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Papers by Nirmalya Sinha

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Posterior Segment Pathology of Eyes by Non- dedicated Ultrasonography in a Rural Medical College

Ultrasonography has became a valuable diagnostic imaging device in the field of ophthalmology The... more Ultrasonography has became a valuable diagnostic imaging device in the field of ophthalmology The present cross-sectional study involving B-scan ultrasonography among 124 patients (248 eyes) highlighted the advantages of ocular ultra sonography (B-mode) in the evaluation of posterior segment disorders. Sonography of the eye is a rapid, cheap, safe and reliable investigation for the eye. The sensitivity and specificity of this modality in detecting posterior segment pathologies has been recorded as extremely high and is of great value to the eye surgeon for a preoperative assessment of the posterior segment when fundoscopy is not possible due to opaque ocular media from various causes.

Research paper thumbnail of Coverage and compliance of mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in endemic areas of bidar district, karnataka

International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 2017

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is the world's second leading cause Caused by wucheriabrancrofti, the i... more Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is the world's second leading cause Caused by wucheriabrancrofti, the infection is endemic in more than 80 countries, with more than 1.3 billion people at risk and 120 million already infected thirds of the endemic population resides in Research Article This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Research paper thumbnail of Attributes of metabolic syndrome in geriatric institutional residents in Secunderabad, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016

INTRODUCTION Metabolic Syndrome, a constellation of impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, hy... more INTRODUCTION Metabolic Syndrome, a constellation of impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity, is not only associated with the subsequent risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such people being twice at risk to die from these morbid conditions, and three times as likely to have a heart attack or stroke compared to people without the syndrome. 1,2 Several studies have shown a high incidence of metabolic syndrome among Indians as compared to the Western population. 3,4 Studies have also demonstrated that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age and body mass index (BMI). 5,6 The geriatric individuals (i.e. those more than 60 years of age) accounts for 7.4% of the total population in India and is projected to rise to 12.4% by the year 2026 which may pose mounting pressures on burden on health care facilities as well as health expenditures as this segment of population faces multiple and enormous medical and psychological problems. 7

Research paper thumbnail of Are the Pelvis-Abdominal Lumps of Women Concerned for Malignancy? A Clinico-histopathological Analysis

Indian Journal of Gynecologic Oncology, 2015

PurposeTo find out common causes of pelvis-abdominal (PA) lump in women of different age groups a... more PurposeTo find out common causes of pelvis-abdominal (PA) lump in women of different age groups and to analyse clinical presentation and the histopathological finding of the PA lump in the gynaecology department of a referral hospital.MethodsSixty-eight women of 60 years or less who present with PA lump were recruited for the study. Women carrying intrauterine pregnancy were excluded from the study. Clinical and histopathological analysis of PA lump was done after operations. This was an observational study. Association was assessed by means of Chi-square test. For all statistical purposes, p < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results88.23 % of PA lumps were in the age of 21–50 years age groups. Uterine fibromyoma (38.23 %), ovarian tumour (26.47 %) and endometriosis (10.29 %) were common causes presenting with PA lump. The percentage of benign PA lump in the different age groups from 11 to 60 years was significant when compared with malignant histopathology (p value = 0.000 in each age group of 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50 and 51–60 years).ConclusionsUterine fibromyoma was the commonest PA lump followed by ovarian tumour and endometriosis in the women of different age groups from 11 to 60 years. Pain and lump abdomen were common clinical symptom and sign in ovarian malignancy. Histopathology showed that PA lump of women of 60 years or less was mostly benign in nature, which was significant.

Research paper thumbnail of Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the painful total knee arthroplasty

Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology, 2015

Optimization of metal artifact reduction pulse sequences over the past decade has rendered MRI va... more Optimization of metal artifact reduction pulse sequences over the past decade has rendered MRI valuable in knee arthroplasty assessment. MRI can reliably predict the presence and extent of infection, component loosening and polyethylene wear, and component malrotation, and it can evaluate the integrity of surrounding soft tissue structures. Using dynamic contrast-enhanced angiographic techniques, vascular pathology such as pseudoaneurysm formation and recurrent hemarthrosis can also be assessed.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of WHO haemoglobin colour scale & palmar pallor for screening of anaemia among children (6-35 months) in rural Wardha, India

The Indian journal of medical research, 2008

Anaemia is a public health problem in India, particularly in women and children. Clinical diagnos... more Anaemia is a public health problem in India, particularly in women and children. Clinical diagnosis by health workers may be inaccurate. It is therefore important to evaluate simple methods for diagnosis of anaemia in rural set up with no or minimal laboratory facilities. We carried out this study to evaluate the performance of haemoglobin colour scale and palmar pallor against filter paper cyanmethaemoglobin method as screening methods for anaemia in children 6-35 months of age. A total of 772 children between 6-35 months were studied from three primary health centres of Wardha district, central India, by house-to-house visit. The child was examined for presence of palmar pallor and haemoglobin estimated by haemoglobin colour scale (HCS) and filter paper cyanmethaemoglobin method independently by two persons. Haemoglobin colour scale had sensitivity of 89 per cent and specificity of 97 per cent in detecting anaemia in children. Pallor had sensitivity of 73 per cent and specificity ...

