Nyambilila Amuri - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Nyambilila Amuri

Frontiers in Soil Science

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second cereal food crop grown in Tanzania after maize (Zea mays L.)... more Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second cereal food crop grown in Tanzania after maize (Zea mays L.) and covers approximately 18% of the agricultural land. Soil degradation due to intensive cultivation along with low organic matter input and nutrient imbalance has led to a decline in rice crop yields. This study was conducted to characterize, classify, and assess the fertility status of soils in two rice irrigation schemes of Morogoro region in Tanzania. The data obtained through this study will contribute significantly to land use planning and will facilitate the transfer of agro-technology and other development of the regions with similar ecological conditions. The studied pedons were named MKU-P1 and MKD-P1 for Mkula and Mkindo irrigation schemes, respectively. A total of seven composite soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected for soil fertility assessments. Landform, soil morphological features, parent material, natural vegetation, drainage, erosion, and laboratory data were used to ...

Frontiers in Soil Science

The rise in global human population, coupled with the effects of climate change, has increased th... more The rise in global human population, coupled with the effects of climate change, has increased the demand for arable land. Soil fertility has been the most affected, among other things. Many approaches to soil fertility management have been proposed by studies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); however, the question of sustainability remains. Nutrient monitoring (NUTMON), which combines biophysical and socio-economic features for soil fertility management, gives an in-situ soil fertility status of a given land use system, which ultimately provides guidance in proposing appropriate soil management techniques in a given land use system. In this review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach was deployed for a systematic search of the literature materials. The review evaluated various studies on nutrient monitoring in SSA soils in order to understand the socioeconomic attributes and their influence on farming systems, as well as nutrient flow ...

Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2022

Limited solubility of the Tanzania's Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR) in non-acidic soil conditions ... more Limited solubility of the Tanzania's Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR) in non-acidic soil conditions has held back its potential for widespread use in agricultural production. This study was designed to isolate, characterize and test phosphate-solubilizing bacteria for their potential to increase solubility of MPR and enhance maize plant growth under field conditions. Ten out of 19 isolates showing greatest phosphate solubilization indices on a Pikovskaya agar medium were further characterized for other plant-growth promoting traits including production of IAA, siderophores and ammonia. Two of them, namely isolates-MdE4 and MdG1 substantially outperformed other isolates in phosphate solubilization and production of IAA, ammonia and siderophores. The two isolates molecularly identified as Klebsiella variicola-MdE4 and K. variicola-MdG1 produced up 701, 699 and 750, 680 µg/ml of soluble phosphate from tricalcium phosphate and hard Minjungu rock phosphate, respectively. Additionally, Biorock P-a biofertilizer formulation containing MdE4 and MdG1 co-cultured in a molasses-based modified broth medium retained most of the phosphate solubilizing potential and other plant-growth promoting traits of MdE4 and MdG1. Co-application of MdE1 and MdG1-containing "bio-rock P" and inorganic phosphate at 20 kg P/ha resulted in higher maize grain yield than that of positive control (40 kg P/ha) under field conditions. The two isolates-Klebsiella variicola-MdE4 and K. variicola-MdG1 have the potential for use in a biofertilizer formulation for commercial field applications.

Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa, 2020

Agronomic practices have a large effect on the yield and profitability of low-input smallholder c... more Agronomic practices have a large effect on the yield and profitability of low-input smallholder cotton farming in Africa. A two-season field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid cotton growing area in Meatu District, Tanzania, to compare the yield and profitability of various conventional and organic cotton production practices. Besides the currently applied low-input conventional and organic cotton production practices, higher-input and innovative farming practices as well as control treatments (without fertiliser or pesticides) were tested. While season 1 had weather conditions that were very suitable for cotton production, much less rainfall in season 2 severely reduced the yield and land rent in both conventional and organic cotton production. In general, conventional and organic practices have similar cotton yields, but organic practices often generate higher land rents than conventional practices due to a higher price for organic cotton and lower production costs. In both seasons, the innovative organic practice generated the highest land rent of all conventional and organic practices, and it is statistically significantly higher than the land rents of all conventional farming practices.

