Nurettin Heybeli - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Nurettin Heybeli
As osteomas of the bones including the jaws may be the initial symptom or clinical finding in the... more As osteomas of the bones including the jaws may be the initial symptom or clinical finding in the Gardner’s syndrome, this entity should always be included in the differential diagnosis. A 20-year-old boy was referred to our clinic from another medical center. Extra-oral examination of the patient revealed an obvious asymmetry and disfigurement of the left mandibular corpus, angle and ramus. A panoramic radiograph revealed two huge osteomas at the angle, ramus and two smaller osteomas at the inferior border of the mandible. At the same time, there were an impacted canine and premolar. Diffuse sclerosis of the whole mandible was also seen. Upon the suspicion of Gardner’s syndrome, barium passage radiographs of the intestine were requested and multiple polyps were observed. All of these findings led us to the diagnosis of Gardner’s syndrome. The oral and maxillofacial surgeon and the dentist needs to be aware of the components of this entity because manifestations in the head and neck...
Қазақстанның клиникалық медицинасы, Feb 25, 2022
Aim: to investigate the method of antibiotic impregnation of the femoral bone head (prepared acco... more Aim: to investigate the method of antibiotic impregnation of the femoral bone head (prepared according to the Marburg bone bank system) using a patented device designed for uniform channeling followed by deep soaking of the bone graft spongy tissue with drug solutions. Materials and methods: Femoral bone heads prepared according to the Marburg bone bank system and impregnated with gentamicin were used in the experiment. Four groups were formed depending on the impregnation method. A whole femoral head was used in groups I and II, a perforated femoral head-in groups III and IV. In groups I and III, antibiotic impregnation was carried out simultaneously with heat treatment of the femoral heads, in groups II and IV-after heat treatment. The perforated, treated, gentamicin-soaked femoral bone head was compared to the "PerOssal" beads soaked in gentamicin. The degree of influence on the S. aureus strains was determined using the agar diffusion method. Results and conclusion: The results indicate the presence of antimicrobial activity in the antibiotic-impregnated allograft in all groups. However, the growth inhibition zone was lower in groups I and III. The antimicrobial activity of gentamicin in the I and III was lower than in the groups II and IV. An increase in the diffusion of the antibiotic is facilitated by the perforation of the bone allograft according to the developed method using a patented device. It has been established that perforation and soaking of the bone allograft in an antibiotic solution increases the antibiotic impregnation of the bone graft.
Journal of minimally invasive orthopedics, 2014
Degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and is a major cause of mor... more Degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and is a major cause of morbidity and disability. OA presentation is less commonly in the ankle than in other lower limb joints. Although nonsurgical methods had been shown to be effective in some studies, surgery have to be considered where non-surgical treatment has failed to control the patient's symptoms. The aetiology, incidence, presentation and treatment options of ankle osteoarthritis was discussed in this review article.
... Liposuction) Nedir? , Dr.Çağhan BAYTEKİN; Estetik Cerrahide Gerçekler Ve Vaatler , Prof.Dr.Eg... more ... Liposuction) Nedir? , Dr.Çağhan BAYTEKİN; Estetik Cerrahide Gerçekler Ve Vaatler , Prof.Dr.Ege ÖZGENTAŞ; Lazer Epilasyon , Doç.Dr.Hayati AKBAŞ; Deri Kanserleri İle İlgili En Sık Sorulan Sorular , Doç.Dr.Hayati AKBAŞ; Yüz ...
Springer eBooks, 2016
Tendons and ligaments are complex structures and have different anatomical and dynamic properties... more Tendons and ligaments are complex structures and have different anatomical and dynamic properties. Injury of tendons and ligaments remodel with scar formation with differences in themselves. Although scarring depends on the quality and quantity of the injured tissues, it can be qualified with appropriate rehabilitation. In normal conditions, scar formation prevents returning of normal tendon function because of its structural and biological limitations. It has been shown that reconstruction of injured tendons and ligaments with allografts and autografts in different clinical and experimental studies. Despite of these developments, healing process of both biological and biomechanics of the tendons and ligaments is still have to be investigated.
