Noam Weisbrod - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by Noam Weisbrod
Agricultural Water Management, 2021
Frontiers in Earth Science, 2020
Journal of Hydrology, 2016
Summary The relationship between the density, temperature and viscosity of hypersaline solutions,... more Summary The relationship between the density, temperature and viscosity of hypersaline solutions, both natural and synthetic, is explored. An empirical equation of the density–viscosity relationship as a function of temperature was developed for the Dead Sea brine and its dilutions. The viscosity levels of the Dead Sea brine (density of 1.24 ⋅ 10 3 kg/m 3 ; viscosity of 3.6 mPa s at 20 °C) and of the more extremely saline natural brine (density of 1.37 ⋅ 10 3 kg/m 3 ) were found to be ∼3 and ∼10 times greater than that of fresh water, respectively. The combined effect of the above changes in viscosity and density on the hydraulic conductivity is reduction by a factor of 3–7. The chemical composition significantly affects the viscosity of brines with similar densities, whereby solutions with a higher Mg/Na ratio have higher viscosity. This explains the extremely high viscosity of the Dead Sea and related Mg-rich brines in comparison with the much lower values of NaCl and KCl brines with similar density. Possible impacts of the results include reduced settling velocity of grains in hypersaline viscous brines and changing hydraulic dynamics at the freshwater–saltwater and the vicinity of sinkholes.
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2019
Vadose Zone Journal, 2015
We introduce a calibration procedure for a non‐penetrating TDR probe. The measured dielectric per... more We introduce a calibration procedure for a non‐penetrating TDR probe. The measured dielectric permittivity is a volume average of the soil and the measurement apparatus. We experimentally calibrated the TDR probe for various soils.
Science of The Total Environment, 2020
Vadose Zone Journal, 2016
Geophysical Monograph Series, 2013
Water Resources Research, 2002
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2012
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2012
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011
Environmental Science & Technology, 2013
Enzyme-substrate microbial water tests, originally developed for efficiency gains in laboratory s... more Enzyme-substrate microbial water tests, originally developed for efficiency gains in laboratory settings, are potentially useful for on-site analysis in remote settings. This is especially relevant in developing countries where water quality is a pressing concern and qualified laboratories are rare. We investigated one such method, Colisure, first for sensitivity to incubation temperatures in order to explore alternative incubation techniques appropriate for remote areas, and then in a remote community of Zambia for detection of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in drinking-water samples. We sampled and analyzed 352 water samples from source, transport containers and point-of-use from 164 random households. Both internal validity (96-100%) and laboratory trials (zero false negatives or positives at incubation between 30 and 40 °C) established reliability under field conditions. We therefore recommend the use of this and other enzyme-based methods for remote applications. We also found that most water samples from wells accessing groundwater were free of E. coli whereas most samples from surface sources were fecally contaminated. We further found very low awareness among the population of the high levels of recontamination in household storage containers, suggesting the need for monitoring and treatment beyond the water source itself.
Relations are presented that describe the behavior of water with high salt concentrations in vari... more Relations are presented that describe the behavior of water with high salt concentrations in variably saturated porous media for isothermal systems. Equations were derived using classic equilibrium thermodynamics of closed systems. Resulting corrections for vapor pressure, liquid pressure, and Darcy coefficients are presented, and an extension of the relations to non-isothermal systems is proposed. Next, the governing equations obtained using
Planet Earth 2011 - Global Warming Challenges and Opportunities for Policy and Practice, 2011
Agricultural Water Management, 2021
Frontiers in Earth Science, 2020
Journal of Hydrology, 2016
Summary The relationship between the density, temperature and viscosity of hypersaline solutions,... more Summary The relationship between the density, temperature and viscosity of hypersaline solutions, both natural and synthetic, is explored. An empirical equation of the density–viscosity relationship as a function of temperature was developed for the Dead Sea brine and its dilutions. The viscosity levels of the Dead Sea brine (density of 1.24 ⋅ 10 3 kg/m 3 ; viscosity of 3.6 mPa s at 20 °C) and of the more extremely saline natural brine (density of 1.37 ⋅ 10 3 kg/m 3 ) were found to be ∼3 and ∼10 times greater than that of fresh water, respectively. The combined effect of the above changes in viscosity and density on the hydraulic conductivity is reduction by a factor of 3–7. The chemical composition significantly affects the viscosity of brines with similar densities, whereby solutions with a higher Mg/Na ratio have higher viscosity. This explains the extremely high viscosity of the Dead Sea and related Mg-rich brines in comparison with the much lower values of NaCl and KCl brines with similar density. Possible impacts of the results include reduced settling velocity of grains in hypersaline viscous brines and changing hydraulic dynamics at the freshwater–saltwater and the vicinity of sinkholes.
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2019
Vadose Zone Journal, 2015
We introduce a calibration procedure for a non‐penetrating TDR probe. The measured dielectric per... more We introduce a calibration procedure for a non‐penetrating TDR probe. The measured dielectric permittivity is a volume average of the soil and the measurement apparatus. We experimentally calibrated the TDR probe for various soils.
Science of The Total Environment, 2020
Vadose Zone Journal, 2016
Geophysical Monograph Series, 2013
Water Resources Research, 2002
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2012
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2012
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011
Environmental Science & Technology, 2013
Enzyme-substrate microbial water tests, originally developed for efficiency gains in laboratory s... more Enzyme-substrate microbial water tests, originally developed for efficiency gains in laboratory settings, are potentially useful for on-site analysis in remote settings. This is especially relevant in developing countries where water quality is a pressing concern and qualified laboratories are rare. We investigated one such method, Colisure, first for sensitivity to incubation temperatures in order to explore alternative incubation techniques appropriate for remote areas, and then in a remote community of Zambia for detection of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in drinking-water samples. We sampled and analyzed 352 water samples from source, transport containers and point-of-use from 164 random households. Both internal validity (96-100%) and laboratory trials (zero false negatives or positives at incubation between 30 and 40 °C) established reliability under field conditions. We therefore recommend the use of this and other enzyme-based methods for remote applications. We also found that most water samples from wells accessing groundwater were free of E. coli whereas most samples from surface sources were fecally contaminated. We further found very low awareness among the population of the high levels of recontamination in household storage containers, suggesting the need for monitoring and treatment beyond the water source itself.
Relations are presented that describe the behavior of water with high salt concentrations in vari... more Relations are presented that describe the behavior of water with high salt concentrations in variably saturated porous media for isothermal systems. Equations were derived using classic equilibrium thermodynamics of closed systems. Resulting corrections for vapor pressure, liquid pressure, and Darcy coefficients are presented, and an extension of the relations to non-isothermal systems is proposed. Next, the governing equations obtained using
Planet Earth 2011 - Global Warming Challenges and Opportunities for Policy and Practice, 2011