The major challenge related to sustainable management of natural resources, agricultural and live... more The major challenge related to sustainable management of natural resources, agricultural and livestock production, and the assessment of innovative technologies and policies is to identify solutions for these problems. Soil degradation, a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa, is affected by climate change through emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Thus, restoration and sustainable management of soil to minimize risks of soil degradation are important to adaptation and mitigation of climate change and to advancing sustainable development goals of the United Nations. Livestock is a source of animal proteins for humans on the one hand and a source of nutrients and energy (biogas) on the other. However, livestock is vulnerable to many climate change-induced disasters such as prolonged droughts and floods, resulting in loss of animals and feed resources. In order to fully benefit from livestock, the targeted interventions needed include adoption of feed preservation technologies, incl...

Sustaining soil and forest resources, ensuring food security, and reducing poverty under changing... more Sustaining soil and forest resources, ensuring food security, and reducing poverty under changing climate in Africa are major challenges. The ever-increasing population, which may reach 1.4 billion by 2030, demands that food production must increase by 20% as compared to the present production. The population growth rate of 2.7% in 2017 in SSA region is also the highest in the world. This has intensified the problem of food insecurity as nearly 34% of population in SSA appears to be food insecure. Soils of SSA are prone to a range of soil degradation processes, and this is further aggravated by the increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events. The biophysical process of soil degradation is strongly influenced by the socio-economic, political, and cultural factors including the land tenure and gender-related issues. Indeed, soil-climate-human factors are intricately interlinked, and humanity’s impact on soil is increasing with the increase in population, affluence with which...

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2016

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 2014

The cause for low maize yields in rain-fed production systems is usually associated with water st... more The cause for low maize yields in rain-fed production systems is usually associated with water stress due to perceived suboptimal seasonal precipitation. A modeling study using Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project modeling framework was conducted to determine the magnitude of rain-fed potential yield and yield gap of maize in the Wami River sub-basin, Tanzania. Primary and secondary data on soils, weather, management, and crop yields and cultivars were used. Data matrix search technique was used to calibrate CERES-Maize Crop System model against reported yield for each of 168 farms involved in this study. Then the individual farms' simulated yields, actual reported yields, and the resultant yield gaps were aggregated into ward-level averages. Model calibration was robust as there was a very close agreement between reported and simulated yield (R 2 = 0.9). Actual yields reported from farm survey ranged from 50 kg ha −1 to 3600 kg ha −1 with an average of 860 kg ha −1. Simulated rain-fed potential yield was between 2073 kg ha −1 and 5443 kg ha −1 and a mean of 4033 kg ha −1. It is apparent therefore that there exists a wide maize yield gap of 79% with current management under rain-fed conditions. This suggests that there is a large scope of improving maize yields under rain-fed conditions. Narrowing the yield gaps would require an intensive soil fertility improvement in the study area.

Soil Science, 2008

Improving long-term agricultural sustainability requires appropriate soil and residue management ... more Improving long-term agricultural sustainability requires appropriate soil and residue management practices. Soil cone index (CI), which relates to the resistance to penetration of a cone of specific dimensions, is an important physical property relating to soil and crop productivity, particularly in intensive cropping systems. A study was initiated in 2001 to evaluate the effect of alternative residue management practices on soil penetration resistance in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) double-cropped system in the Mississippi River Delta region of eastern Arkansas. Residue management treatments consisted of tillage (conventional tillage and no-tillage [NT]), residue burning (burn and no burn), and residue level (low and high, achieved by differential N fertilization). Soil CI, as measured using a hand-pushed penetrometer, was determined at 0.05-m intervals to a depth of 0.4 m in 2003, after one, and in 2006, after four complete cropping cycles. The whole-field CI increased with depth in both years. Tillage, burning, and residue level generally did not affect CI in the top 0.20-m in either year. In both years, soil CI was consistently lower under burning than nonburning at all depths below 0.20 m. Compared with after only 1 year, 4 years of NT soybean resulted in a 35% increase in CI at the 0.05-m depth. Soil CI was reduced at the 0.4-m depth under NT and nonburning but increased somewhat under conventional tillage and nonburning after 4 years. Being aware of the potential effects of alternative residue management on soil properties and root growth in relation to soil penetration resistance will be necessary for sustainable soil management practices.