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dergisi, Sep 1, 2019
Halluks valgus nedeniyle modifiye Chevron osteotomisi uyguladığımız olgularımızın orta ve uzun dö... more Halluks valgus nedeniyle modifiye Chevron osteotomisi uyguladığımız olgularımızın orta ve uzun dönem sonuçlarını değerlendirdik. Gereç ve Yöntem Takip süreleri 24 aydan uzun-60 aydan kısa olan 37 olgu (%57.8) orta dönem takip olguları (Grup 1) ve takip süresi 60 aydan uzun olanlar 27 olgu (%42.2) (Grup 2) uzun dönem takip olguları olarak belirlendi. Tüm olguların yaş, cinsiyet, taraf ve takip süreleri kaydedildi. Cerrahi öncesi ve son kontrollerinde halluks valgus açısı ve intermetatarsal açıları ölçüldü. Klinik sonuçlar Amerikan Ortopedik Ayak-Ayak Bileği Derneği Skorları (AOFAS) ile değerlendirildi.
In this study we aimed to identify infection rates in arhroplasty patients which were operated bi... more In this study we aimed to identify infection rates in arhroplasty patients which were operated bilaterally with single anesthesia and to discuss the reasons of infections in these patients. We evaluated 163 knees of 82 patients (Follow up: 12 to 60 months). Mean age was 66.8. Right knees were operated first followed by left knees. 16 of the patients had diabetes mellitus, 4 of them had rheumatoid arthritis, and 1 of them had systemic lupus erithmatosus. All patients were evaluated according to operation time, wound healing, laboratory findings, clinical presentation and X rays. We had 7 infections (6 deep, 1 superficial infection). When we evaluate operation times, no statistically significant difference was obtained between the infected knees and non infected knees (p=0,275). Two of the infected knees had urinary track infection and dental abscess after the opertaion. Five of seven infected knees were left sided. Six of the infected knees were treated with debridement irrigation an...
2001 Conference Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Trakya Univ Tip Fak …, 2009
Artroplasti Artroskopik Cerrahi (Yeni Adı: Eklem Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi), 2002
Bu deneysel çalışma düşük doz radyasyonun kırık iyileşmesini ve mineralleşmesini arttırabilme hip... more Bu deneysel çalışma düşük doz radyasyonun kırık iyileşmesini ve mineralleşmesini arttırabilme hipotezini araştırmıştır. Kırk Sprague-Dawley genç erkek rat standart açık yöntemle transvers femur kırığı ve K-teli ile intramedüller çivileme uygulandıktan sonra RT (1 Gy radyoterapi) ve C (kontrol, sham radyoterapi) gruplarına ayrıldı. Kırık sonrası üçüncü ve altıncı haftalarda yüksek çözünürlüklü kemik mineral yoğunluğu (KMY), kemik sintigrafisi ve mammografi cihazı ile radyolojik incelemeler sonrası histopatoloji için sakrifikasyon uygulandı. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar, sadece altıncı haftada görüldü; KMY indeksinde ışınlanan alanlarda kontrole göre yükseklik (p=0.006) ve ışınlanmış kemiğin kırık olmayan bölgesinde KMY düşüklüğü (p=0.005) saptandı. Diğer parametrelerde anlamlı fark yoktu. Sonuçlar, düşük doz radyasyonun sadece ışınlanmış komşu kemik ile karşılaştırıldığında kırık bölgesinde mineralizasyon artışına neden olabildiğini göstermiştir. Bu durum klinik uygulamalara temel oluşturabilecek yönde değildir. Ancak heterotopik ossifikasyon profilaksisi gibi ilgili uygulamalar dikkate alınınca konunun moleküler açıdan, 1-5 Gy aralığında incelenmesinde yarar görülmektedir.
