Nubia Munoz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Nubia Munoz
PDF - 102KB, Justification of offset in analysis and comparison of results among studies.
British Journal of Cancer, Aug 4, 2009
British Journal of Cancer, Jul 1, 2001
International Journal of Cancer, 2002
Between 1996 and 1999 we carried out a case‐control study in 3 areas in Southern India (Bangalore... more Between 1996 and 1999 we carried out a case‐control study in 3 areas in Southern India (Bangalore, Madras and Trivandrum) including 591 incident cases of cancer of the oral cavity (282 women) and 582 hospital controls (290 women), frequency‐matched with cases by age and gender. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from unconditional multiple logistic regressions and adjusted for age, gender, center, education, chewing habit and (men only) smoking and drinking habits. Low educational attainment, occupation as a farmer or manual worker and various indicators of poor oral hygiene were associated with significantly increased risk. An OR of 2.5 (95% CI 1.4–4.4) was found in men for smoking ≥ 20 bidi or equivalents versus 0/day. The OR for alcohol drinking was 2.2 (95% CI 1.4–3.3). The OR for paan chewing was more elevated among women (OR 42; 95% CI 24–76) than among men (OR 5.1; 95% CI 3.4–7.8). A similar OR was found among chewers of paan with (OR 6.1 in me...
European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2003
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2006
Journal of Virology, May 1, 1996
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Aug 4, 1999
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Aug 7, 1996
... Edited by: M. Saveria Campo Chapter 3 Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infections and Ass... more ... Edited by: M. Saveria Campo Chapter 3 Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infections and Associations With Cervical Cancer: New Opportunities for Prevention F. Xavier Bosch*, Silviade Sanjose, Xavier Castellsague, Victor Moreno and Nubia Munoz Abstract Historical ...
PubMed, Jul 1, 1994
The risk of cervical cancer for a woman depends largely on the probability of being infected with... more The risk of cervical cancer for a woman depends largely on the probability of being infected with some specific types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). In the control groups of four case-control studies in Colombia and Spain we have shown a strong correlation between the number of sexual partners of males and females and HPV DNA prevalence in the genital tract. Our results suggest that the lifetime number of sexual partners in both sexes are surrogates of the probability of HPV infection and, as such, insufficiently explain the geographical variation in the incidence of cervical cancer. It is proposed that the high rates of cervical cancer in Latin America are linked to the largely unknown characteristics of the HPV endemicity in the population and to the absence of widespread screening for cervical neoplasia. Reliable surveys on the HPV prevalences in selected social groups (i.e., young males and prostitutes) as well as in populations in countries at different risk of cervical cancer are required.
PubMed, Sep 1, 1995
A hospital-based case-control study, including 131 cases of esophageal cancer and 381 controls, w... more A hospital-based case-control study, including 131 cases of esophageal cancer and 381 controls, was carried out in Paraguay to investigate the role of hot and cold mate drinking in esophageal cancer risk. Detailed information on mate drinking and on tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary habits was obtained by interview. Amount and duration of cold or hot mate drinking were not associated with esophageal cancer risk. However, temperature at which mate was drunk was significantly associated with risk. As compared to drinkers of warm or hot mate, drinkers of very hot mate had an increased risk for esophageal cancer even after adjusting for the strong effects of alcohol and tobacco consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 2.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-4.3). This effect seemed to be mainly due to the temperature at which mate cocido (one of the two ways in which hot mate is prepared) was drunk (odds ratio = 6.5; 95% confidence interval = 3.2-12.2). As expected, very strong dose-response associations were found for alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. After correcting for these and the consumption of other food groups, diets rich in fats and red meats, especially beef, were associated with esophageal cancer risk. In conclusion, the findings from this study suggest that cold mate drinking does not increase the risk of esophageal cancer. This study identifies the very hot temperature at which mate is drunk, and not the amount or the duration, as an important risk factor for esophageal cancer in this population. Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking remain, nevertheless, the main risk factors for esophageal cancer in Paraguay.