Sustainable Intensification to Advance Food Security and Enhance Climate Resilience in Africa, 2014

Soil resources play a central role in food security as agriculture continues to depend on soil to... more Soil resources play a central role in food security as agriculture continues to depend on soil to feed the growing population. The objective of this paper is to review the status of food security, extent of soil degradation, and management options under changing climate to ensure food security in the semi-arid and highlands areas of Tanzania. Increased food production was realized over a 10-year period in the country, attributed to the increase in cultivated land at the rate of 0.38 million ha/year. Food productivity decreased at the rate of 0.04 t/ha/year despite higher average food production after (18.00 t) than before (13.75 t) introduction of fertilizer subsidy. Soil degradation due to soil loss of 9.2 Mg/ha/season accounted for 24 % yield reduction in semi-arid areas, and soil loss was 32–163 kg/ha/year in highlands. Poor residue and tillage practices contribute to low productivity even when inputs are used. Nutrient mining is widespread with 88 % of soils deficient in nitrogen, 71 % with low phosphorus, 29 % are low in potassium, and 67 % are deficient in Zn in semi-arid areas. In highlands, 92 % of soils are deficient in phosphorus while 24 % are deficient in zinc. Almost all soils in semi-arid and 58 % of soils from highlands had low soil organic carbon. Salinity increased in almost all irrigated areas in semi-arid regions without salinity management. Thus, climate smart agriculture to simultaneously conserve soil, harvest and conserve rainwater, and integrate nutrient management should be used to increase productivity and enhance agriculture resilience to changing climate.

Frontiers in agronomy, Apr 16, 2024

Journal of Central European agriculture, 2024

Frontiers in agronomy, Feb 16, 2024

Frontiers of biogeography, Nov 30, 2023

Silva Fennica, Dec 31, 2022

FEED THE FUTURE, Sep 1, 2020

Though the use of fertilizers can enhance productivity and increase profits for small-scale farmi... more Though the use of fertilizers can enhance productivity and increase profits for small-scale farming families, two barriers to their adoption have proved critical. First, many farmers often cannot afford to buy fertilizers; second, use recommendations from government sources may not be appropriate for specific farms. In Tanzania, 1 our multi-disciplinary team used low-cost soil testing to pair field-specific recommendations with subsidy vouchers to help cover the cost of fertilizer purchase. Our results show that farmers benefitted significantly in both yields and profits when (1) fertilizer recommendations were calibrated to the needs of individual farms and (2) a subsidy made the recommended fertilizers affordable

Journal of Development Economics, 2022

Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa, 2020

Agronomic practices have a large effect on the yield and profitability of low-input smallholder c... more Agronomic practices have a large effect on the yield and profitability of low-input smallholder cotton farming in Africa. A two-season field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid cotton growing area in Meatu District, Tanzania, to compare the yield and profitability of various conventional and organic cotton production practices. Besides the currently applied low-input conventional and organic cotton production practices, higher-input and innovative farming practices as well as control treatments (without fertiliser or pesticides) were tested. While season 1 had weather conditions that were very suitable for cotton production, much less AH, NAA and JEO formulated the general research question and initiated the research project; TNB, NAA, ES and JEO formulated the specific research questions and designed the field experiment; TNB, supervised by NAA, ES, and JEO, conducted the field experiment and collected the data; TNB and AH conducted the economic analysis; AH conducted the stati...

is a Programme Analyst for Environment, Energy and Climate Change Unit, UNDP Kenya and formally t... more is a Programme Analyst for Environment, Energy and Climate Change Unit, UNDP Kenya and formally the National Project Manager for Mainstreaming Sustainable Land Management in Agro-pastoral Production Systems of Kenya project (SLM). She holds PhD in Development Studies from Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Norway and MSc in Project Planning and Management from University of Bradford. She has a vast experience in programme development and management drawn from working with United Nations and Non-Governmental Organizations. She has a special interest in livelihoods and natural resource management.