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiological correlates of nutritional anemia among children (6-35 months) in rural Wardha, Central India

Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2008

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nutritional anemia is associated with impaired performance of a range ... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nutritional anemia is associated with impaired performance of a range of mental and physical functions in children, along with increased morbidity. Iron supplementation at a later age may not reverse the adverse effects. National Nutritional Anemia Control Program was launched in India in 1970, but it failed to make any impact. The present study was undertaken to find out prevalence of anemia and its correlates in rural Wardha in children 6-35 months of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven hundred seventy-two children between 6 months and 35 months of age were studied for anemia by cluster-sampling method. The hemoglobin was estimated in the child by 'Filter paper cyanmethemoglobin method.' Pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and other variables. Data was analyzed by SPSS 12.0.1. RESULTS: Mean hemoglobin level was 98.5 ± 12.9 gm/L. Prevalence of anemia was 80.3%. Only 1.3% children had severe anemia (hemoglobin <70 gm/L). The univariate analysis showed that anemia is significantly associated with age of the child, education of mother and father, occupation of father, socioeconomic status, birth order and nutritional status as measured by weight for age. The final model suggested that only educational status of the mother, occupation of the father, birth order and nutritional status of the child were significantly associated with anemia. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: For short-term impact, appropriate nutritional interventions remain the only operational intervention as only the nutritional status (weight for age) is a modifiable factor. But for long-term sustained impact, policy makers need to focus on improving maternal education and reducing family size.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute childhood morbidities in rural Wardha : Some epidemiological correlates and health care seeking

Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009

BACKGROUND: In India, common morbidities among children under 3 years of age are fever, acute res... more BACKGROUND: In India, common morbidities among children under 3 years of age are fever, acute respiratory infections, diarrhea. Effective early management at the home level and health care-seeking behavior in case of appearance of danger signs are key strategies to prevent the occurrence of severe and life-threatening complications. OBJECTIVES: To find out the prevalence of acute child morbidities, their determinants and health-seeking behavior of the mothers of these children. SETTING AND DESIGN: The cross-sectional study was carried out in Wardha district of central India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We interviewed 990 mothers of children below 3 years of age using 30-cluster sampling method. Nutritional status was defined by National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference. Composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) was constructed. Hemoglobin concentration in each child was estimated using the 'filter paper cyanm ethemoglobin method.' Using World Health Organization guidelines, anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration less than 110 g/L. Post-survey focus group discussions (FGDs) were undertaken to bridge gaps in information obtained from the survey. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data was analyzed by using SPSS 12.0.1 software package. Chi-square was used to test the association, while odds ratios were calculated to measure the strength of association. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to derive the final model. RESULTS: Anemia was detected in 80.3% of children, and 59.6% of children were undernourished as indicated by CIAF. The overall prevalence of acute morbidity was 59.9%. Children with mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia had 1.52, 1.61 and 9.21 times higher risk of being morbid, respectively. Similarly, children with single, 2 and 3 anthropometric failures had 1.16, 1.29 and 2.27 times higher risk of being morbid, respectively. Out of 594 (60%) children with at least one of the acute morbidities, 520 (87.5%) sought health care, where majority (66.1%) received treatment from private clinics. The final model suggested that anemia and mother's poor educational status are predictors of childhood morbidity. Conclusions: Nutritional anemia and mother's poor educational status are the most important risk factors of acute childhood morbidity. There is need to revitalize existing health care delivery and child health programs in rural India with emphasis on immediate correction of nutritional anemia.

Research paper thumbnail of Poverty, undernutrition and morbidity: The untold story of tea-garden workers of Alipurduar district, West Bengal

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Knowledge of COVID-19 and Practice of Preventive Measures Among Healthy Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India

International Journal of Health and Clinical Research, Feb 10, 2021

Introduction: COVID -19 infection may be a health threat for both mother and the growing child in... more Introduction: COVID -19 infection may be a health threat for both mother and the growing child in utero. Appropriate and authentic perception of information on COVID-19 is essential during pregnancy to avoid infection and stay safe and healthy in the changing global situation.Aim: The aim of the study was to understand the extent of knowledge and safe preventive practice followed against COVID -19 among non-infected pregnant women.Materials and Method:A cross sectional,observational, pre coded, pre validated questionnaire-based study was conducted on pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital attending OPD/IPD. Responses to questions were assessed by using a 5-point Likert scale and interpreted by percentage and chi square test. Result:All the mother were aware about the transmission and majority (72%)knew the clinical presentation of COVID-19. There was no significant correlation between age of participants and knowledge of COVID-19(p =0.538) but a strong correlation with educational level and correct knowledge was found (p&lt;0.0001).Knowledge on some important aspects like breast feeding of baby, antenatal check-up or effect of lockdown/curfew on spread of infection during covid pandemic was lacking among the study participants. Conclusion: Most of the pregnant women responded correctly and had fair amount of knowledge on COVID-19 and practicing good preventive measures during their pregnancy. However, good educational programme to sensitize and proper health supervision from the healthcare authority might keep this special population safe and help in bridging the gap in their knowledge. Keywords: Knowledge, practice, covid-19, pregnancy, questionnaire, Likert scal