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Jan 13, 2021
Sports injuries are increasing today due to the increased interest in sports. The most common inj... more Sports injuries are increasing today due to the increased interest in sports. The most common injured knee ligament is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in sport injuries. Accordingly, surgical treatment of the ACL is performed frequently. In this study, it was aimed to retrospectively evaluate whether the location of an endobutton on lateral knee radiography was effective on knee functional scores in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction. One hundred thirty patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between January 2015 and February 2019 were identified. The patients were divided into three groups according to the location of the endobutton on lateral radiographs taken in the postoperative period. Group 1 patients were classified as anterior, group 2 as middle, and group 3 as posterior according to the location of the endobutton. Functional scoring, physical examination tests, comparative thigh diameter measurements, and single-leg hop tests were compared between the groups. It was evaluated as to whether there was a statistically significant difference between the groups. There were 38 patients in group 1, 63 patients in group 2, and 29 patients in group 3. The mean age was 29.1 in group 1, 29.1 in group 2, and 29.7 in group 3. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 18.4 months in group 1, 19.1 months in group 2, and 21.4 months in group 3. The average Lysholm score was 92.9 in group 1, 93.3 in group 2, and 91.7 in group 3. The mean modified Cincinnati scores were 27.0, 27.1, and 26.6, respectively, in the groups. The mean IKDC score of the subjective knee assessments was 92.5, 92.8, and 91, respectively, according to the groups. The average thigh atrophy value was 1 cm, 1 cm, and 1.2 cm, respectively, in the groups. In the single-leg hop test, 34 patients in group 1 jump to over 85% of the distance compared with the intact side, while 58 patients in group 2, and 23 patients in group 3 were successfully able to jump this distance. The effect of the placement of the endobutton in the anterior, middle or posterior was not statistically significant on functional scores and physical examination results. In patients with endobuttons in the middle, functional scores were found better than in those with anterior or posterior placement. No statistically significant differences were found in clinical functional results when comparing patients’ endobutton location on femur. For this reason, surgical time should not be extended using unnecessary extra effort to change the orientation of the exit hole during surgery.
Trakya Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Dergisi, 2008
Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 2001
... grubunda lomber radyolojik anomalilerin skl¤ konusunda daha ileri karfllafltrmal çalfl... more ... grubunda lomber radyolojik anomalilerin skl¤ konusunda daha ileri karfllafltrmal çalflmalara önemli bilgiler sa¤lamfltr. Anahtar sözcükler: Bel a¤rs/etyoloji/radyografi/epidemiyo-loji; lumbar vertebra/radyografi; lumbosakral bölge; spina bifi-da occulta/tan; spinal hastal ...
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Special Topics, 2009
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Special Topics, 2009
Clin Orthop Related Res, 2009
Musculoskeletal Research and Basic Science, 2016
Tendons and ligaments are complex structures and have different anatomical and dynamic properties... more Tendons and ligaments are complex structures and have different anatomical and dynamic properties. Injury of tendons and ligaments remodel with scar formation with differences in themselves. Although scarring depends on the quality and quantity of the injured tissues, it can be qualified with appropriate rehabilitation. In normal conditions, scar formation prevents returning of normal tendon function because of its structural and biological limitations. It has been shown that reconstruction of injured tendons and ligaments with allografts and autografts in different clinical and experimental studies. Despite of these developments, healing process of both biological and biomechanics of the tendons and ligaments is still have to be investigated.
Sports Injuries, 2011
Osteochondral lesions of the talar dome are frequent problems in athletes causing pain and disabi... more Osteochondral lesions of the talar dome are frequent problems in athletes causing pain and disability. Lateral lesions are almost always associated with an ankle sprain, which is a common sports injury where medial lesions are rarely associated with trauma. Radiographic classification is more appropriate for acute lesions while chronic lesions should be classified according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is the most valuable diagnostic method. Arthroscopic excision of displaced fragments with a maximum diameter of 10–15 mm is the treatment of choice in acute lesions. Fixation of larger fragments is recommended for acute cases. Observation can be selected as a treatment method only for chronic lesions without pain; however, this is controversial for athletes. Degenerative changes are rare but possible. If the cartilage is intact, arthroscopy-assisted retrograde drilling under fluoroscopic guidance is performed. If there is a defect in the cartilage, the lesion is curetted arthroscopically. Special flexible and open curets should be available for arthroscopic curettage. Drilling or microfracture methods must be employed to make sure the floor of the lesion is bleeding. If the cavity produced by curettage is deep, grafting of the lesion might be considered. If the diameter of the defect is larger than 10–15 mm, advanced procedures such as osteochondral grafting or autologous chondrocyte transfers may be required. Early arthroscopy of the ankle is worthwhile for athletes after an ankle injury.
