Oscar Osorio Cortes - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Oscar Osorio Cortes
Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2012
In order to understand the genetic ancestry and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity of current Co... more In order to understand the genetic ancestry and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity of current Colombian horse breeds we sequenced a 364-bp fragment of the mitocondrial DNA D-loop in 116 animals belonging to five Spanish horse breeds and the Colombian Paso Fino and Colombian Creole cattle horse breeds. Among Colombian horse breeds, haplogroup D had the highest frequency (53%), followed by haplogroups A (19%), C (8%) and F (6%). The higher frequency of haplogroup D in Colombian horse breeds supports the theory of an ancestral Iberian origin for these breeds. These results also indicate that different selective pressures among the Colombian breeds could explain the relatively higher genetic diversity found in the Colombian Creole cattle horse when compared with the Colombian Paso Fino.
Diversity
Characterization, inventory and monitoring trends of animal genetic resources of local breeds are... more Characterization, inventory and monitoring trends of animal genetic resources of local breeds are crucial factors for the development of conservation strategies. Using genealogical information, the genetic diversity of five Spanish local bovine breeds located in the northwest of Spain in the region of Galicia, and called in the past Morenas Gallegas (Cachena, Caldelá, Frieiresa, Limiá and Vianesa), has been analysed. The results achieved a good quality of pedigree records in terms of integrity and deepness. In spite of the low census of the five breeds, (no more or even less than one thousand animals), the strategies developed for genetic diversity conservation since the end of the last century revealed positive results. An increase of generation intervals, the use of reproductive technologies and a higher animal exchange between herds are some strategies suggested to preserve the genetic diversity of the five Galician bovine breeds analysed
Ruminants
The status of genetic diversity, adaptation to climate change or the identification of genes asso... more The status of genetic diversity, adaptation to climate change or the identification of genes associated with traits of interest in livestock populations has been a major concern for scientists in the last decades. Biotechnology has evolved continuously, offering new tools and methodologies to analyse the genomes of livestock species. Biochemical markers or protein polymorphisms were the tools used for population studies many years ago, but over the last three decades the methodologies available to analyse livestock genomes have changed notably. The development of DNA molecular markers, especially microsatellites and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, opened new possibilities for a better understanding of livestock genomes, unthinkable until recently. However, Whole-Genome Sequencing technologies or genome editing techniques are changing the way to analyse or interact with the genomes, even before full advantage can be taken of all the possibilities open by the last group of molecular ...
RVGP 18, 2020
© 2020 IVAP. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia C... more © 2020 IVAP. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada (by-nc-nd) Laburpena: Adimen artifiziala da gaur egungo teknologien artean bultzadarik handiena duenetako bat. Azterlan honen xedea da horren erronka batzuen hausnarketa bat eskaintzea Administrazio Publikoan aplikatzeko. Alde batetik, abiadura-palanka gisa duen gaitasunaren ikuspuntutik, sektore publikoa den bezalako ekosistema juridikoan; beste alde batetik, administrazio-sistemetan bere garapena bideragarri egiteko suertatzen diren galderei erantzuteko beharretik. Horretarako, aztertuko da nola aldaketa teknologiko berriek lege-moldaketekin batera etorri diren maila publikoan bideragarritasuna emateko; aurkeztuko dira algoritmoen aukera eta ziurgabetasun batzuk Administrazioaren teknologia eraldatzaile bezala; azkenik, deskribatuko dira aspektu juridiko batzuk beharrezkoak direnak ezapen ziurra eta etikoa lortzeko eta aztertuko dira administrazio-prozedura automatizatu posible baten elementurik aipagarrienak. Gako-hitzak: algoritmoak, aldaketa, administrazio-eskubide digitala, adimen artifiziala, administrazio-prozedura automatizatua. Resumen: La inteligencia artificial es ya hoy una de las tecnologías con mayor potencial. El presente estudio tiene por objeto ofrecer una reflexión sobre algunos de los retos para su aplicación en la Administración pública. Por un lado, desde el punto de vista de su capacidad como palanca de cambio en un ecosistema jurídico como el sector público; por otro, desde la necesidad de abordar algunos de los interrogantes que surgen para hacer viable su desarrollo en los sistemas administrativos. Para ello, se analizará cómo los recientes cambios tecnológicos han venido acompañados de modificaciones legales para dotarles de viabilidad en el ámbito público, se mostrarán algunas de las oportunidades e incertidumbres de los algoritmos como tecnologías transformadoras en la Administración, se describirán algunos de los aspectos jurídicos que es necesario abordar para su segura implantación ética y jurídica y se analizarán algunos de los elementos más destacados de un posible procedimiento administrativo automatizado. Palabras clave: algoritmos, cambio, derecho administrativo digital, inteligencia artificial, procedimiento administrativo automatizado.