Frontiers in Soil Science

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second cereal food crop grown in Tanzania after maize (Zea mays L.)... more Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second cereal food crop grown in Tanzania after maize (Zea mays L.) and covers approximately 18% of the agricultural land. Soil degradation due to intensive cultivation along with low organic matter input and nutrient imbalance has led to a decline in rice crop yields. This study was conducted to characterize, classify, and assess the fertility status of soils in two rice irrigation schemes of Morogoro region in Tanzania. The data obtained through this study will contribute significantly to land use planning and will facilitate the transfer of agro-technology and other development of the regions with similar ecological conditions. The studied pedons were named MKU-P1 and MKD-P1 for Mkula and Mkindo irrigation schemes, respectively. A total of seven composite soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected for soil fertility assessments. Landform, soil morphological features, parent material, natural vegetation, drainage, erosion, and laboratory data were used to ...

Frontiers in Soil Science

The rise in global human population, coupled with the effects of climate change, has increased th... more The rise in global human population, coupled with the effects of climate change, has increased the demand for arable land. Soil fertility has been the most affected, among other things. Many approaches to soil fertility management have been proposed by studies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); however, the question of sustainability remains. Nutrient monitoring (NUTMON), which combines biophysical and socio-economic features for soil fertility management, gives an in-situ soil fertility status of a given land use system, which ultimately provides guidance in proposing appropriate soil management techniques in a given land use system. In this review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach was deployed for a systematic search of the literature materials. The review evaluated various studies on nutrient monitoring in SSA soils in order to understand the socioeconomic attributes and their influence on farming systems, as well as nutrient flow ...

Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2022

Limited solubility of the Tanzania's Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR) in non-acidic soil conditions ... more Limited solubility of the Tanzania's Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR) in non-acidic soil conditions has held back its potential for widespread use in agricultural production. This study was designed to isolate, characterize and test phosphate-solubilizing bacteria for their potential to increase solubility of MPR and enhance maize plant growth under field conditions. Ten out of 19 isolates showing greatest phosphate solubilization indices on a Pikovskaya agar medium were further characterized for other plant-growth promoting traits including production of IAA, siderophores and ammonia. Two of them, namely isolates-MdE4 and MdG1 substantially outperformed other isolates in phosphate solubilization and production of IAA, ammonia and siderophores. The two isolates molecularly identified as Klebsiella variicola-MdE4 and K. variicola-MdG1 produced up 701, 699 and 750, 680 µg/ml of soluble phosphate from tricalcium phosphate and hard Minjungu rock phosphate, respectively. Additionally, Biorock P-a biofertilizer formulation containing MdE4 and MdG1 co-cultured in a molasses-based modified broth medium retained most of the phosphate solubilizing potential and other plant-growth promoting traits of MdE4 and MdG1. Co-application of MdE1 and MdG1-containing "bio-rock P" and inorganic phosphate at 20 kg P/ha resulted in higher maize grain yield than that of positive control (40 kg P/ha) under field conditions. The two isolates-Klebsiella variicola-MdE4 and K. variicola-MdG1 have the potential for use in a biofertilizer formulation for commercial field applications.

Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa, 2020

Agronomic practices have a large effect on the yield and profitability of low-input smallholder c... more Agronomic practices have a large effect on the yield and profitability of low-input smallholder cotton farming in Africa. A two-season field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid cotton growing area in Meatu District, Tanzania, to compare the yield and profitability of various conventional and organic cotton production practices. Besides the currently applied low-input conventional and organic cotton production practices, higher-input and innovative farming practices as well as control treatments (without fertiliser or pesticides) were tested. While season 1 had weather conditions that were very suitable for cotton production, much less rainfall in season 2 severely reduced the yield and land rent in both conventional and organic cotton production. In general, conventional and organic practices have similar cotton yields, but organic practices often generate higher land rents than conventional practices due to a higher price for organic cotton and lower production costs. In both seasons, the innovative organic practice generated the highest land rent of all conventional and organic practices, and it is statistically significantly higher than the land rents of all conventional farming practices.