As osteomas of the bones including the jaws may be the initial symptom or clinical finding in the... more As osteomas of the bones including the jaws may be the initial symptom or clinical finding in the Gardner’s syndrome, this entity should always be included in the differential diagnosis. A 20-year-old boy was referred to our clinic from another medical center. Extra-oral examination of the patient revealed an obvious asymmetry and disfigurement of the left mandibular corpus, angle and ramus. A panoramic radiograph revealed two huge osteomas at the angle, ramus and two smaller osteomas at the inferior border of the mandible. At the same time, there were an impacted canine and premolar. Diffuse sclerosis of the whole mandible was also seen. Upon the suspicion of Gardner’s syndrome, barium passage radiographs of the intestine were requested and multiple polyps were observed. All of these findings led us to the diagnosis of Gardner’s syndrome. The oral and maxillofacial surgeon and the dentist needs to be aware of the components of this entity because manifestations in the head and neck...
Қазақстанның клиникалық медицинасы, Feb 25, 2022
Aim: to investigate the method of antibiotic impregnation of the femoral bone head (prepared acco... more Aim: to investigate the method of antibiotic impregnation of the femoral bone head (prepared according to the Marburg bone bank system) using a patented device designed for uniform channeling followed by deep soaking of the bone graft spongy tissue with drug solutions. Materials and methods: Femoral bone heads prepared according to the Marburg bone bank system and impregnated with gentamicin were used in the experiment. Four groups were formed depending on the impregnation method. A whole femoral head was used in groups I and II, a perforated femoral head-in groups III and IV. In groups I and III, antibiotic impregnation was carried out simultaneously with heat treatment of the femoral heads, in groups II and IV-after heat treatment. The perforated, treated, gentamicin-soaked femoral bone head was compared to the "PerOssal" beads soaked in gentamicin. The degree of influence on the S. aureus strains was determined using the agar diffusion method. Results and conclusion: The results indicate the presence of antimicrobial activity in the antibiotic-impregnated allograft in all groups. However, the growth inhibition zone was lower in groups I and III. The antimicrobial activity of gentamicin in the I and III was lower than in the groups II and IV. An increase in the diffusion of the antibiotic is facilitated by the perforation of the bone allograft according to the developed method using a patented device. It has been established that perforation and soaking of the bone allograft in an antibiotic solution increases the antibiotic impregnation of the bone graft.
Journal of minimally invasive orthopedics, 2014
Degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and is a major cause of mor... more Degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and is a major cause of morbidity and disability. OA presentation is less commonly in the ankle than in other lower limb joints. Although nonsurgical methods had been shown to be effective in some studies, surgery have to be considered where non-surgical treatment has failed to control the patient's symptoms. The aetiology, incidence, presentation and treatment options of ankle osteoarthritis was discussed in this review article.
... Liposuction) Nedir? , Dr.Çağhan BAYTEKİN; Estetik Cerrahide Gerçekler Ve Vaatler , Prof.Dr.Eg... more ... Liposuction) Nedir? , Dr.Çağhan BAYTEKİN; Estetik Cerrahide Gerçekler Ve Vaatler , Prof.Dr.Ege ÖZGENTAŞ; Lazer Epilasyon , Doç.Dr.Hayati AKBAŞ; Deri Kanserleri İle İlgili En Sık Sorulan Sorular , Doç.Dr.Hayati AKBAŞ; Yüz ...
Springer eBooks, 2016
Tendons and ligaments are complex structures and have different anatomical and dynamic properties... more Tendons and ligaments are complex structures and have different anatomical and dynamic properties. Injury of tendons and ligaments remodel with scar formation with differences in themselves. Although scarring depends on the quality and quantity of the injured tissues, it can be qualified with appropriate rehabilitation. In normal conditions, scar formation prevents returning of normal tendon function because of its structural and biological limitations. It has been shown that reconstruction of injured tendons and ligaments with allografts and autografts in different clinical and experimental studies. Despite of these developments, healing process of both biological and biomechanics of the tendons and ligaments is still have to be investigated.