Vaccine, Aug 1, 2008
Cervical cancer control in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has been, and remains, a ... more Cervical cancer control in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has been, and remains, a priority and a major public health challenge. It also provides the opportunity for the advancement of research into novel cervical cancer preventative tools including the use of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, HPV-based screening options and low technology visual inspection methods. The challenges for
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, May 1, 2001
Abstract Certain genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the necessary cause of cervical canc... more Abstract Certain genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the necessary cause of cervical cancer, and the etiological cause of a fraction of anogenital and head and neck carcinomas. Nowadays, 13 HPV types have been classified definitely or probably as carcinogenic and 12 types as possibly carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) being HPV16 the most carcinogenic genotype. The carcinogenic classification of HPVs is based on extensive molecular epidemiologic studies and biological evidence conducted during the last decades and due to the strong collaboration between laboratory scientists and epidemiologists who aimed to discover the etiological cause of cervical cancer. HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58 are the most frequent carcinogenic HPVs and are responsible for about 90% cervical cancer. Since 2006, three efficacious prophylactic vaccines have been licensed and are being used in most countries. The demonstration of HPV as a necessary cause of cervical cancer has been also translated into the refinement of screening strategies using HPV testing to detect precancerous lesions. Public health strategies based on HPV vaccination and HPV assays for primary screening have been proposed for the elimination of cervical cancer.
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Although Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has been acknowledged to play an etiological role in ... more Although Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has been acknowledged to play an etiological role in gastric carcinogenesis, its relatively weak association particularly in developing countries suggests critical roles of cofactors. Among a population with an extremely high prevalence of HP infection (≈95%) in Venezuela, we examined the relationship of household characteristics, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary consumption, and plasma nutrient levels with the prevalence of three different stages of gastric precancerous lesions, chronic atrophic gastritis (AG; n = 337), intestinal metaplasia (IM; n = 551), and dysplasia (n = 157), in comparison with those without any of these lesions (n = 1154). Length of refrigerator use was marginally inversely associated with the prevalence of the precursor lesions studied. The association was most pronounced for AG followed by dysplasia. On the other hand, smoking status was a significant predictor for IM and dysplasia. Those smoking ≥10 cigarettes/...
PDF - 102KB, Justification of offset in analysis and comparison of results among studies.
British Journal of Cancer, Aug 4, 2009
British Journal of Cancer, Jul 1, 2001
International Journal of Cancer, 2002
Between 1996 and 1999 we carried out a case‐control study in 3 areas in Southern India (Bangalore... more Between 1996 and 1999 we carried out a case‐control study in 3 areas in Southern India (Bangalore, Madras and Trivandrum) including 591 incident cases of cancer of the oral cavity (282 women) and 582 hospital controls (290 women), frequency‐matched with cases by age and gender. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from unconditional multiple logistic regressions and adjusted for age, gender, center, education, chewing habit and (men only) smoking and drinking habits. Low educational attainment, occupation as a farmer or manual worker and various indicators of poor oral hygiene were associated with significantly increased risk. An OR of 2.5 (95% CI 1.4–4.4) was found in men for smoking ≥ 20 bidi or equivalents versus 0/day. The OR for alcohol drinking was 2.2 (95% CI 1.4–3.3). The OR for paan chewing was more elevated among women (OR 42; 95% CI 24–76) than among men (OR 5.1; 95% CI 3.4–7.8). A similar OR was found among chewers of paan with (OR 6.1 in me...
European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2003
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2006
Journal of Virology, May 1, 1996
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Aug 4, 1999
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Aug 7, 1996
... Edited by: M. Saveria Campo Chapter 3 Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infections and Ass... more ... Edited by: M. Saveria Campo Chapter 3 Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infections and Associations With Cervical Cancer: New Opportunities for Prevention F. Xavier Bosch*, Silviade Sanjose, Xavier Castellsague, Victor Moreno and Nubia Munoz Abstract Historical ...