Research paper thumbnail of Sexual Assault on Children: The Decadence and Destruction of Social Fabrics and Health

Child sexual abuse is one of the most serious health problems throughout the globe and increasing... more Child sexual abuse is one of the most serious health problems throughout the globe and increasing rapidly day by day. Sexual assault leaves a permanent scar in the mind and on the body of the victim and this is happening greatly in the child victims. This social menace not only affecting the victim, but the entire family also put into the shame and humiliation. The majority of sexual assault cases not focused actually to avoid social stigma. In a case control study thirty two sexually victim girls and seventy four non victim girls from Paschim Medinipur District have been studied with the active participation of Dept. Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Midnapore Medical College. The height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of each children were investigated. The significant result represented that the height, weight and BMI is higher among the victim girls. The other site of the revelation depicts the harshest reality that 43.75 per cent of the victims have been forced to continue the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight: An Experience from a Medical College Of West Bengal, India

Low birth weight is an important determinant of infant and childhood mortality and morbidity. Ins... more Low birth weight is an important determinant of infant and childhood mortality and morbidity. Inspite of nutritional transition, low birth weight remains an important public health problem in developing countries like India. With this context, the present study was conducted to find out the risk factors of low birth weight. A hospital based case-control study was undertaken in the post-natal wards of Bankura Sammilani Medical College & Hospital, Bankura from June 2017 to February 2018 . A total 120 cases (low birth weight newborns) and another 120 matching controls (newborns not low birth weight) with a 1: 1 ratio were studied. Interview of the mothers by pre-tested and pre-designed questionnaire along with review of relevant records and reports were used for data collection. Information collected on selected maternal socio-cultural factors, health and nutrition services and maternal co-morbidities. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis done to identify the independent risk fac...

Research paper thumbnail of Metabolic syndrome is not uncommon among lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients as compared with those with obesity

Indian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, which is known t... more Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, which is known to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the risk factors for NAFLD in absence of obesity (leanness) is not well-studied. This study aimed to investigate and compare the clinical characteristics, metabolic associations, and cardiovascular risk factors among patients having NAFLD with (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 23 kg/m 2) or without obesity (BMI < 23 kg/m 2). Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted among the outdoor and indoor patients diagnosed as NAFLD by ultrasonography in a tertiary care teaching hospital in eastern India. Relevant anthropometric measurements, laboratory investigations, and imaging were performed. Metabolic syndrome was classified by the "International Diabetes Federation, 2005" criteria. Results Among 120 NAFLD patients, 37 (30.8%) were lean, while 83 (69.2%) were obese. The components of MS such as systolic blood pressure (lean, 138.0 ± 17.6 mmHg; obese, 137.9 ± 15.3 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (lean, 88.9 ± 6.5 mmHg; obese, 87.3 ± 6.1 mmHg), fasting blood sugar (lean, 127.8 ± 30.8 mg/dL; obese, 135.1 ± 29.5 mg/dL), and serum triglyceride (lean, 170.5 ± 34.2 mg/dL; obese, 186.4 ± 43.8 mg/dL) were comparable among patients with obese and lean NAFLD and were more often abnormal among both the groups of NAFLD as compared with controls. Conclusion The overall prevalence of MS among NAFLD study population was 64.2%. Lean NAFLD was also associated with the component of MS like obese NAFLD.

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Drug Use and Medication Management Perspectives among Elderly and the Impact of Professional Oversight

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2018

Introduction: The geriatric population of the world is increasing, who very often suffers from mu... more Introduction: The geriatric population of the world is increasing, who very often suffers from multiple comorbidities and exposed to polypharmacy by multiple treating physicians.

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship of menstrual disorders with nutritional status of college girls from Bankura District, West Bengal, India

International Journal of Bioassays, 2016

Menstrual disorders are the most common complaints of the women. This often leads to anxiety, dep... more Menstrual disorders are the most common complaints of the women. This often leads to anxiety, depression and other such psychological problems. The present study was conducted to find out the association of nutritional status with menstrual pattern and menstrual disorders of college girls. This study was employed on ninety-seven female college students (18- 22 years) of Bankura district. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socioeconomic data and information regarding menstrual pattern and disorders. Anthropometric parameters including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (PBF), body adiposity index (BAI) was determined and mid-thigh circumference (MTC) was measured of each girls. From this study it was found that the Age at menarche (AAM) of college girls was 12.76±1.32 which was inversely related to the socioeconomic status and some anthropometric parameters like BMI, PBF, BAI, MTC etc. Monthly per capita income (MPCI) was an important determinant ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Use of Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Gynaecological Disorders in the Eastern Parts of India