The major challenge related to sustainable management of natural resources, agricultural and live... more The major challenge related to sustainable management of natural resources, agricultural and livestock production, and the assessment of innovative technologies and policies is to identify solutions for these problems. Soil degradation, a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa, is affected by climate change through emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Thus, restoration and sustainable management of soil to minimize risks of soil degradation are important to adaptation and mitigation of climate change and to advancing sustainable development goals of the United Nations. Livestock is a source of animal proteins for humans on the one hand and a source of nutrients and energy (biogas) on the other. However, livestock is vulnerable to many climate change-induced disasters such as prolonged droughts and floods, resulting in loss of animals and feed resources. In order to fully benefit from livestock, the targeted interventions needed include adoption of feed preservation technologies, incl...

Sustaining soil and forest resources, ensuring food security, and reducing poverty under changing... more Sustaining soil and forest resources, ensuring food security, and reducing poverty under changing climate in Africa are major challenges. The ever-increasing population, which may reach 1.4 billion by 2030, demands that food production must increase by 20% as compared to the present production. The population growth rate of 2.7% in 2017 in SSA region is also the highest in the world. This has intensified the problem of food insecurity as nearly 34% of population in SSA appears to be food insecure. Soils of SSA are prone to a range of soil degradation processes, and this is further aggravated by the increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events. The biophysical process of soil degradation is strongly influenced by the socio-economic, political, and cultural factors including the land tenure and gender-related issues. Indeed, soil-climate-human factors are intricately interlinked, and humanity’s impact on soil is increasing with the increase in population, affluence with which...

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2016

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 2014

The cause for low maize yields in rain-fed production systems is usually associated with water st... more The cause for low maize yields in rain-fed production systems is usually associated with water stress due to perceived suboptimal seasonal precipitation. A modeling study using Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project modeling framework was conducted to determine the magnitude of rain-fed potential yield and yield gap of maize in the Wami River sub-basin, Tanzania. Primary and secondary data on soils, weather, management, and crop yields and cultivars were used. Data matrix search technique was used to calibrate CERES-Maize Crop System model against reported yield for each of 168 farms involved in this study. Then the individual farms' simulated yields, actual reported yields, and the resultant yield gaps were aggregated into ward-level averages. Model calibration was robust as there was a very close agreement between reported and simulated yield (R 2 = 0.9). Actual yields reported from farm survey ranged from 50 kg ha −1 to 3600 kg ha −1 with an average of 860 kg ha −1. Simulated rain-fed potential yield was between 2073 kg ha −1 and 5443 kg ha −1 and a mean of 4033 kg ha −1. It is apparent therefore that there exists a wide maize yield gap of 79% with current management under rain-fed conditions. This suggests that there is a large scope of improving maize yields under rain-fed conditions. Narrowing the yield gaps would require an intensive soil fertility improvement in the study area.

Soil Science, 2008

Improving long-term agricultural sustainability requires appropriate soil and residue management ... more Improving long-term agricultural sustainability requires appropriate soil and residue management practices. Soil cone index (CI), which relates to the resistance to penetration of a cone of specific dimensions, is an important physical property relating to soil and crop productivity, particularly in intensive cropping systems. A study was initiated in 2001 to evaluate the effect of alternative residue management practices on soil penetration resistance in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) double-cropped system in the Mississippi River Delta region of eastern Arkansas. Residue management treatments consisted of tillage (conventional tillage and no-tillage [NT]), residue burning (burn and no burn), and residue level (low and high, achieved by differential N fertilization). Soil CI, as measured using a hand-pushed penetrometer, was determined at 0.05-m intervals to a depth of 0.4 m in 2003, after one, and in 2006, after four complete cropping cycles. The whole-field CI increased with depth in both years. Tillage, burning, and residue level generally did not affect CI in the top 0.20-m in either year. In both years, soil CI was consistently lower under burning than nonburning at all depths below 0.20 m. Compared with after only 1 year, 4 years of NT soybean resulted in a 35% increase in CI at the 0.05-m depth. Soil CI was reduced at the 0.4-m depth under NT and nonburning but increased somewhat under conventional tillage and nonburning after 4 years. Being aware of the potential effects of alternative residue management on soil properties and root growth in relation to soil penetration resistance will be necessary for sustainable soil management practices.