PubMed, Jul 1, 1994
The risk of cervical cancer for a woman depends largely on the probability of being infected with... more The risk of cervical cancer for a woman depends largely on the probability of being infected with some specific types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). In the control groups of four case-control studies in Colombia and Spain we have shown a strong correlation between the number of sexual partners of males and females and HPV DNA prevalence in the genital tract. Our results suggest that the lifetime number of sexual partners in both sexes are surrogates of the probability of HPV infection and, as such, insufficiently explain the geographical variation in the incidence of cervical cancer. It is proposed that the high rates of cervical cancer in Latin America are linked to the largely unknown characteristics of the HPV endemicity in the population and to the absence of widespread screening for cervical neoplasia. Reliable surveys on the HPV prevalences in selected social groups (i.e., young males and prostitutes) as well as in populations in countries at different risk of cervical cancer are required.
PubMed, Sep 1, 1995
A hospital-based case-control study, including 131 cases of esophageal cancer and 381 controls, w... more A hospital-based case-control study, including 131 cases of esophageal cancer and 381 controls, was carried out in Paraguay to investigate the role of hot and cold mate drinking in esophageal cancer risk. Detailed information on mate drinking and on tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary habits was obtained by interview. Amount and duration of cold or hot mate drinking were not associated with esophageal cancer risk. However, temperature at which mate was drunk was significantly associated with risk. As compared to drinkers of warm or hot mate, drinkers of very hot mate had an increased risk for esophageal cancer even after adjusting for the strong effects of alcohol and tobacco consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 2.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-4.3). This effect seemed to be mainly due to the temperature at which mate cocido (one of the two ways in which hot mate is prepared) was drunk (odds ratio = 6.5; 95% confidence interval = 3.2-12.2). As expected, very strong dose-response associations were found for alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. After correcting for these and the consumption of other food groups, diets rich in fats and red meats, especially beef, were associated with esophageal cancer risk. In conclusion, the findings from this study suggest that cold mate drinking does not increase the risk of esophageal cancer. This study identifies the very hot temperature at which mate is drunk, and not the amount or the duration, as an important risk factor for esophageal cancer in this population. Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking remain, nevertheless, the main risk factors for esophageal cancer in Paraguay.
Vaccine, Aug 1, 2008
Cervical cancer control in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has been, and remains, a ... more Cervical cancer control in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has been, and remains, a priority and a major public health challenge. It also provides the opportunity for the advancement of research into novel cervical cancer preventative tools including the use of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, HPV-based screening options and low technology visual inspection methods. The challenges for
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, May 1, 2001
Abstract Certain genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the necessary cause of cervical canc... more Abstract Certain genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the necessary cause of cervical cancer, and the etiological cause of a fraction of anogenital and head and neck carcinomas. Nowadays, 13 HPV types have been classified definitely or probably as carcinogenic and 12 types as possibly carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) being HPV16 the most carcinogenic genotype. The carcinogenic classification of HPVs is based on extensive molecular epidemiologic studies and biological evidence conducted during the last decades and due to the strong collaboration between laboratory scientists and epidemiologists who aimed to discover the etiological cause of cervical cancer. HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58 are the most frequent carcinogenic HPVs and are responsible for about 90% cervical cancer. Since 2006, three efficacious prophylactic vaccines have been licensed and are being used in most countries. The demonstration of HPV as a necessary cause of cervical cancer has been also translated into the refinement of screening strategies using HPV testing to detect precancerous lesions. Public health strategies based on HPV vaccination and HPV assays for primary screening have been proposed for the elimination of cervical cancer.
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Although Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has been acknowledged to play an etiological role in ... more Although Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has been acknowledged to play an etiological role in gastric carcinogenesis, its relatively weak association particularly in developing countries suggests critical roles of cofactors. Among a population with an extremely high prevalence of HP infection (≈95%) in Venezuela, we examined the relationship of household characteristics, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary consumption, and plasma nutrient levels with the prevalence of three different stages of gastric precancerous lesions, chronic atrophic gastritis (AG; n = 337), intestinal metaplasia (IM; n = 551), and dysplasia (n = 157), in comparison with those without any of these lesions (n = 1154). Length of refrigerator use was marginally inversely associated with the prevalence of the precursor lesions studied. The association was most pronounced for AG followed by dysplasia. On the other hand, smoking status was a significant predictor for IM and dysplasia. Those smoking ≥10 cigarettes/...