Background: In India the prevalence of gynaecological disorders are alarming in situation at pres... more Background: In India the prevalence of gynaecological disorders are alarming in situation at present. Due to the social stigma, the women do not disclose their gynaecological disorders even to their closest neighbours. They disclose their problems to the local herbal healers or practitioners only. Herbal healers treat these diseases using the plants which have immense medicinal potentiality. An attempt has been made to collect the information from eastern parts of India about the use of phytomedicine for the treatment of female diseases. In the beginning of 21 st century the phytomedicines achieved the reliability to rescue the patients from the fatal diseases. Methods: The prescription of ethnomedicin were thoroughly interviewed and cross interviewed the local healers, patients, old and experienced tribal peoples regarding doses and administration. Results: About 100 indigenous medicinal plants have been recorded. The name of the plants, the parts used and the method of application...

Research paper thumbnail of Ocular effects of long term use of topical steroids among children and adolescents with vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a prospective observational study

Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2011

Topical steroids were often irrationally used on long term basis for quick relief from ocular dis... more Topical steroids were often irrationally used on long term basis for quick relief from ocular discomfort of inflammatory eye conditions like vernal keratoconjunctivitis in spite of their well known deleterious ocular effects. The present study was undertaken to determine the ocular effects of long term use of topical steroids among the patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and also to evaluate the ocular responses after withdrawal of steroids. The prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary eye care centre of West Bengal. A total 150 referred patients of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, those used topical steroids for more than a month were included in the study. A complete set of ophthalmic examinations including measurement of intra-ocular pressure and visual acuity was carried out during registration. After withdrawal of steroids, the patients were followed-up periodically and finally evaluated after 8 weeks for any Improvement of Intra-ocular pressure and best ...

Research paper thumbnail of Health-Risk Behaviours and its Correlates among Schoolgoing Adolescents in an Urban Town of Eastern India

International Journal of Contemporary Medicine, 2015

Default is a serious problem among tuberculosis patients who are on treatment under RNTCP, leadin... more Default is a serious problem among tuberculosis patients who are on treatment under RNTCP, leading to persistence of infection and drug resistance in society. A multi centric retrospective observational study was under taken, to find out risk factors and reasons accountable for the default of patients registered under Category- I of RNTCP in tuberculosis unit CANTT Meerut.

Research paper thumbnail of Social determinants of stunting in rural area of Wardha, Central India

Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 2013

Background: Stunting is a consequence of long term, cumulative inadequacies of health and nutriti... more Background: Stunting is a consequence of long term, cumulative inadequacies of health and nutrition. Health system uses underweight for growth monitoring for its simplicity. Lately there is renewed interest in stunting and especially severe acute malnutrition. Stunting is a relatively neglected indicator. It is therefore imperative to understand the causes of stunting early in infancy and childhood, so that preventive measures can be taken. Hence, the present study was undertaken to study the social determinants of stunting in rural Wardha. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was undertaken in three Primary Health Centres (PHCs) of Wardha district with total population of 88,187. The sample was drawn from three PHC areas by 30-cluster sampling technique. Stunting was defined using WHO Child Growth Standards for 'height-for-age'. 'Height-for-age' values below 2 standard deviations were considered as stunted while below 3 standard deviations were considered 'severe stunting'. Result: Prevalence of stunting was observed to be 52.3% and severe stunting was 25.1%. The significant determinants of stunting were found to be age, father's education, fathers' occupation, low income, not receiving Vitamin-A supplement during last 6 months and having anaemia. Sex, caste, mother's education and mothers' occupation did not contribute significantly to the stunting. Conclusion: Low income and related factors such as father's education and his occupation are important determinant of the stunting. Father being the decision maker, his education is of importance. Vitamin-A supplementation and anaemia as surrogate indicators for access to health care also found out to be significant determinants of stunting.

Research paper thumbnail of Skill of Frontline Workers Implementing Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness: Experience from a District of West Bengal, India

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2010

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Purulia district, West Bengal, India, to assess the skil... more A cross-sectional study was conducted in Purulia district, West Bengal, India, to assess the skill of 155 frontline workers implementing Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) and the logistic support thereof. The skills of counting respiratory rate, assessing immunization status in both age groups, assessment of breastfeeding in young infants and plotting of weight in a growth chart in case of children aged 2-59 months were acquired by majority of workers. Around two-thirds workers synthesized correct classification and nearly 60% gave appropriate management of at least one subgroup. In 30-40% cases, carers received feeding advices. Around 50% casesheets were complete and timely report submission rate was nearly 70%. Necessary equipments were available with majority of workers except the utensils for preparation of ORS. The supply of essential drugs varied from 33.5 to 71.6%. These findings suggest that IMNCI program offered a scope for capacity-building and infrastructure strengthening of the health system.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Posterior Segment Pathology of Eyes by Non- dedicated Ultrasonography in a Rural Medical College

