Nomusa Mngoma - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nomusa Mngoma

InTech eBooks, Oct 26, 2011

Purpose: The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute new knowledge by examining psychosocial ... more Purpose: The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute new knowledge by examining psychosocial factors and return-to-work profiles of occupational low back pain patients in a rehabilitation clinic. Outcome measures for injured workers with subacute low back pain included: change in measures, program utilization, pain profiles and return-to-work. Methods: A total of 147 patients who met the eligibility criteria and consented, participated in a clinic-based, individualized, exercise-based treatment that included patient education and reassurance. A before-and-after design was used, with data collection on admission to and discharge from the program. Results: Pre-to-post analyses revealed that statistically significant improvements had occurred. However, subgroup analyses revealed differences in responses to treatment among the subgroups. Specifically, two sets of cluster analyses were conducted; each yielded two distinct subgroups of patients, one set with different lengths of time in the program, and another showing two pain intensity profiles. Furthermore, return-to-work rates varied between the groups although the overall return-to-work rate appeared high. Conclusion: Significant improvement was achieved following participation in the return-to-work rehabilitation program. However, participants with subacute nonspecific low back pain do not form a homogenous group in terms of their clinical presentation and responses to rehabilitation. Therefore, special attention might be warranted for subgroups within the sample, whom are at an increased risk for prolonged disability.

The Cochrane library, Dec 7, 2011

Physiotherapy Canada, Jul 1, 2008

Purpose: The current study investigated the pain profiles of patients with subacute non-specific ... more Purpose: The current study investigated the pain profiles of patients with subacute non-specific low back pain attending an outpatient return-towork rehabilitation programme. Differences in symptoms of distress (depression and anxiety) and return to work between the pain-profile groups were assessed. Methods: Sixty-five volunteers who met the eligibility criteria and had complete follow-up data were included in the analysis. The mean age was 38.8 years (minimum 18, maximum 64); 38 (58.5%) were men. The median time since onset of low back pain was 30 days. Cluster analysis was used to categorize patients into groups according to pain severity scores (VAS). Results: Two distinct clusters-severe pain and moderate pain-emerged. There were significant differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms between the pain profiles. Further, return-to-work rates varied significantly between the two groups (31% in the severe pain cluster compared to 90% in the moderate pain cluster). Conclusion: Although both groups showed significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms over time, the severe pain cluster scored higher at discharge (higher scores indicating worse outcomes). These results highlight the importance of early identification of subgroups at risk so that rehabilitation interventions can be focused with the goal of minimizing long-term disability.

The Cochrane library, May 29, 2015

Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 HIV+ utilizing ART versus healthy (non-HIV+), Outcome 1 Regaining Empl... more Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 HIV+ utilizing ART versus healthy (non-HIV+), Outcome 1 Regaining Employment.. Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 HIV+ utilizing ART versus healthy (non-HIV+), Outcome 2 Days working per month. Analysis 1.3. Comparison 1 HIV+ utilizing ART versus healthy (non-HIV+), Outcome 3 Resides in Surveillance Area. Analysis 1.4. Comparison 1 HIV+ utilizing ART versus healthy (non-HIV+), Outcome 4 Job-loss Spells.. .. .

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, May 1, 1999

Objectives: To determine the LID0 Active System's reliability and validity in measuring resistanc... more Objectives: To determine the LID0 Active System's reliability and validity in measuring resistance to passive external rotation @PER) of the shoulder in subjects who have sustained a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Study Design: Twenty hemiplegic subjects, between the ages of 38 and 78yrs, participated in the study; 14 agreed to be tested on two occasions, for the reliability phase of the study. Outcome Measures: RPER, measured by the LID0 Active system; tone in the internal rotator musculature, measured by the Ashworth Scale; and shoulder external rotation range of motion, measured by a standard goniometer. Results: Test-retest reliability of RPER measured on the LID0 system was demonstrated with intraclass correlation coefficients of .95 and .67 on the affected and nonaffected limb, respectively. Differences in RPER between the affected and nonaffected limb were significant (p < .Ol) and RPER on the affected limb correlated significantly with Ashworth measures of muscle tone (Spearman's rho = .62). Conclusion: The LID0 Active System provided reliable and valid measures of RPER of the shoulder in hemiplegic subjects. The LID0 system may be a useful device for objective measurement of the effectiveness of medical and rehabilitation interventions designed to bring muscle tone into the normal range and decrease contracture in the shoulder musculature. o 1999 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation S HOULDER PROBLEMS after cerebrovascular accident (CVA) are common and may lead to impairment in function. Changes in muscle tone, restriction in range of motion, and pain are some of the problems that occur after CVA. Tone increases in the internal rotator and adductor muscle groups, as well as in the depressor muscles of the scapula, and increased tone in these muscle groups has been found to be associated with hemiplegic shoulder pain. l-3 Limited range of shoulder motion, particularly external rotation, is common after stroke and has been found to be associated with spasticity of shoulder musculature.2,4,5 Reestablishing normal tone in the internal rotator and adductor muscles, therefore, remains an important goal of From the School of Rehabilitation Therapy (Ms. Mngoma, Dr. Culham

