Norman Means - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Norman Means

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of LPS on Cytokine Synthesis and Lung Neutrophil Influx after Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Rat

Journal of Surgical Research, 1997

of the injury . Death may be rapid due to severe Objective: To determine if cytokine responses an... more of the injury . Death may be rapid due to severe Objective: To determine if cytokine responses and uncontrollable hemorrhage or delayed as a conselung injury induced by intravenous (iv) lipopolysacquence of SIRS and MOD. The Pringle maneuver (occharide (LPS) at 4 hr were enhanced in rats that had clusion of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and common been previously subjected to 30 min of total liver ischbile duct) is frequently used to control hemorrhage and emia (Pringle's maneuver) followed by 24 hr or 3 days facilitate surgical repair of the injured liver [2]. This of reperfusion. Background: Many patients with liver procedure, however, causes total hepatic ischemia that trauma require occlusion of hepatic blood flow to conmay induce significant hepatocellular damage and with trol hemorrhage and facilitate repair. A significant reperfusion the systemic release of proinflammatory number of these patients subsequently develop the cytokines and pulmonary neutrophil infiltration with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and histopathological evidence of pulmonary injury [4]. multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) characterized by The liver has the largest fixed macrophage (Kupffer the release of cytokines and tissue neutrophil influx.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute Epstein‐Barr Virus Infection Complicated by Severe Thrombocytopenia

Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1997

We describe one patient with acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection associated with severe thro... more We describe one patient with acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection associated with severe thrombocytopenia and review 36 additional cases reported in the literature. Complications of EBV infection due to severe thrombocytopenia occurred in 10 (27.0%) of 37 patients, and 2 (5.4%) of 37 patients died. Although acute EBV infections are generally benign and self-limiting, thrombocytopenia, a potentially serious complication, should not be overlooked.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of an automated culture system for detecting bacterial contamination of platelets: an analysis with 15 contaminating organisms

Transfusion, May 1, 2001

Approximately 1 in 2000 platelet components are bacterially contaminated. The time to detection o... more Approximately 1 in 2000 platelet components are bacterially contaminated. The time to detection of 15 seeded organisms in platelets recovered from an automated culture system was studied. Isolates of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Clostridium perfringens, Corynebacterium species, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus viridans were inoculated into Day 2 apheresis platelet components to obtain a final concentration of approximately 10 and 100 CFU per mL (2 units/organism). Each bag was sampled 10 times (20 mL/sample). Four mL of each sample was inoculated into standard aerobic and anaerobic bottles and into aerobic and anaerobic bottles containing charcoal; 2 mL was inoculated into pediatric aerobic bottles (so as to maintain a 1:10 ratio of sample to media) and 1 mL into thioglycollate broth. With the exception of P. acnes, all organisms were detected in a mean of 9.2 to 25.6 hours. A range of 10 serial dilutions in inoculating concentrations was associated with an overall 10.1-percent difference in detection time. A mean of 74.4 and 86.2 hours (100 and 10 CFU/mL inocula, respectively) was required for the detection of P. acnes in anaerobic bottles. Bacteria thought to be clinically significant platelet contaminants can be detected in 9.2 to 25.6 hours when the starting concentration is approximately 10 to 100 CFU per mL. P. acnes required considerably longer incubation times for detection (in either aerobic or anaerobic bottles). However, P. acnes is of questionable clinical significance. Such a detection system could be used in either a blood collection center or a transfusion service to screen platelet concentrates for bacterial contamination. Such testing (with sterile sampling performed so as to maintain a closed-bag system) would be expected to save lives and might allow an extension of platelet storage.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of LPS on Cytokine Synthesis and Lung Neutrophil Influx after Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Rat

Journal of Surgical Research, 1997

of the injury . Death may be rapid due to severe Objective: To determine if cytokine responses an... more of the injury . Death may be rapid due to severe Objective: To determine if cytokine responses and uncontrollable hemorrhage or delayed as a conselung injury induced by intravenous (iv) lipopolysacquence of SIRS and MOD. The Pringle maneuver (occharide (LPS) at 4 hr were enhanced in rats that had clusion of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and common been previously subjected to 30 min of total liver ischbile duct) is frequently used to control hemorrhage and emia (Pringle's maneuver) followed by 24 hr or 3 days facilitate surgical repair of the injured liver [2]. This of reperfusion. Background: Many patients with liver procedure, however, causes total hepatic ischemia that trauma require occlusion of hepatic blood flow to conmay induce significant hepatocellular damage and with trol hemorrhage and facilitate repair. A significant reperfusion the systemic release of proinflammatory number of these patients subsequently develop the cytokines and pulmonary neutrophil infiltration with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and histopathological evidence of pulmonary injury [4]. multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) characterized by The liver has the largest fixed macrophage (Kupffer the release of cytokines and tissue neutrophil influx.

Research paper thumbnail of Acute Epstein‐Barr Virus Infection Complicated by Severe Thrombocytopenia

Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1997

We describe one patient with acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection associated with severe thro... more We describe one patient with acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection associated with severe thrombocytopenia and review 36 additional cases reported in the literature. Complications of EBV infection due to severe thrombocytopenia occurred in 10 (27.0%) of 37 patients, and 2 (5.4%) of 37 patients died. Although acute EBV infections are generally benign and self-limiting, thrombocytopenia, a potentially serious complication, should not be overlooked.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of an automated culture system for detecting bacterial contamination of platelets: an analysis with 15 contaminating organisms

Transfusion, May 1, 2001

Approximately 1 in 2000 platelet components are bacterially contaminated. The time to detection o... more Approximately 1 in 2000 platelet components are bacterially contaminated. The time to detection of 15 seeded organisms in platelets recovered from an automated culture system was studied. Isolates of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Clostridium perfringens, Corynebacterium species, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus viridans were inoculated into Day 2 apheresis platelet components to obtain a final concentration of approximately 10 and 100 CFU per mL (2 units/organism). Each bag was sampled 10 times (20 mL/sample). Four mL of each sample was inoculated into standard aerobic and anaerobic bottles and into aerobic and anaerobic bottles containing charcoal; 2 mL was inoculated into pediatric aerobic bottles (so as to maintain a 1:10 ratio of sample to media) and 1 mL into thioglycollate broth. With the exception of P. acnes, all organisms were detected in a mean of 9.2 to 25.6 hours. A range of 10 serial dilutions in inoculating concentrations was associated with an overall 10.1-percent difference in detection time. A mean of 74.4 and 86.2 hours (100 and 10 CFU/mL inocula, respectively) was required for the detection of P. acnes in anaerobic bottles. Bacteria thought to be clinically significant platelet contaminants can be detected in 9.2 to 25.6 hours when the starting concentration is approximately 10 to 100 CFU per mL. P. acnes required considerably longer incubation times for detection (in either aerobic or anaerobic bottles). However, P. acnes is of questionable clinical significance. Such a detection system could be used in either a blood collection center or a transfusion service to screen platelet concentrates for bacterial contamination. Such testing (with sterile sampling performed so as to maintain a closed-bag system) would be expected to save lives and might allow an extension of platelet storage.