Ultrasonography has became a valuable diagnostic imaging device in the field of ophthalmology The... more Ultrasonography has became a valuable diagnostic imaging device in the field of ophthalmology The present cross-sectional study involving B-scan ultrasonography among 124 patients (248 eyes) highlighted the advantages of ocular ultra sonography (B-mode) in the evaluation of posterior segment disorders. Sonography of the eye is a rapid, cheap, safe and reliable investigation for the eye. The sensitivity and specificity of this modality in detecting posterior segment pathologies has been recorded as extremely high and is of great value to the eye surgeon for a preoperative assessment of the posterior segment when fundoscopy is not possible due to opaque ocular media from various causes.

Research paper thumbnail of Coverage and compliance of mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in endemic areas of bidar district, karnataka

International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 2017

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is the world's second leading cause Caused by wucheriabrancrofti, the i... more Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is the world's second leading cause Caused by wucheriabrancrofti, the infection is endemic in more than 80 countries, with more than 1.3 billion people at risk and 120 million already infected thirds of the endemic population resides in Research Article This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Research paper thumbnail of Attributes of metabolic syndrome in geriatric institutional residents in Secunderabad, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016

INTRODUCTION Metabolic Syndrome, a constellation of impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, hy... more INTRODUCTION Metabolic Syndrome, a constellation of impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity, is not only associated with the subsequent risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such people being twice at risk to die from these morbid conditions, and three times as likely to have a heart attack or stroke compared to people without the syndrome. 1,2 Several studies have shown a high incidence of metabolic syndrome among Indians as compared to the Western population. 3,4 Studies have also demonstrated that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age and body mass index (BMI). 5,6 The geriatric individuals (i.e. those more than 60 years of age) accounts for 7.4% of the total population in India and is projected to rise to 12.4% by the year 2026 which may pose mounting pressures on burden on health care facilities as well as health expenditures as this segment of population faces multiple and enormous medical and psychological problems. 7

Research paper thumbnail of Are the Pelvis-Abdominal Lumps of Women Concerned for Malignancy? A Clinico-histopathological Analysis

Indian Journal of Gynecologic Oncology, 2015

PurposeTo find out common causes of pelvis-abdominal (PA) lump in women of different age groups a... more PurposeTo find out common causes of pelvis-abdominal (PA) lump in women of different age groups and to analyse clinical presentation and the histopathological finding of the PA lump in the gynaecology department of a referral hospital.MethodsSixty-eight women of 60 years or less who present with PA lump were recruited for the study. Women carrying intrauterine pregnancy were excluded from the study. Clinical and histopathological analysis of PA lump was done after operations. This was an observational study. Association was assessed by means of Chi-square test. For all statistical purposes, p < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results88.23 % of PA lumps were in the age of 21–50 years age groups. Uterine fibromyoma (38.23 %), ovarian tumour (26.47 %) and endometriosis (10.29 %) were common causes presenting with PA lump. The percentage of benign PA lump in the different age groups from 11 to 60 years was significant when compared with malignant histopathology (p value = 0.000 in each age group of 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50 and 51–60 years).ConclusionsUterine fibromyoma was the commonest PA lump followed by ovarian tumour and endometriosis in the women of different age groups from 11 to 60 years. Pain and lump abdomen were common clinical symptom and sign in ovarian malignancy. Histopathology showed that PA lump of women of 60 years or less was mostly benign in nature, which was significant.

Research paper thumbnail of Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the painful total knee arthroplasty

Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology, 2015

Optimization of metal artifact reduction pulse sequences over the past decade has rendered MRI va... more Optimization of metal artifact reduction pulse sequences over the past decade has rendered MRI valuable in knee arthroplasty assessment. MRI can reliably predict the presence and extent of infection, component loosening and polyethylene wear, and component malrotation, and it can evaluate the integrity of surrounding soft tissue structures. Using dynamic contrast-enhanced angiographic techniques, vascular pathology such as pseudoaneurysm formation and recurrent hemarthrosis can also be assessed.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of WHO haemoglobin colour scale & palmar pallor for screening of anaemia among children (6-35 months) in rural Wardha, India

The Indian journal of medical research, 2008

Anaemia is a public health problem in India, particularly in women and children. Clinical diagnos... more Anaemia is a public health problem in India, particularly in women and children. Clinical diagnosis by health workers may be inaccurate. It is therefore important to evaluate simple methods for diagnosis of anaemia in rural set up with no or minimal laboratory facilities. We carried out this study to evaluate the performance of haemoglobin colour scale and palmar pallor against filter paper cyanmethaemoglobin method as screening methods for anaemia in children 6-35 months of age. A total of 772 children between 6-35 months were studied from three primary health centres of Wardha district, central India, by house-to-house visit. The child was examined for presence of palmar pallor and haemoglobin estimated by haemoglobin colour scale (HCS) and filter paper cyanmethaemoglobin method independently by two persons. Haemoglobin colour scale had sensitivity of 89 per cent and specificity of 97 per cent in detecting anaemia in children. Pallor had sensitivity of 73 per cent and specificity ...