South African Medical Journal, Dec 1, 2016

Background. Rates of gender-based violence (GBV) in South Africa (SA) are among the highest in th... more Background. Rates of gender-based violence (GBV) in South Africa (SA) are among the highest in the world. In societies where social ideals of masculinity encourage male dominance and control over women, gender power imbalances contribute to male perpetration and women's vulnerability. The drivers that cause men to perpetrate GBV and those that lead to HIV overlap and interact in multiple and complex ways. Multiple risk and protective factors for GBV perpetration by males operate interdependently at a number of levels; at the individual level, these include chronic anxiety and depression, which have been shown to lead to risky sexual behaviours. Objectives. (i) To examine psychosocial risk factors (symptoms of anxiety and depression) as well as protective factors (social support and self-esteem) as self-reported by a cohort of males in rural KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province, SA; and (ii) to determine whether there are differences in anxiety, depression, social support and self-esteem between perpetrators and non-perpetrators. Methods. A cross-sectional study using quasi-probability cluster sampling of 13 of 28 wards in Harry Gwala District, KZN. Participants were then randomly chosen from each ward proportionate to size. Results. The participants were relatively young (median age 22 years); over half were schoolgoers, and 91.3% had never married. Over 43% of the sample reported clinical levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the Brief Symptom Inventory. Rates of GBV perpetration were 60.9%, 23.6% and 10.0% for psychological abuse, non-sexual physical violence and sexual violence, respectively. GBV perpetration was associated with higher depression, higher anxiety, lower self-esteem and lower social support. Conclusions. Interventions to address GBV need to take modifiable individual-level factors into account.

International Review of Psychiatry, Jun 12, 2020

Numbers are ubiquitous to modern existence and have evolved with humanity over millenia. They str... more Numbers are ubiquitous to modern existence and have evolved with humanity over millenia. They structure, record and quantify human behaviour, spiritual belief systems and the evolution of innovation across all spheres of life. Furthermore, cultural identities and interpersonal expression often have numerical components to them for instance rites of passage, population demography and fiscal measures. The salience of numbers in both historical and contemporary cultural life arguably plays a role in individual psyches and the experience of distress or wellness. This paper illustrates the cultural relativism of numbers through superstition and foreboding to auspiciousness in different societies. As a short hand for the quantification of multiple phenomena in low literacy to high technology populations, rural and urban societies as well as traditional and evolving societies, numbers have and will continue to be core to all cultures as they have from prehistoric to contemporary times.

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Jul 28, 2022

Background: South Africa (SA) has one of the highest rates of youth unemployment and youth who ar... more Background: South Africa (SA) has one of the highest rates of youth unemployment and youth who are not in employment, education or training (NEET), even higher among Black South Africans. SA’s NEET rates are 3 times those of UK; 5.4 times of Germany; 1.3 times of Brazil; and 2.5 times of Malaysia. Given that youths between 15 and 24 years of age make up 24% of the total population, these are significant challenges for the economy and further fuel the cyclical, pervasive and enduring nature of poverty. We hypothesised that rural youth who are NEET would have a greater prevalence of mental disorders and higher rates of substance use compared to their non-NEET counterparts. The objective of the study is to determine the differences in rates of psychological distress and substance use between NEET and non-NEET rural African 14- to 24-year-old young men. Methods: The study took place in a remote and rural district municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We divided the district’s five sub-municipalities into two clusters (large and small) and randomly selected one from each cluster for inclusion in the study. We further randomly selected wards from each sub-municipality and then rural settlements from each ward, for inclusion in the study. We recruited young men as part of a larger study to explore sociocultural factors important in gender-based violence in rural SA. We compared 15- to 19-year old and 20- to 24-year old youth NEET and non-NEET on rates of psychological distress symptoms (depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, hopelessness and worthlessness) and substance misuse (including alcohol, cannabis, other recreational drugs) using a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) statistics at p < .005 level of significance level. Results: About 23% of the 355 male participants were NEET. There were no statistically significant differences in psychological distress or substance use between youth NEET and non-NEET, controlling for age. Conclusion: The study highlights difficult transitions to post-secondary education and work for Black youth in rural SA where opportunities for employment are limited. Education, training and employment appear to offer limited benefit.

