeletal class II and III malocclusions are craniofacial disorders that negatively impact people’... more Skeletal class II and III malocclusions are craniofacial disorders that negatively impact people’s quality of life worldwide. Unfortunately, the growth patterns of skeletal malocclusions and their clinical correction prognoses are difficult to predict largely due to lack of knowledge of their precise etiology. Inspired by the strong inheritance pattern of a specific type of skeletal malocclusion, previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were reanalyzed, resulting in the identification of 19 skeletal class II malocclusion-associated and 53 skeletal class III malocclusion-associated genes. Functional enrichment of these genes created a signal pathway atlas in which most of the genes were associated with bone and cartilage growth and development, as expected, while some were characterized by functions related to skeletal muscle maturation and construction. Interestingly, several genes and enriched pathways are involved in both skeletal class II and III malocclusions, indicating ...

Journal of periodontology, 2014

BACKGROUND Clinical evidence suggests an association between preterm birth and periodontal diseas... more BACKGROUND Clinical evidence suggests an association between preterm birth and periodontal disease. This study explores whether specific genetic polymorphisms are associated with success of periodontal therapy in pregnant women with periodontal disease and, further, whether any of these same polymorphisms are also associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). METHODS One hundred sixty high-risk pregnant women (6 to 20 weeks of gestation) with periodontal disease (≥ 3 sites with attachment loss ≥ 4 mm) were studied. All women received scaling and root planing plus oral hygiene instruction. Periodontal examinations were performed before treatment and 20 weeks later. Participants were classified according to two study outcomes: 1) success or failure of periodontal treatment; and 2) presence or absence of sPTB. Maternal DNA samples from mucosal swabs were characterized using a 1536-SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) custom polymerase chain reaction chip. A probabilistic model of e...