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiological correlates of nutritional anemia among children (6-35 months) in rural Wardha, Central India

Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2008

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nutritional anemia is associated with impaired performance of a range ... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nutritional anemia is associated with impaired performance of a range of mental and physical functions in children, along with increased morbidity. Iron supplementation at a later age may not reverse the adverse effects. National Nutritional Anemia Control Program was launched in India in 1970, but it failed to make any impact. The present study was undertaken to find out prevalence of anemia and its correlates in rural Wardha in children 6-35 months of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven hundred seventy-two children between 6 months and 35 months of age were studied for anemia by cluster-sampling method. The hemoglobin was estimated in the child by 'Filter paper cyanmethemoglobin method.' Pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and other variables. Data was analyzed by SPSS 12.0.1. RESULTS: Mean hemoglobin level was 98.5 ± 12.9 gm/L. Prevalence of anemia was 80.3%. Only 1.3% children had severe anemia (hemoglobin <70 gm/L). The univariate analysis showed that anemia is significantly associated with age of the child, education of mother and father, occupation of father, socioeconomic status, birth order and nutritional status as measured by weight for age. The final model suggested that only educational status of the mother, occupation of the father, birth order and nutritional status of the child were significantly associated with anemia. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: For short-term impact, appropriate nutritional interventions remain the only operational intervention as only the nutritional status (weight for age) is a modifiable factor. But for long-term sustained impact, policy makers need to focus on improving maternal education and reducing family size.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute childhood morbidities in rural Wardha : Some epidemiological correlates and health care seeking

Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009

BACKGROUND: In India, common morbidities among children under 3 years of age are fever, acute res... more BACKGROUND: In India, common morbidities among children under 3 years of age are fever, acute respiratory infections, diarrhea. Effective early management at the home level and health care-seeking behavior in case of appearance of danger signs are key strategies to prevent the occurrence of severe and life-threatening complications. OBJECTIVES: To find out the prevalence of acute child morbidities, their determinants and health-seeking behavior of the mothers of these children. SETTING AND DESIGN: The cross-sectional study was carried out in Wardha district of central India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We interviewed 990 mothers of children below 3 years of age using 30-cluster sampling method. Nutritional status was defined by National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference. Composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) was constructed. Hemoglobin concentration in each child was estimated using the 'filter paper cyanm ethemoglobin method.' Using World Health Organization guidelines, anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration less than 110 g/L. Post-survey focus group discussions (FGDs) were undertaken to bridge gaps in information obtained from the survey. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data was analyzed by using SPSS 12.0.1 software package. Chi-square was used to test the association, while odds ratios were calculated to measure the strength of association. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to derive the final model. RESULTS: Anemia was detected in 80.3% of children, and 59.6% of children were undernourished as indicated by CIAF. The overall prevalence of acute morbidity was 59.9%. Children with mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia had 1.52, 1.61 and 9.21 times higher risk of being morbid, respectively. Similarly, children with single, 2 and 3 anthropometric failures had 1.16, 1.29 and 2.27 times higher risk of being morbid, respectively. Out of 594 (60%) children with at least one of the acute morbidities, 520 (87.5%) sought health care, where majority (66.1%) received treatment from private clinics. The final model suggested that anemia and mother's poor educational status are predictors of childhood morbidity. Conclusions: Nutritional anemia and mother's poor educational status are the most important risk factors of acute childhood morbidity. There is need to revitalize existing health care delivery and child health programs in rural India with emphasis on immediate correction of nutritional anemia.

Research paper thumbnail of Poverty, undernutrition and morbidity: The untold story of tea-garden workers of Alipurduar district, West Bengal

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Knowledge of COVID-19 and Practice of Preventive Measures Among Healthy Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India

International Journal of Health and Clinical Research, Feb 10, 2021

Introduction: COVID -19 infection may be a health threat for both mother and the growing child in... more Introduction: COVID -19 infection may be a health threat for both mother and the growing child in utero. Appropriate and authentic perception of information on COVID-19 is essential during pregnancy to avoid infection and stay safe and healthy in the changing global situation.Aim: The aim of the study was to understand the extent of knowledge and safe preventive practice followed against COVID -19 among non-infected pregnant women.Materials and Method:A cross sectional,observational, pre coded, pre validated questionnaire-based study was conducted on pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital attending OPD/IPD. Responses to questions were assessed by using a 5-point Likert scale and interpreted by percentage and chi square test. Result:All the mother were aware about the transmission and majority (72%)knew the clinical presentation of COVID-19. There was no significant correlation between age of participants and knowledge of COVID-19(p =0.538) but a strong correlation with educational level and correct knowledge was found (p&lt;0.0001).Knowledge on some important aspects like breast feeding of baby, antenatal check-up or effect of lockdown/curfew on spread of infection during covid pandemic was lacking among the study participants. Conclusion: Most of the pregnant women responded correctly and had fair amount of knowledge on COVID-19 and practicing good preventive measures during their pregnancy. However, good educational programme to sensitize and proper health supervision from the healthcare authority might keep this special population safe and help in bridging the gap in their knowledge. Keywords: Knowledge, practice, covid-19, pregnancy, questionnaire, Likert scal