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dergisi, Sep 1, 2019
Halluks valgus nedeniyle modifiye Chevron osteotomisi uyguladığımız olgularımızın orta ve uzun dö... more Halluks valgus nedeniyle modifiye Chevron osteotomisi uyguladığımız olgularımızın orta ve uzun dönem sonuçlarını değerlendirdik. Gereç ve Yöntem Takip süreleri 24 aydan uzun-60 aydan kısa olan 37 olgu (%57.8) orta dönem takip olguları (Grup 1) ve takip süresi 60 aydan uzun olanlar 27 olgu (%42.2) (Grup 2) uzun dönem takip olguları olarak belirlendi. Tüm olguların yaş, cinsiyet, taraf ve takip süreleri kaydedildi. Cerrahi öncesi ve son kontrollerinde halluks valgus açısı ve intermetatarsal açıları ölçüldü. Klinik sonuçlar Amerikan Ortopedik Ayak-Ayak Bileği Derneği Skorları (AOFAS) ile değerlendirildi.
In this study we aimed to identify infection rates in arhroplasty patients which were operated bi... more In this study we aimed to identify infection rates in arhroplasty patients which were operated bilaterally with single anesthesia and to discuss the reasons of infections in these patients. We evaluated 163 knees of 82 patients (Follow up: 12 to 60 months). Mean age was 66.8. Right knees were operated first followed by left knees. 16 of the patients had diabetes mellitus, 4 of them had rheumatoid arthritis, and 1 of them had systemic lupus erithmatosus. All patients were evaluated according to operation time, wound healing, laboratory findings, clinical presentation and X rays. We had 7 infections (6 deep, 1 superficial infection). When we evaluate operation times, no statistically significant difference was obtained between the infected knees and non infected knees (p=0,275). Two of the infected knees had urinary track infection and dental abscess after the opertaion. Five of seven infected knees were left sided. Six of the infected knees were treated with debridement irrigation an...
2001 Conference Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Trakya Univ Tip Fak …, 2009
Artroplasti Artroskopik Cerrahi (Yeni Adı: Eklem Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi), 2002
Bu deneysel çalışma düşük doz radyasyonun kırık iyileşmesini ve mineralleşmesini arttırabilme hip... more Bu deneysel çalışma düşük doz radyasyonun kırık iyileşmesini ve mineralleşmesini arttırabilme hipotezini araştırmıştır. Kırk Sprague-Dawley genç erkek rat standart açık yöntemle transvers femur kırığı ve K-teli ile intramedüller çivileme uygulandıktan sonra RT (1 Gy radyoterapi) ve C (kontrol, sham radyoterapi) gruplarına ayrıldı. Kırık sonrası üçüncü ve altıncı haftalarda yüksek çözünürlüklü kemik mineral yoğunluğu (KMY), kemik sintigrafisi ve mammografi cihazı ile radyolojik incelemeler sonrası histopatoloji için sakrifikasyon uygulandı. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar, sadece altıncı haftada görüldü; KMY indeksinde ışınlanan alanlarda kontrole göre yükseklik (p=0.006) ve ışınlanmış kemiğin kırık olmayan bölgesinde KMY düşüklüğü (p=0.005) saptandı. Diğer parametrelerde anlamlı fark yoktu. Sonuçlar, düşük doz radyasyonun sadece ışınlanmış komşu kemik ile karşılaştırıldığında kırık bölgesinde mineralizasyon artışına neden olabildiğini göstermiştir. Bu durum klinik uygulamalara temel oluşturabilecek yönde değildir. Ancak heterotopik ossifikasyon profilaksisi gibi ilgili uygulamalar dikkate alınınca konunun moleküler açıdan, 1-5 Gy aralığında incelenmesinde yarar görülmektedir.
