O. Gout - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by O. Gout
Revue neurologique, 2008
In an observational multicenter study, we analyzed retrospectively 30 patients with malignant for... more In an observational multicenter study, we analyzed retrospectively 30 patients with malignant form of multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with mitoxantrone the year following the first neurological event. The 30 patients were selected according to Weinshenker criteria of malignant MS (either a "catastrophic" relapse or a quickly aggressive form). We compared clinical and MRI findings the year before with the year following mitoxantrone onset treatment: annualized relapse rates (ARR), EDSS score and percentage of patients with gadolinium enhancing lesions on MRI. A total of 87 relapses were observed in the 5.7 months before and 10 during the year following onset of mitoxantrone treatment. The ARR decreased by 95% (6.0+/-2 before and 0.3+/-0.7 after). Twenty-four patients (80%) were relapse-free one year after onset of mitoxantrone treatment. The EDSS score improved in 87% of MS patients and the mean EDSS decreased by 1.9. Ninety-seven percent had at least gadolinium enhancing l...
Neuroscience Letters, 1988
Fragments of normal newborn mouse central nervous system (CNS) were transplanted into the spinal ... more Fragments of normal newborn mouse central nervous system (CNS) were transplanted into the spinal cord of adult shiverer mice at distance of 1, 2 or 3 intervertebral spaces from a lysolecithin-induced demyelinating lesion. Remyelination by grafted oligodendrocytes was observed by electron microscopy (EM). This result showed the capability of grafted oligodendrocytes or precursor cells to migrate to a demyelinated lesion and to remyelinate naked axons in an adult host, even in presence of host spontaneous remyelination.
Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 2011
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) frequently begins with a monofocal episode of optic neuritis or myelit... more Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) frequently begins with a monofocal episode of optic neuritis or myelitis. A concept named high-risk syndrome (HRS) for NMO has been proposed for patients with monofocal episodes and NMO-IgG antibodies. To describe HRS patients and compare them with NMO patients. We identified 30 patients with HRS: 18 with extensive myelitis (HRM) and 12 with optic neuritis (HRON), in a database pooling patients from 25 centres in France. Clinical, laboratory/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and outcome were analysed and compared with a national cohort of 125 NMO patients extracted from the same database. Mean follow-up was 4.8 years. Mean age at onset was 42.8 years (range: 12.4-70) with a female:male ratio of 0.9. Asymptomatic lesions were report on visual evoked potentials in 4/8 tested HRM patients and on spinal cord MRI in 2/7 HRON patients. Three patients died, two owing to a cervical lesion. HRS and NMO patients had similar clinical/paraclinical data, except for a predominance of men in the HRS group and a later mean age at onset in the HRM subgroup. The description of HRS patients is compatible with a monofocal form of NMO. Asymptomatic lesions could be included in a new set of NMO diagnostic criteria.
Journal of Vision, 2010
Abstract Following unilateral occipital damage of the primary visual cortex one of the most commo... more Abstract Following unilateral occipital damage of the primary visual cortex one of the most common visual field defects observed is Homonymous Hemianopia. Most studies have focused on either the visual deficit or the residual capacities in the contralesional visual ...