Research paper thumbnail of Sexual Assault on Children: The Decadence and Destruction of Social Fabrics and Health

Child sexual abuse is one of the most serious health problems throughout the globe and increasing... more Child sexual abuse is one of the most serious health problems throughout the globe and increasing rapidly day by day. Sexual assault leaves a permanent scar in the mind and on the body of the victim and this is happening greatly in the child victims. This social menace not only affecting the victim, but the entire family also put into the shame and humiliation. The majority of sexual assault cases not focused actually to avoid social stigma. In a case control study thirty two sexually victim girls and seventy four non victim girls from Paschim Medinipur District have been studied with the active participation of Dept. Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Midnapore Medical College. The height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of each children were investigated. The significant result represented that the height, weight and BMI is higher among the victim girls. The other site of the revelation depicts the harshest reality that 43.75 per cent of the victims have been forced to continue the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight: An Experience from a Medical College Of West Bengal, India

Low birth weight is an important determinant of infant and childhood mortality and morbidity. Ins... more Low birth weight is an important determinant of infant and childhood mortality and morbidity. Inspite of nutritional transition, low birth weight remains an important public health problem in developing countries like India. With this context, the present study was conducted to find out the risk factors of low birth weight. A hospital based case-control study was undertaken in the post-natal wards of Bankura Sammilani Medical College & Hospital, Bankura from June 2017 to February 2018 . A total 120 cases (low birth weight newborns) and another 120 matching controls (newborns not low birth weight) with a 1: 1 ratio were studied. Interview of the mothers by pre-tested and pre-designed questionnaire along with review of relevant records and reports were used for data collection. Information collected on selected maternal socio-cultural factors, health and nutrition services and maternal co-morbidities. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis done to identify the independent risk fac...

Research paper thumbnail of Metabolic syndrome is not uncommon among lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients as compared with those with obesity

Indian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, which is known t... more Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, which is known to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the risk factors for NAFLD in absence of obesity (leanness) is not well-studied. This study aimed to investigate and compare the clinical characteristics, metabolic associations, and cardiovascular risk factors among patients having NAFLD with (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 23 kg/m 2) or without obesity (BMI < 23 kg/m 2). Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted among the outdoor and indoor patients diagnosed as NAFLD by ultrasonography in a tertiary care teaching hospital in eastern India. Relevant anthropometric measurements, laboratory investigations, and imaging were performed. Metabolic syndrome was classified by the "International Diabetes Federation, 2005" criteria. Results Among 120 NAFLD patients, 37 (30.8%) were lean, while 83 (69.2%) were obese. The components of MS such as systolic blood pressure (lean, 138.0 ± 17.6 mmHg; obese, 137.9 ± 15.3 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (lean, 88.9 ± 6.5 mmHg; obese, 87.3 ± 6.1 mmHg), fasting blood sugar (lean, 127.8 ± 30.8 mg/dL; obese, 135.1 ± 29.5 mg/dL), and serum triglyceride (lean, 170.5 ± 34.2 mg/dL; obese, 186.4 ± 43.8 mg/dL) were comparable among patients with obese and lean NAFLD and were more often abnormal among both the groups of NAFLD as compared with controls. Conclusion The overall prevalence of MS among NAFLD study population was 64.2%. Lean NAFLD was also associated with the component of MS like obese NAFLD.

Research paper thumbnail of A Study on Drug Use and Medication Management Perspectives among Elderly and the Impact of Professional Oversight

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2018

Introduction: The geriatric population of the world is increasing, who very often suffers from mu... more Introduction: The geriatric population of the world is increasing, who very often suffers from multiple comorbidities and exposed to polypharmacy by multiple treating physicians.

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship of menstrual disorders with nutritional status of college girls from Bankura District, West Bengal, India

International Journal of Bioassays, 2016

Menstrual disorders are the most common complaints of the women. This often leads to anxiety, dep... more Menstrual disorders are the most common complaints of the women. This often leads to anxiety, depression and other such psychological problems. The present study was conducted to find out the association of nutritional status with menstrual pattern and menstrual disorders of college girls. This study was employed on ninety-seven female college students (18- 22 years) of Bankura district. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socioeconomic data and information regarding menstrual pattern and disorders. Anthropometric parameters including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (PBF), body adiposity index (BAI) was determined and mid-thigh circumference (MTC) was measured of each girls. From this study it was found that the Age at menarche (AAM) of college girls was 12.76±1.32 which was inversely related to the socioeconomic status and some anthropometric parameters like BMI, PBF, BAI, MTC etc. Monthly per capita income (MPCI) was an important determinant ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Use of Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Gynaecological Disorders in the Eastern Parts of India