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Jan 13, 2021
Sports injuries are increasing today due to the increased interest in sports. The most common inj... more Sports injuries are increasing today due to the increased interest in sports. The most common injured knee ligament is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in sport injuries. Accordingly, surgical treatment of the ACL is performed frequently. In this study, it was aimed to retrospectively evaluate whether the location of an endobutton on lateral knee radiography was effective on knee functional scores in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction. One hundred thirty patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between January 2015 and February 2019 were identified. The patients were divided into three groups according to the location of the endobutton on lateral radiographs taken in the postoperative period. Group 1 patients were classified as anterior, group 2 as middle, and group 3 as posterior according to the location of the endobutton. Functional scoring, physical examination tests, comparative thigh diameter measurements, and single-leg hop tests were compared between the groups. It was evaluated as to whether there was a statistically significant difference between the groups. There were 38 patients in group 1, 63 patients in group 2, and 29 patients in group 3. The mean age was 29.1 in group 1, 29.1 in group 2, and 29.7 in group 3. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 18.4 months in group 1, 19.1 months in group 2, and 21.4 months in group 3. The average Lysholm score was 92.9 in group 1, 93.3 in group 2, and 91.7 in group 3. The mean modified Cincinnati scores were 27.0, 27.1, and 26.6, respectively, in the groups. The mean IKDC score of the subjective knee assessments was 92.5, 92.8, and 91, respectively, according to the groups. The average thigh atrophy value was 1 cm, 1 cm, and 1.2 cm, respectively, in the groups. In the single-leg hop test, 34 patients in group 1 jump to over 85% of the distance compared with the intact side, while 58 patients in group 2, and 23 patients in group 3 were successfully able to jump this distance. The effect of the placement of the endobutton in the anterior, middle or posterior was not statistically significant on functional scores and physical examination results. In patients with endobuttons in the middle, functional scores were found better than in those with anterior or posterior placement. No statistically significant differences were found in clinical functional results when comparing patients’ endobutton location on femur. For this reason, surgical time should not be extended using unnecessary extra effort to change the orientation of the exit hole during surgery.
Trakya Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Dergisi, 2008
Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 2001
... grubunda lomber radyolojik anomalilerin skl¤ konusunda daha ileri karfllafltrmal çalfl... more ... grubunda lomber radyolojik anomalilerin skl¤ konusunda daha ileri karfllafltrmal çalflmalara önemli bilgiler sa¤lamfltr. Anahtar sözcükler: Bel a¤rs/etyoloji/radyografi/epidemiyo-loji; lumbar vertebra/radyografi; lumbosakral bölge; spina bifi-da occulta/tan; spinal hastal ...
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Special Topics, 2009
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Special Topics, 2009
Clin Orthop Related Res, 2009
Musculoskeletal Research and Basic Science, 2016
Tendons and ligaments are complex structures and have different anatomical and dynamic properties... more Tendons and ligaments are complex structures and have different anatomical and dynamic properties. Injury of tendons and ligaments remodel with scar formation with differences in themselves. Although scarring depends on the quality and quantity of the injured tissues, it can be qualified with appropriate rehabilitation. In normal conditions, scar formation prevents returning of normal tendon function because of its structural and biological limitations. It has been shown that reconstruction of injured tendons and ligaments with allografts and autografts in different clinical and experimental studies. Despite of these developments, healing process of both biological and biomechanics of the tendons and ligaments is still have to be investigated.
Sports Injuries, 2011
Osteochondral lesions of the talar dome are frequent problems in athletes causing pain and disabi... more Osteochondral lesions of the talar dome are frequent problems in athletes causing pain and disability. Lateral lesions are almost always associated with an ankle sprain, which is a common sports injury where medial lesions are rarely associated with trauma. Radiographic classification is more appropriate for acute lesions while chronic lesions should be classified according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is the most valuable diagnostic method. Arthroscopic excision of displaced fragments with a maximum diameter of 10–15 mm is the treatment of choice in acute lesions. Fixation of larger fragments is recommended for acute cases. Observation can be selected as a treatment method only for chronic lesions without pain; however, this is controversial for athletes. Degenerative changes are rare but possible. If the cartilage is intact, arthroscopy-assisted retrograde drilling under fluoroscopic guidance is performed. If there is a defect in the cartilage, the lesion is curetted arthroscopically. Special flexible and open curets should be available for arthroscopic curettage. Drilling or microfracture methods must be employed to make sure the floor of the lesion is bleeding. If the cavity produced by curettage is deep, grafting of the lesion might be considered. If the diameter of the defect is larger than 10–15 mm, advanced procedures such as osteochondral grafting or autologous chondrocyte transfers may be required. Early arthroscopy of the ankle is worthwhile for athletes after an ankle injury.