Inom Normatov - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Inom Normatov
The Central Asian countries are in particular affected by the climate change. The cultural and ec... more The Central Asian countries are in particular affected by the climate change. The cultural and economic centers in this mostly arid region rely completely on the water resources of the Pamir, Tien Shan and Alay mountain glaciers. But by 2030 the discharge generated by those glaciers will be 30% less than today while the water demand will be up to 30% higher than today. Already today the unsustainable land and water use causes a water deficit and the impairment of the water quality. In most parts of Central Asia an detailed analysis of the status quo as the basis for the development of an integrated resource management plan is impossible due to fragmented or missing monitoring data. The study presented here provides an detailed overview of the quantity and quality of the water resources of the transboundary Zarafshan River – one of the most important but until now hardly studied rivers in Central Asia. The Zarafshan is characterized by a highly dynamic discharge and is massively impa...
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013
ABSTRACT The Central Asian countries are particularly affected by the global climate change. The ... more ABSTRACT The Central Asian countries are particularly affected by the global climate change. The cultural and economic centers in this mostly arid region have to rely solely on the water resources provided by the rapidly melting glaciers in the Pamir, Tien-Shan and Alay mountains. By 2030, the available water resources will be 30 % lower than today while the water demand will increase by 30 %. The unsustainable land and water use leads to a water deficit and a deterioration of the water quality. Documenting the status quo of the water resources needs to be the first steps towards an integrated water resource management. The research presented here provides a detailed overview of the transboundary Zarafshan River, the lifeline for more than six million people. The findings are based on field measurements, existing data from the national hydrometeorological services and an extensive literature analysis and cover the status quo of the meteorological and hydrological characteristics of the Zarafshan as well as the most important water quality parameters (pH, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, arsenic, chromate, copper, zinc, fluoride, petroleum products, phenols and the aquatic invertebrate fauna). The discharge of the Zarafshan is characterized by a high natural discharge dynamic in the mountainous upper parts of the catchment and by sizeable anthropogenic water extractions in the lower parts of the catchment, where on average 60.6 % of the available water is diverted for irrigation purposes in the Samarkand and Navoi provinces. The water quality is heavily affected by the unsustainable land use and inadequate/missing water purification techniques. The reduced discharge and the return flow of untreated agricultural drainage water lead to a critical pollution of the river in the lower parts of the catchment. Additional sources of pollutants were identified in the Navoi special economic area and the mining industry in the Tajik part of the catchment. The impact of the global climate change and the socio-economic growth on the water availability and the water demand will aggravate the detected problems and might lead to severe local and transboundary upstream–downstream water conflicts within the next decades.
WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 2015
Many Central Asian river basins are transboundary and characterized by a combination of extensive... more Many Central Asian river basins are transboundary and characterized by a combination of extensive irrigation farming and an arid climate in the lower catchments. Both aspects-the transboundary character with different national water management plans and the overexploitation of the limited water resources lead to environmental, socioeconomic and political problems which require-in the light of growing economies and the climate change-immediate solutions. Based on extensive field work and database evaluation (meteorological, hydrological and statistical data) from the Zarafshan River (Tajikistan/Uzbekistan) and the Tarim River (Kyrgyzstan/China), the status quo of the water resources is assessed and scenarios for the impacts of climate change on the water availability and water use are outlined. The results show that the extensive withdrawal of water for irrigation farming (with cotton being the most important crop
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
Achievements and Challenges of Integrated River Basin Management
The results of monitoring of meteorological, hydrological parameters and hydrochemistry of the ma... more The results of monitoring of meteorological, hydrological parameters and hydrochemistry of the main tributaries of the transboundary Amu Darya River, the Vakhsh, Zeravshan and Pyanj rivers are presented. The influence of climate change on the meteorological characteristics of river basins has been observed. The need for coordination of Central Asian countries in the implementation of integrated water resources management is suggested. It is pointed out that the lack of a developed network of hydrometeorological observation points and a low level of information exchange among the countries of the region often leads to the emergence of scientifically unjustified scenarios and forecasts of climatic and hydrological processes in the region. The creation of a single regional center for cryosphere and hydrometeorological observations for continuous monitoring of processes occurring with water objects in the region is proposed.
Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories, 2021
The current state and prospects of agricultural development in the Central Asian countries are co... more The current state and prospects of agricultural development in the Central Asian countries are considered. It is shown that demographic factors and food security are the main stimulating factors for the further development of agriculture. The acceleration of the melting of glaciers in Central Asia stimulates the search and development of progressive and water-saving irrigation technologies. The problem of the impact of large and medium-sized reservoirs on the microclimate and crop yields with the increasing development of the hydroelectric potential of the region becomes relevant. The chemical composition of irrigation water is a key factor in the preservation of soil structure and the development of crops, and the movement of chemical elements through the functioning of the water-soilplant chain can harm the health of the population.
Present the results of research on water electrolysis and plasma-chemical processing gascondensat... more Present the results of research on water electrolysis and plasma-chemical processing gascondensate-waste of gas industry to produce hydrogen. The electrolysis was subjected to the river water and after it electro-sedimentation. Found that due to the complex chemical composition of river water the surface of the electrodes during electrolysis is covered by conglomerates consisting of a set of chemical elements. The threshold voltage is shifted to a lower value compared with the use of electrodes made of stainless steel. At electrolysis of electrosedimented water by use of electrodes from stainless steel a significant number of hydrogen is formed. The principal possibility of the application of low temperature plasmas for the processing of condensates. The pyrolysis of gascondensate with a molecular weight of 140 (C 10 H 20) with an average boiling point of about 55 °C, it was observed that in case use of nitrogen as agents for turbulences of plasma stream, pyrolysis of a gascondensat...
Problems of food security and the preservation of<br> reserved zones in the region of Centr... more Problems of food security and the preservation of<br> reserved zones in the region of Central Asia under the conditions of<br> the climate change induced by the placement and construction of<br> large reservoirs are considered. The criteria for the optimum<br> placement and construction of reservoirs that entail the minimum<br> impact on the environment are established. The need for the<br> accounting of climatic parameters is shown by the calculation of the<br> water quantity required for the irrigation of agricultural lands.
Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition), 2021
The results of chemical and isotopic analyses of the Transboundary Zeravshan River waters, the Va... more The results of chemical and isotopic analyses of the Transboundary Zeravshan River waters, the Vakhsh River and its tributaries are presented. As an indicator of impact of the mining enterprise wastewater in the basin of the Zeravshan River on the quality of water, a differential method of changing the chemical composition of water before and after the tailings dams’ wastewater was applied. The lack of heavy metals excess levels (Zn, Cd, and Hg, As, Pb) above the maximum permissible concentration of the corresponding elements in the Zeravshan River are observed. Detected change (heavier) of the Zeravshan River and its tributaries isotopic composition (δ 2 Н, δ 18 O) from upstream to the downstream of the river is associated with the evaporation process. The individuality ensuring of the Vakhsh River each tributary can be achieved by the sampling in points until the confluence of the respective tributary with the main river or another tributary. The exchanges of groundwater and surfa...
Electronic Journal of Biology, 2017
Thermal and chemical flooding are good alternatives to recover heavy oil. Polymer flooding proced... more Thermal and chemical flooding are good alternatives to recover heavy oil. Polymer flooding procedure is one of the most important enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methodologies which improve the mobility ratio of water and oil. Adding polymer in water flooding method which involves the addition of soluble polymers in water before being injected into the reservoir, increases water viscosity even by adding a small amount of these materials. It, too, reduces the swept zone permeability and allows an increase in the vertical and areal sweep efficiency of the water injection. In this study, Polymers containing compounds of long chain such as polyacrylamide, polysaccharides, etc. leads to increase the oil movement ratio to water movement ratio. Another effect of this injection in to the reservoir is blocking the routes which have higher permeability by passing the time. As a result the water passes through these pathways are being blocked. Consequently new directions caused to increase recover...
Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories, 2021
The results of chemical analyses of the waters of the transboundary Pyanj river tributaries – Gun... more The results of chemical analyses of the waters of the transboundary Pyanj river tributaries – Gunt, Shakhdara, Bartang, Yazgulem and Vanch rivers are presented. The absence of stationary sources of pollution in the river basins and the dominance of rock weathering in the formation of hydrochemistry of the studied tributaries of the transboundary Pyanj River were established.
Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories, 2020
The research object. The hydrological characteristics of the Gunt and Vanch rivers belonging to t... more The research object. The hydrological characteristics of the Gunt and Vanch rivers belonging to the Southwestern and Central climatic zones of the Pamirs and are tributaries of the transboundary Pyanj River are considered. Long-term average values of temperature and precipitation as the main factors affecting the formation of river flows are determined for the period 1944–2016. The state of glaciation in the basins of the respective rivers is estimated. Goal. A comparative assessment of the influence of climatic features and mountain orography on the formation of river flows. Determination of the trend of changes in the climatic conditions of the Gunt and Vanch river basins at different periods of more than 70 years (1944–2016). Research methods. Generalization, systematization of meteorological and hydrological characteristics and determination of their change compared with the base period 1960–1990. Statistical processing of meteorological and hydrological data and establishing a ...
Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 2020
Results of monitoring accumulated snow cover in upstream areas of the Transboundary Pyanj River (... more Results of monitoring accumulated snow cover in upstream areas of the Transboundary Pyanj River (Central Asia) are presented. It is found that the formation of the snow cover and the spatial distribution of atmospheric precipitation in the Mountain Pamir is determined by the orography of the terrain. Orography influences air mass movement in mountain areas, which contributes in different climatic zones to a shift in periods when the maximum amount of snow is falling. Completely different scenarios for the development of meteorological variables in the western and eastern parts of the Gunt River Basin were found, due, firstly, to the influence of the mountainous area orography and, secondly, to the penetration of various air masses. It is observed that in the western part of the basin the average annual precipitation remained almost unchanged over the period 1944-2014, whereas there is a decreasing trend in the eastern part. Assessment of the climate change impact on the formation of the Gunt River water flow was made by comparing the trend in the change of discharge using data from two observation periods 1940-1970 and 1986-2016. Calculations show a decrease of the Gunt River discharge by 5 % over a period of more than 70 years. The influence of climate warming on the river flow is indicated by comparison of river hydrograph in two periods 1940-1970 and 1986-2016. The hydrograph of the Vanch River in the earlier-mentioned periods shows a shift in the maximum of the monthly discharge towards the left, indicating an earlier melting of snow and glaciers in the upstream regions of the river and a significant increase in discharge in the period 1986-2016.
Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, 2017
Journal of Chemical Engineering & Process Technology, 2018
Jo u rn a l o f Chemi c a l E n gi neering & P ro ce ss Te ch n o lo gy
The Central Asian countries are in particular affected by the climate change. The cultural and ec... more The Central Asian countries are in particular affected by the climate change. The cultural and economic centers in this mostly arid region rely completely on the water resources of the Pamir, Tien Shan and Alay mountain glaciers. But by 2030 the discharge generated by those glaciers will be 30% less than today while the water demand will be up to 30% higher than today. Already today the unsustainable land and water use causes a water deficit and the impairment of the water quality. In most parts of Central Asia an detailed analysis of the status quo as the basis for the development of an integrated resource management plan is impossible due to fragmented or missing monitoring data. The study presented here provides an detailed overview of the quantity and quality of the water resources of the transboundary Zarafshan River – one of the most important but until now hardly studied rivers in Central Asia. The Zarafshan is characterized by a highly dynamic discharge and is massively impa...
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013
ABSTRACT The Central Asian countries are particularly affected by the global climate change. The ... more ABSTRACT The Central Asian countries are particularly affected by the global climate change. The cultural and economic centers in this mostly arid region have to rely solely on the water resources provided by the rapidly melting glaciers in the Pamir, Tien-Shan and Alay mountains. By 2030, the available water resources will be 30 % lower than today while the water demand will increase by 30 %. The unsustainable land and water use leads to a water deficit and a deterioration of the water quality. Documenting the status quo of the water resources needs to be the first steps towards an integrated water resource management. The research presented here provides a detailed overview of the transboundary Zarafshan River, the lifeline for more than six million people. The findings are based on field measurements, existing data from the national hydrometeorological services and an extensive literature analysis and cover the status quo of the meteorological and hydrological characteristics of the Zarafshan as well as the most important water quality parameters (pH, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, arsenic, chromate, copper, zinc, fluoride, petroleum products, phenols and the aquatic invertebrate fauna). The discharge of the Zarafshan is characterized by a high natural discharge dynamic in the mountainous upper parts of the catchment and by sizeable anthropogenic water extractions in the lower parts of the catchment, where on average 60.6 % of the available water is diverted for irrigation purposes in the Samarkand and Navoi provinces. The water quality is heavily affected by the unsustainable land use and inadequate/missing water purification techniques. The reduced discharge and the return flow of untreated agricultural drainage water lead to a critical pollution of the river in the lower parts of the catchment. Additional sources of pollutants were identified in the Navoi special economic area and the mining industry in the Tajik part of the catchment. The impact of the global climate change and the socio-economic growth on the water availability and the water demand will aggravate the detected problems and might lead to severe local and transboundary upstream–downstream water conflicts within the next decades.
WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 2015
Many Central Asian river basins are transboundary and characterized by a combination of extensive... more Many Central Asian river basins are transboundary and characterized by a combination of extensive irrigation farming and an arid climate in the lower catchments. Both aspects-the transboundary character with different national water management plans and the overexploitation of the limited water resources lead to environmental, socioeconomic and political problems which require-in the light of growing economies and the climate change-immediate solutions. Based on extensive field work and database evaluation (meteorological, hydrological and statistical data) from the Zarafshan River (Tajikistan/Uzbekistan) and the Tarim River (Kyrgyzstan/China), the status quo of the water resources is assessed and scenarios for the impacts of climate change on the water availability and water use are outlined. The results show that the extensive withdrawal of water for irrigation farming (with cotton being the most important crop
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
Achievements and Challenges of Integrated River Basin Management
The results of monitoring of meteorological, hydrological parameters and hydrochemistry of the ma... more The results of monitoring of meteorological, hydrological parameters and hydrochemistry of the main tributaries of the transboundary Amu Darya River, the Vakhsh, Zeravshan and Pyanj rivers are presented. The influence of climate change on the meteorological characteristics of river basins has been observed. The need for coordination of Central Asian countries in the implementation of integrated water resources management is suggested. It is pointed out that the lack of a developed network of hydrometeorological observation points and a low level of information exchange among the countries of the region often leads to the emergence of scientifically unjustified scenarios and forecasts of climatic and hydrological processes in the region. The creation of a single regional center for cryosphere and hydrometeorological observations for continuous monitoring of processes occurring with water objects in the region is proposed.
Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories, 2021
The current state and prospects of agricultural development in the Central Asian countries are co... more The current state and prospects of agricultural development in the Central Asian countries are considered. It is shown that demographic factors and food security are the main stimulating factors for the further development of agriculture. The acceleration of the melting of glaciers in Central Asia stimulates the search and development of progressive and water-saving irrigation technologies. The problem of the impact of large and medium-sized reservoirs on the microclimate and crop yields with the increasing development of the hydroelectric potential of the region becomes relevant. The chemical composition of irrigation water is a key factor in the preservation of soil structure and the development of crops, and the movement of chemical elements through the functioning of the water-soilplant chain can harm the health of the population.
Present the results of research on water electrolysis and plasma-chemical processing gascondensat... more Present the results of research on water electrolysis and plasma-chemical processing gascondensate-waste of gas industry to produce hydrogen. The electrolysis was subjected to the river water and after it electro-sedimentation. Found that due to the complex chemical composition of river water the surface of the electrodes during electrolysis is covered by conglomerates consisting of a set of chemical elements. The threshold voltage is shifted to a lower value compared with the use of electrodes made of stainless steel. At electrolysis of electrosedimented water by use of electrodes from stainless steel a significant number of hydrogen is formed. The principal possibility of the application of low temperature plasmas for the processing of condensates. The pyrolysis of gascondensate with a molecular weight of 140 (C 10 H 20) with an average boiling point of about 55 °C, it was observed that in case use of nitrogen as agents for turbulences of plasma stream, pyrolysis of a gascondensat...
Problems of food security and the preservation of<br> reserved zones in the region of Centr... more Problems of food security and the preservation of<br> reserved zones in the region of Central Asia under the conditions of<br> the climate change induced by the placement and construction of<br> large reservoirs are considered. The criteria for the optimum<br> placement and construction of reservoirs that entail the minimum<br> impact on the environment are established. The need for the<br> accounting of climatic parameters is shown by the calculation of the<br> water quantity required for the irrigation of agricultural lands.
Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition), 2021
The results of chemical and isotopic analyses of the Transboundary Zeravshan River waters, the Va... more The results of chemical and isotopic analyses of the Transboundary Zeravshan River waters, the Vakhsh River and its tributaries are presented. As an indicator of impact of the mining enterprise wastewater in the basin of the Zeravshan River on the quality of water, a differential method of changing the chemical composition of water before and after the tailings dams’ wastewater was applied. The lack of heavy metals excess levels (Zn, Cd, and Hg, As, Pb) above the maximum permissible concentration of the corresponding elements in the Zeravshan River are observed. Detected change (heavier) of the Zeravshan River and its tributaries isotopic composition (δ 2 Н, δ 18 O) from upstream to the downstream of the river is associated with the evaporation process. The individuality ensuring of the Vakhsh River each tributary can be achieved by the sampling in points until the confluence of the respective tributary with the main river or another tributary. The exchanges of groundwater and surfa...
Electronic Journal of Biology, 2017
Thermal and chemical flooding are good alternatives to recover heavy oil. Polymer flooding proced... more Thermal and chemical flooding are good alternatives to recover heavy oil. Polymer flooding procedure is one of the most important enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methodologies which improve the mobility ratio of water and oil. Adding polymer in water flooding method which involves the addition of soluble polymers in water before being injected into the reservoir, increases water viscosity even by adding a small amount of these materials. It, too, reduces the swept zone permeability and allows an increase in the vertical and areal sweep efficiency of the water injection. In this study, Polymers containing compounds of long chain such as polyacrylamide, polysaccharides, etc. leads to increase the oil movement ratio to water movement ratio. Another effect of this injection in to the reservoir is blocking the routes which have higher permeability by passing the time. As a result the water passes through these pathways are being blocked. Consequently new directions caused to increase recover...
Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories, 2021
The results of chemical analyses of the waters of the transboundary Pyanj river tributaries – Gun... more The results of chemical analyses of the waters of the transboundary Pyanj river tributaries – Gunt, Shakhdara, Bartang, Yazgulem and Vanch rivers are presented. The absence of stationary sources of pollution in the river basins and the dominance of rock weathering in the formation of hydrochemistry of the studied tributaries of the transboundary Pyanj River were established.
Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories, 2020
The research object. The hydrological characteristics of the Gunt and Vanch rivers belonging to t... more The research object. The hydrological characteristics of the Gunt and Vanch rivers belonging to the Southwestern and Central climatic zones of the Pamirs and are tributaries of the transboundary Pyanj River are considered. Long-term average values of temperature and precipitation as the main factors affecting the formation of river flows are determined for the period 1944–2016. The state of glaciation in the basins of the respective rivers is estimated. Goal. A comparative assessment of the influence of climatic features and mountain orography on the formation of river flows. Determination of the trend of changes in the climatic conditions of the Gunt and Vanch river basins at different periods of more than 70 years (1944–2016). Research methods. Generalization, systematization of meteorological and hydrological characteristics and determination of their change compared with the base period 1960–1990. Statistical processing of meteorological and hydrological data and establishing a ...
Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 2020
Results of monitoring accumulated snow cover in upstream areas of the Transboundary Pyanj River (... more Results of monitoring accumulated snow cover in upstream areas of the Transboundary Pyanj River (Central Asia) are presented. It is found that the formation of the snow cover and the spatial distribution of atmospheric precipitation in the Mountain Pamir is determined by the orography of the terrain. Orography influences air mass movement in mountain areas, which contributes in different climatic zones to a shift in periods when the maximum amount of snow is falling. Completely different scenarios for the development of meteorological variables in the western and eastern parts of the Gunt River Basin were found, due, firstly, to the influence of the mountainous area orography and, secondly, to the penetration of various air masses. It is observed that in the western part of the basin the average annual precipitation remained almost unchanged over the period 1944-2014, whereas there is a decreasing trend in the eastern part. Assessment of the climate change impact on the formation of the Gunt River water flow was made by comparing the trend in the change of discharge using data from two observation periods 1940-1970 and 1986-2016. Calculations show a decrease of the Gunt River discharge by 5 % over a period of more than 70 years. The influence of climate warming on the river flow is indicated by comparison of river hydrograph in two periods 1940-1970 and 1986-2016. The hydrograph of the Vanch River in the earlier-mentioned periods shows a shift in the maximum of the monthly discharge towards the left, indicating an earlier melting of snow and glaciers in the upstream regions of the river and a significant increase in discharge in the period 1986-2016.
Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, 2017
Journal of Chemical Engineering & Process Technology, 2018
Jo u rn a l o f Chemi c a l E n gi neering & P ro ce ss Te ch n o lo gy