Background: In India the prevalence of gynaecological disorders are alarming in situation at pres... more Background: In India the prevalence of gynaecological disorders are alarming in situation at present. Due to the social stigma, the women do not disclose their gynaecological disorders even to their closest neighbours. They disclose their problems to the local herbal healers or practitioners only. Herbal healers treat these diseases using the plants which have immense medicinal potentiality. An attempt has been made to collect the information from eastern parts of India about the use of phytomedicine for the treatment of female diseases. In the beginning of 21 st century the phytomedicines achieved the reliability to rescue the patients from the fatal diseases. Methods: The prescription of ethnomedicin were thoroughly interviewed and cross interviewed the local healers, patients, old and experienced tribal peoples regarding doses and administration. Results: About 100 indigenous medicinal plants have been recorded. The name of the plants, the parts used and the method of application...

Research paper thumbnail of Ocular effects of long term use of topical steroids among children and adolescents with vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a prospective observational study

Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2011

Topical steroids were often irrationally used on long term basis for quick relief from ocular dis... more Topical steroids were often irrationally used on long term basis for quick relief from ocular discomfort of inflammatory eye conditions like vernal keratoconjunctivitis in spite of their well known deleterious ocular effects. The present study was undertaken to determine the ocular effects of long term use of topical steroids among the patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and also to evaluate the ocular responses after withdrawal of steroids. The prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary eye care centre of West Bengal. A total 150 referred patients of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, those used topical steroids for more than a month were included in the study. A complete set of ophthalmic examinations including measurement of intra-ocular pressure and visual acuity was carried out during registration. After withdrawal of steroids, the patients were followed-up periodically and finally evaluated after 8 weeks for any Improvement of Intra-ocular pressure and best ...

Research paper thumbnail of Health-Risk Behaviours and its Correlates among Schoolgoing Adolescents in an Urban Town of Eastern India

International Journal of Contemporary Medicine, 2015

Default is a serious problem among tuberculosis patients who are on treatment under RNTCP, leadin... more Default is a serious problem among tuberculosis patients who are on treatment under RNTCP, leading to persistence of infection and drug resistance in society. A multi centric retrospective observational study was under taken, to find out risk factors and reasons accountable for the default of patients registered under Category- I of RNTCP in tuberculosis unit CANTT Meerut.

Research paper thumbnail of Social determinants of stunting in rural area of Wardha, Central India

Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 2013

Background: Stunting is a consequence of long term, cumulative inadequacies of health and nutriti... more Background: Stunting is a consequence of long term, cumulative inadequacies of health and nutrition. Health system uses underweight for growth monitoring for its simplicity. Lately there is renewed interest in stunting and especially severe acute malnutrition. Stunting is a relatively neglected indicator. It is therefore imperative to understand the causes of stunting early in infancy and childhood, so that preventive measures can be taken. Hence, the present study was undertaken to study the social determinants of stunting in rural Wardha. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was undertaken in three Primary Health Centres (PHCs) of Wardha district with total population of 88,187. The sample was drawn from three PHC areas by 30-cluster sampling technique. Stunting was defined using WHO Child Growth Standards for 'height-for-age'. 'Height-for-age' values below 2 standard deviations were considered as stunted while below 3 standard deviations were considered 'severe stunting'. Result: Prevalence of stunting was observed to be 52.3% and severe stunting was 25.1%. The significant determinants of stunting were found to be age, father's education, fathers' occupation, low income, not receiving Vitamin-A supplement during last 6 months and having anaemia. Sex, caste, mother's education and mothers' occupation did not contribute significantly to the stunting. Conclusion: Low income and related factors such as father's education and his occupation are important determinant of the stunting. Father being the decision maker, his education is of importance. Vitamin-A supplementation and anaemia as surrogate indicators for access to health care also found out to be significant determinants of stunting.

Research paper thumbnail of Skill of Frontline Workers Implementing Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness: Experience from a District of West Bengal, India

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2010

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Purulia district, West Bengal, India, to assess the skil... more A cross-sectional study was conducted in Purulia district, West Bengal, India, to assess the skill of 155 frontline workers implementing Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) and the logistic support thereof. The skills of counting respiratory rate, assessing immunization status in both age groups, assessment of breastfeeding in young infants and plotting of weight in a growth chart in case of children aged 2-59 months were acquired by majority of workers. Around two-thirds workers synthesized correct classification and nearly 60% gave appropriate management of at least one subgroup. In 30-40% cases, carers received feeding advices. Around 50% casesheets were complete and timely report submission rate was nearly 70%. Necessary equipments were available with majority of workers except the utensils for preparation of ORS. The supply of essential drugs varied from 33.5 to 71.6%. These findings suggest that IMNCI program offered a scope for capacity-building and infrastructure strengthening of the health system.