Journal of Neuroimmunology, 1991
CD4+ T cells primed in the AMLR in the absence of CD8+ T cells effectively suppress an autologous... more CD4+ T cells primed in the AMLR in the absence of CD8+ T cells effectively suppress an autologous primary in vitro AMLR comprised of CD4+ T and non-T cells in normals. In stable relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) a mild degree of AMLR-primed CD4+ T cell suppression of the autologons primary in vitro AMLR occurs. In contrast, AMLR-primed CD4+ T cells significandy enhance the primary in vitro AMLR in exacerbating RR MS. CD4+, CD45-T cells prodtce both the suppression in normal.~ and stable RR MS, and ",he enhancement in exacerbating RR MS. To determine whether the regulatory responses of the CD4+ T cells in normals and MS was influenced by specific lymphokines, Interleukius (IL) 1,2,4,6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and ganuna-interferon were added individually (at 1, 10, 100 u/ml) or in certain combinations(at I0 u/ml/LK) to either the first (priming) or second (regulatory assay). In normals and stable MS, IL 2,4 and TNF-~x added to the first culture mildly enhanced the suppression; while the MS enhancing response was inhibited by TNF-ct or IL2 and II.A combined. The suppression seen in normals was reversed, with mild enhancement, when IL !, 4, 6 and TNF-a were added to the second culture. IL 2 markedly enhanced this response at high doses only; but gamma interferon improved suppression. In stable MS, IL 1, 6 and TNF-ct enhanced proliferation in the second cultures. Both IL2 and II.,4 reversed suppression and, at low and high doses markedly enhanced proliferation in the second cultures; while gamma interferon produced a biphasic response (enhancement then suppression). Therefore, exogenous LK produced both positive and negative perturbations of the AMLR in normals and MS. Because the magnitude of change in MS is greater than in normals, LK-induced regulatory changes may potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of MS exacerbations. Primary demyelination in the adult mammalian CNS is followed by spontaneous remyelination. However the achievement of this remyelination is variable according to the species and the demyelinating agent. Both oligodendrocytes (ODC.s) and Schwann cells (SC) are involved in myelin repair. However the complex cellular interactions leading to reconstruction of the glial CNS environment are far to be completely undemtood. Transplantation of glial myelinating cells (ODCs or SC) has been attempted in two different experimental conditions. 1) transplantation in a permanent demyelinated region where the local glial cells have been destroyed by X-rays irradiation. In this situation the repair achieved after transplantation has been attributed to transplanted cells. 2) transplantation without destruction of the glial environment. In this situation the transplanted myelinating cells are in competition with host cells for myelin repair. Thus the transplanted myelinating cells must express a marker allowing to distinguish them or their myelin from the host ones. Using the "Shiverer model" (the Shiverer myelin can be distinguished from the normal one) we desmonstmted that ODCs transplanted at a distance of a chemically induced demyelinated lesion could migrate to the lesion and participate to the myelin repair. Using bisbenzimide tHoechst 33342) a iluorochrome binding to the cell nucleus to label the transplanted cells, we could show that transplanted myelin forming cells (ODCs, purified rat SC or a clone of immortalized mouse SC) are attracted by the lesion migrating preferentially along the white matter tract. Using another fluorochrome, carbocyanine, which is internalized in cytoplasmic vesicles it is now possible by electron microscopy to trace the transplanted cells and to visualize cell interactions during their migratipn towards the lesion.
International Journal of Cancer, 1989
Revue neurologique, 2008
In an observational multicenter study, we analyzed retrospectively 30 patients with malignant for... more In an observational multicenter study, we analyzed retrospectively 30 patients with malignant form of multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with mitoxantrone the year following the first neurological event. The 30 patients were selected according to Weinshenker criteria of malignant MS (either a "catastrophic" relapse or a quickly aggressive form). We compared clinical and MRI findings the year before with the year following mitoxantrone onset treatment: annualized relapse rates (ARR), EDSS score and percentage of patients with gadolinium enhancing lesions on MRI. A total of 87 relapses were observed in the 5.7 months before and 10 during the year following onset of mitoxantrone treatment. The ARR decreased by 95% (6.0+/-2 before and 0.3+/-0.7 after). Twenty-four patients (80%) were relapse-free one year after onset of mitoxantrone treatment. The EDSS score improved in 87% of MS patients and the mean EDSS decreased by 1.9. Ninety-seven percent had at least gadolinium enhancing l...
Neuroscience Letters, 1988
Fragments of normal newborn mouse central nervous system (CNS) were transplanted into the spinal ... more Fragments of normal newborn mouse central nervous system (CNS) were transplanted into the spinal cord of adult shiverer mice at distance of 1, 2 or 3 intervertebral spaces from a lysolecithin-induced demyelinating lesion. Remyelination by grafted oligodendrocytes was observed by electron microscopy (EM). This result showed the capability of grafted oligodendrocytes or precursor cells to migrate to a demyelinated lesion and to remyelinate naked axons in an adult host, even in presence of host spontaneous remyelination.
Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 2011
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) frequently begins with a monofocal episode of optic neuritis or myelit... more Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) frequently begins with a monofocal episode of optic neuritis or myelitis. A concept named high-risk syndrome (HRS) for NMO has been proposed for patients with monofocal episodes and NMO-IgG antibodies. To describe HRS patients and compare them with NMO patients. We identified 30 patients with HRS: 18 with extensive myelitis (HRM) and 12 with optic neuritis (HRON), in a database pooling patients from 25 centres in France. Clinical, laboratory/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and outcome were analysed and compared with a national cohort of 125 NMO patients extracted from the same database. Mean follow-up was 4.8 years. Mean age at onset was 42.8 years (range: 12.4-70) with a female:male ratio of 0.9. Asymptomatic lesions were report on visual evoked potentials in 4/8 tested HRM patients and on spinal cord MRI in 2/7 HRON patients. Three patients died, two owing to a cervical lesion. HRS and NMO patients had similar clinical/paraclinical data, except for a predominance of men in the HRS group and a later mean age at onset in the HRM subgroup. The description of HRS patients is compatible with a monofocal form of NMO. Asymptomatic lesions could be included in a new set of NMO diagnostic criteria.
Journal of Vision, 2010
Abstract Following unilateral occipital damage of the primary visual cortex one of the most commo... more Abstract Following unilateral occipital damage of the primary visual cortex one of the most common visual field defects observed is Homonymous Hemianopia. Most studies have focused on either the visual deficit or the residual capacities in the contralesional visual ...
Journal of Neuroimmunology, 1991
CD4+ T cells primed in the AMLR in the absence of CD8+ T cells effectively suppress an autologous... more CD4+ T cells primed in the AMLR in the absence of CD8+ T cells effectively suppress an autologous primary in vitro AMLR comprised of CD4+ T and non-T cells in normals. In stable relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) a mild degree of AMLR-primed CD4+ T cell suppression of the autologons primary in vitro AMLR occurs. In contrast, AMLR-primed CD4+ T cells significandy enhance the primary in vitro AMLR in exacerbating RR MS. CD4+, CD45-T cells prodtce both the suppression in normal.~ and stable RR MS, and ",he enhancement in exacerbating RR MS. To determine whether the regulatory responses of the CD4+ T cells in normals and MS was influenced by specific lymphokines, Interleukius (IL) 1,2,4,6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and ganuna-interferon were added individually (at 1, 10, 100 u/ml) or in certain combinations(at I0 u/ml/LK) to either the first (priming) or second (regulatory assay). In normals and stable MS, IL 2,4 and TNF-~x added to the first culture mildly enhanced the suppression; while the MS enhancing response was inhibited by TNF-ct or IL2 and II.A combined. The suppression seen in normals was reversed, with mild enhancement, when IL !, 4, 6 and TNF-a were added to the second culture. IL 2 markedly enhanced this response at high doses only; but gamma interferon improved suppression. In stable MS, IL 1, 6 and TNF-ct enhanced proliferation in the second cultures. Both IL2 and II.,4 reversed suppression and, at low and high doses markedly enhanced proliferation in the second cultures; while gamma interferon produced a biphasic response (enhancement then suppression). Therefore, exogenous LK produced both positive and negative perturbations of the AMLR in normals and MS. Because the magnitude of change in MS is greater than in normals, LK-induced regulatory changes may potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of MS exacerbations. Primary demyelination in the adult mammalian CNS is followed by spontaneous remyelination. However the achievement of this remyelination is variable according to the species and the demyelinating agent. Both oligodendrocytes (ODC.s) and Schwann cells (SC) are involved in myelin repair. However the complex cellular interactions leading to reconstruction of the glial CNS environment are far to be completely undemtood. Transplantation of glial myelinating cells (ODCs or SC) has been attempted in two different experimental conditions. 1) transplantation in a permanent demyelinated region where the local glial cells have been destroyed by X-rays irradiation. In this situation the repair achieved after transplantation has been attributed to transplanted cells. 2) transplantation without destruction of the glial environment. In this situation the transplanted myelinating cells are in competition with host cells for myelin repair. Thus the transplanted myelinating cells must express a marker allowing to distinguish them or their myelin from the host ones. Using the "Shiverer model" (the Shiverer myelin can be distinguished from the normal one) we desmonstmted that ODCs transplanted at a distance of a chemically induced demyelinated lesion could migrate to the lesion and participate to the myelin repair. Using bisbenzimide tHoechst 33342) a iluorochrome binding to the cell nucleus to label the transplanted cells, we could show that transplanted myelin forming cells (ODCs, purified rat SC or a clone of immortalized mouse SC) are attracted by the lesion migrating preferentially along the white matter tract. Using another fluorochrome, carbocyanine, which is internalized in cytoplasmic vesicles it is now possible by electron microscopy to trace the transplanted cells and to visualize cell interactions during their migratipn towards the lesion.
International Journal of Cancer, 1989