Sustainable Intensification to Advance Food Security and Enhance Climate Resilience in Africa, 2014

Soil resources play a central role in food security as agriculture continues to depend on soil to... more Soil resources play a central role in food security as agriculture continues to depend on soil to feed the growing population. The objective of this paper is to review the status of food security, extent of soil degradation, and management options under changing climate to ensure food security in the semi-arid and highlands areas of Tanzania. Increased food production was realized over a 10-year period in the country, attributed to the increase in cultivated land at the rate of 0.38 million ha/year. Food productivity decreased at the rate of 0.04 t/ha/year despite higher average food production after (18.00 t) than before (13.75 t) introduction of fertilizer subsidy. Soil degradation due to soil loss of 9.2 Mg/ha/season accounted for 24 % yield reduction in semi-arid areas, and soil loss was 32–163 kg/ha/year in highlands. Poor residue and tillage practices contribute to low productivity even when inputs are used. Nutrient mining is widespread with 88 % of soils deficient in nitrogen, 71 % with low phosphorus, 29 % are low in potassium, and 67 % are deficient in Zn in semi-arid areas. In highlands, 92 % of soils are deficient in phosphorus while 24 % are deficient in zinc. Almost all soils in semi-arid and 58 % of soils from highlands had low soil organic carbon. Salinity increased in almost all irrigated areas in semi-arid regions without salinity management. Thus, climate smart agriculture to simultaneously conserve soil, harvest and conserve rainwater, and integrate nutrient management should be used to increase productivity and enhance agriculture resilience to changing climate.

Frontiers in agronomy, Apr 16, 2024

Journal of Central European agriculture, 2024

Frontiers in agronomy, Feb 16, 2024

Frontiers of biogeography, Nov 30, 2023

Silva Fennica, Dec 31, 2022

FEED THE FUTURE, Sep 1, 2020

Though the use of fertilizers can enhance productivity and increase profits for small-scale farmi... more Though the use of fertilizers can enhance productivity and increase profits for small-scale farming families, two barriers to their adoption have proved critical. First, many farmers often cannot afford to buy fertilizers; second, use recommendations from government sources may not be appropriate for specific farms. In Tanzania, 1 our multi-disciplinary team used low-cost soil testing to pair field-specific recommendations with subsidy vouchers to help cover the cost of fertilizer purchase. Our results show that farmers benefitted significantly in both yields and profits when (1) fertilizer recommendations were calibrated to the needs of individual farms and (2) a subsidy made the recommended fertilizers affordable

Journal of Development Economics, 2022

Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa, 2020

Agronomic practices have a large effect on the yield and profitability of low-input smallholder c... more Agronomic practices have a large effect on the yield and profitability of low-input smallholder cotton farming in Africa. A two-season field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid cotton growing area in Meatu District, Tanzania, to compare the yield and profitability of various conventional and organic cotton production practices. Besides the currently applied low-input conventional and organic cotton production practices, higher-input and innovative farming practices as well as control treatments (without fertiliser or pesticides) were tested. While season 1 had weather conditions that were very suitable for cotton production, much less AH, NAA and JEO formulated the general research question and initiated the research project; TNB, NAA, ES and JEO formulated the specific research questions and designed the field experiment; TNB, supervised by NAA, ES, and JEO, conducted the field experiment and collected the data; TNB and AH conducted the economic analysis; AH conducted the stati...

is a Programme Analyst for Environment, Energy and Climate Change Unit, UNDP Kenya and formally t... more is a Programme Analyst for Environment, Energy and Climate Change Unit, UNDP Kenya and formally the National Project Manager for Mainstreaming Sustainable Land Management in Agro-pastoral Production Systems of Kenya project (SLM). She holds PhD in Development Studies from Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Norway and MSc in Project Planning and Management from University of Bradford. She has a vast experience in programme development and management drawn from working with United Nations and Non-Governmental Organizations. She has a special interest in livelihoods and natural resource management.