Oxford University Press eBooks, Aug 1, 2022

Poverty has a complex, and in some places direct, relationship with well-being, and physical and ... more Poverty has a complex, and in some places direct, relationship with well-being, and physical and mental health. The impact can be lasting, with consequences felt over several generations. Intertwined with social determinants of health and through multiple health inequalities, poverty can precipitate and perpetuate mental disorders, help-seeking, and prognosis. This is visible in the impact on childhood and households, as well as in the impact on the trajectory of mood disorders, psychosis, trauma, substance misuse, and personality disorders. Furthermore, the global and multidimensional consequences of poverty can manifest in both wealthy and low- and middle-income countries, as well as in the rural and urban divide. Against this backdrop, Sustainable Development Goals are geared towards the reduction of poverty across regions and nation states; however, catastrophic events such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic highlight how vulnerable these can be to disruption. By illustrating the bidirectional relationship between poverty and mental health, this chapter stresses the importance of poverty alleviation as a critical social, economic, and mental health policy priority in all nations.

Culture, Health & Sexuality, Apr 6, 2022

A noticeable tendency in the first generation of scholarship on sexual orientation and gender ide... more A noticeable tendency in the first generation of scholarship on sexual orientation and gender identity/expression (SOGIE) in Africa has been the focus on urban or modern institutional settings. A dominant theme is to document people's struggles against stigma, fear and violence to better inform interventions to strengthen human rights and sexual health for all. In some cases, unintentionally, the impression conveyed of Africa is of a continent with cultures that are uniformly, hostile to SOGIE rights. The present study arises from a large survey among boys and men in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa that problematises that impression. The study revealed unexpectedly high levels of same-sex sexual experience among boys and men in a mostly rural, culturally conservative setting. Following from that revelation, we conducted in-depth interviews to gain insight into their lives. Informants did indeed recount many incidents of discrimination and violence and admitted to sometimes severe emotional health problems. Yet they also spoke of finding love, acceptance, allies, resources, humour and hope for the future. In this paper, we tease out key themes from the interviews in relation to trends in the scholarship.

Oxford Textbook of Social Psychiatry

Chair: Allison Goebel, Queen\u27s University Mark Hunter (mark.hunter@utoronto.ca) University of ... more Chair: Allison Goebel, Queen\u27s University Mark Hunter (mark.hunter@utoronto.ca) University of Toronto The rise of Xanax in Durban’s schools: Toward a framework for connecting drugs and education Nomusa Mngoma (mngoma@queensu.ca) Queen\u27s University “Cool,” “normal” and “progress” in the lives of LGBTQ people in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Iain Edwards I am Angel: rediscovering working class homosexuality in South Africa Meeting ID: 964 7785 210

Culture, Health & Sexuality, Apr 6, 2022

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2022

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1999

Physiotherapy Canada, 2008

Purpose: The current study investigated the pain profiles of patients with subacute non-specific ... more Purpose: The current study investigated the pain profiles of patients with subacute non-specific low back pain attending an outpatient return-to-work rehabilitation programme. Differences in symptoms of distress (depression and anxiety) and return to work between the pain-profile groups were assessed. Methods: Sixty-five volunteers who met the eligibility criteria and had complete follow-up data were included in the analysis. The mean age was 38.8 years (minimum 18, maximum 64); 38 (58.5%) were men. The median time since onset of low back pain was 30 days. Cluster analysis was used to categorize patients into groups according to pain severity scores (VAS). Results: Two distinct clusters—severe pain and moderate pain—emerged. There were significant differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms between the pain profiles. Further, return-to-work rates varied significantly between the two groups (31% in the severe pain cluster compared to 90% in the moderate pain cluster). Conclusion: ...

South African Medical Journal, Dec 1, 2016

International Review of Psychiatry

InTech eBooks, Oct 26, 2011

The Cochrane library, Dec 7, 2011

Physiotherapy Canada, Jul 1, 2008

The Cochrane library, May 29, 2015

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, May 1, 1999

South African Medical Journal, Dec 1, 2016

International Review of Psychiatry, Jun 12, 2020

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Jul 28, 2022

Oxford University Press eBooks, Aug 1, 2022

Culture, Health & Sexuality, Apr 6, 2022

Oxford Textbook of Social Psychiatry

Culture, Health & Sexuality, Apr 6, 2022

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2022

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1999

Physiotherapy Canada, 2008

Purpose: The current study investigated the pain profiles of patients with subacute non-specific ... more Purpose: The current study investigated the pain profiles of patients with subacute non-specific low back pain attending an outpatient return-to-work rehabilitation programme. Differences in symptoms of distress (depression and anxiety) and return to work between the pain-profile groups were assessed. Methods: Sixty-five volunteers who met the eligibility criteria and had complete follow-up data were included in the analysis. The mean age was 38.8 years (minimum 18, maximum 64); 38 (58.5%) were men. The median time since onset of low back pain was 30 days. Cluster analysis was used to categorize patients into groups according to pain severity scores (VAS). Results: Two distinct clusters—severe pain and moderate pain—emerged. There were significant differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms between the pain profiles. Further, return-to-work rates varied significantly between the two groups (31% in the severe pain cluster compared to 90% in the moderate pain cluster). Conclusion: ...

South African Medical Journal, Dec 1, 2016

International Review of Psychiatry