Se implemento1 un sistema de instrumentacion para el invernadero de la unidad agroecologica La Al... more Se implemento1 un sistema de instrumentacion para el invernadero de la unidad agroecologica La Aldana de la Universidad del Quindio, que consiste en la medicion de variables fisicas como temperatura, humedad2 relativa y humedad del suelo. Estas variables son visualizadas en el interior del invernadero y paralelamente son monitoreadas inalambricamente a traves de una herramienta computacional en una estacion remota ubicada a 20 m del invernadero; ademas se diseno un control por histeresis para la activacion de una electrovalvula que permite el paso de agua para el sistema de riego por goteo instalado en el invernadero.
Animals, 2020
A set of five local bovine breeds in danger of extinction named Cachena, Caldelá, Limiá, Frieires... more A set of five local bovine breeds in danger of extinction named Cachena, Caldelá, Limiá, Frieiresa, and Vianesa and included in the group of Morenas Gallegas are located in the Autonomous Community of Galicia at the Northwest of Spain. Local authorities launched a conservation plan at the end of the 21th century in order to preserve this important genetic reservoir. However, Morenas Gallegas bovine breeds never have been analyzed with genomic tools and this information may be crucial to develop conservation plans. The aim of the study was to analyze their genetic diversity and genetic relationships with a set of local and cosmopolitan European bovine breeds using single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results show own genetic signatures for the Morenas Gallegas breeds which form a separate cluster when compared to the Spanish breeds analyzed, with the exception of the Cachena breed. The genetic diversity levels of the Morenas Gallegas were intermediate or high, and low inbreeding coef...
Scientific Reports, 2020
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the pa... more An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Diversity, 2019
Human concern about the status of genetic diversity in livestock breeds and their conservation ha... more Human concern about the status of genetic diversity in livestock breeds and their conservation has increased, as intense selection and reduced population sizes in many breeds has caused losses on the global livestock genetic biodiversity. Traditionally, pedigree data provided by the breeders were used to estimate genetic diversity parameters, but over the past decades, technology has made possible the development of genomic markers. The result has been new opportunities to estimate genetic diversity in more detail, and to improve selection as well as prioritizing animals for conservation of genetic resources. The aim of the review is to summarize the evolution of livestock genomic markers and to explore the potential of the newest high-throughput technologies for estimation and conservation of livestock genetic diversity. More accurate diversity parameters are observed when genomic information is used for selection decisions instead of the traditional estimates using pedigree data. ...
Scientific Reports, 2019
Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discov... more Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discovery and colonization to originate Creole breeds, which adapted to a wide diversity of environments and later received influences from other origins, including zebu cattle in more recent years. We analyzed uniparental genetic markers and autosomal microsatellites in DNA samples from 114 cattle breeds distributed worldwide, including 40 Creole breeds representing the whole American continent, and samples from the Iberian Peninsula, British islands, Continental Europe, Africa and American zebu. We show that Creole breeds differ considerably from each other, and most have their own identity or group with others from neighboring regions. Results with mtDNA indicate that T1c-lineages are rare in Iberia but common in Africa and are well represented in Creoles from Brazil and Colombia, lending support to a direct African influence on Creoles. This is reinforced by the sharing of a unique Y-haplo...
Livestock Science, 2018
Genetic drift, loss of heterozygosity and decrease in genetic variability are consequences of hig... more Genetic drift, loss of heterozygosity and decrease in genetic variability are consequences of high rates of inbreeding over generations.. High density single nucleotide polymorphisms arrays offered new possibilities to estimate inbreeding coefficients more accurately than those from pedigree records or microsatellites genotypes. In the present study different inbreeding coefficients were estimated and compared from SNP data: (1) runs of homozygosity of different length (>1Mb, > 4Mb, > 8Mb and > 16Mb), (2) inbreeding coefficients based on the observed vs. expected number of homozygous genotypes and (3) standardized observed homozygosity, from pedigree records and from three microsatellite derived diverse metrics. SNP inbreeding coefficients ranging from 0.14 to 0.26 and shown correlations ≥ 0.84 among them. The correlation among SNP and pedigree inbreeding coefficients was moderate ranged from 0.37 to 0.5 and low than the expected correlation. The limited pedigree depth of the Lidia cattle breed as revealed the average number of equivalent complete generations (5.5) probably explain that the higher correlation coefficient with pedigree records was with the runs of homozygosity of high length (>16Mb). Also, the absence of identity disequilibrium on our molecular data could explain the moderate correlation values (0.43-0.54 in absolute values) among microsatellite derived metrics and SNP inbreeding coefficients.
Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 2017
SummaryCriollo horse populations descend from horses brought from the Iberian Peninsula over the ... more SummaryCriollo horse populations descend from horses brought from the Iberian Peninsula over the period of colonization (15th to 17th century). They are spread throughout the Americas and have potentially undergone genetic hybridization with other breeds in the recent past. In this study, 25 autosomal microsatellites were genotyped in 50 horse breeds representing Criollo populations from 12 American countries (27 breeds), breeds from the Iberian Peninsula (19), one breed each from France and Morocco and two cosmopolitan horse breeds (Thoroughbred and Arabian). The genetic relationships among breeds identified five clusters: Celtic; Iberian; North American with Thoroughbred influence; most Colombian breeds; and nearly all other Criollo breeds. The group of “all other Criollo breeds” had the closest genetic relationship with breeds originating from the Iberian Peninsula, specifically with the Celtic group. For the whole set of Criollo breeds analysed, the estimated genetic contributio...
Heredity, 2016
for the BioPig Consortium 10 Criollo pig breeds are descendants from pigs brought to the American... more for the BioPig Consortium 10 Criollo pig breeds are descendants from pigs brought to the American continent starting with Columbus second trip in 1493. Pigs currently play a key role in social economy and community cultural identity in Latin America. The aim of this study was to establish conservation priorities among a comprehensive group of Criollo pig breeds based on a set of 24 microsatellite markers and using different criteria. Spain and Portugal pig breeds, wild boar populations of different European geographic origins and commercial pig breeds were included in the analysis as potential genetic influences in the development of Criollo pig breeds. Different methods, differing in the weight given to within-and between-breed genetic variability, were used in order to estimate the contribution of each breed to global genetic diversity. As expected, the partial contribution to total heterozygosity gave high priority to Criollo pig breeds, whereas Weitzman procedures prioritized Iberian Peninsula breeds. With the combined within-and between-breed approaches, different conservation priorities were achieved. The Core Set methodologies highly prioritized Criollo pig breeds (Cr. Boliviano, Cr. Pacifico, Cr. Cubano and Cr. Guadalupe). However, weighing the between-and within-breed components with F ST and 1-F ST , respectively, resulted in higher contributions of Iberian breeds. In spite of the different conservation priorities according to the methodology used, other factors in addition to genetic information also need to be considered in conservation programmes, such as the economic, cultural or historical value of the breeds involved.
Signo Y Pensamiento, Jul 27, 2012
Se relaciona la información histórica que existe del origen de las actuales ganaderías de la Unió... more Se relaciona la información histórica que existe del origen de las actuales ganaderías de la Unión de Criadores de Toros de Lidia y la información genética que se obtiene utilizando marcadores del tipo microsatélite ubicados en autosomas. Se estima el número de grupos genéticos que tiene mayor soporte estadístico con la información disponible, 1640 animales pertenecientes a 77 ganaderías y 24 microsatélites con 234 variantes alélicas. Utilizando los porcentajes de genoma que comparten los diferentes grupos genéticos calculados mediante un modelo que considera el número de grupos genéticos más verosímil, se calcula la distancia genética entre las parejas de ganaderías y se representan mediante un algoritmo neighbor-joining. Se discute la posición que ocupan en el árbol los principales grupos de ganaderías.
Meat science, 2013
Understanding which are the genetic variants underlying the nutritional and sensory properties of... more Understanding which are the genetic variants underlying the nutritional and sensory properties of beef, enables improvement in meat quality. The aim of this study is to identify new molecular markers for meat quality through an association study using candidate genes included in the PPARG and PPARGC1A networks given their master role in coordinating metabolic adaptation in fat tissue, muscle and liver. Amongst the novel associations found in this study, selection of the positive marker variants of genes such as BCL3, LPL, PPARG, SCAP, and SCD will improve meat organoleptic characteristics and health by balancing the n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio in meat. Also previous results on GDF8 and DGAT1 were validated, and the novel ATF4, HNF4A and PPARGC1A associations, although slightly under the significance threshold, are consistent with their physiological roles. These data contribute insights into the complex gene-networks underlying economically important traits.
Livestock Science, 2014
The aim of the study was to analyze the pedigree information of the Lidia bovine breed based on a... more The aim of the study was to analyze the pedigree information of the Lidia bovine breed based on animals registered in the Herdbook and belonging to those lineages recognized as conforming to the official breed standard. Pedigree records of 272,574 animals belonging to 83 herds classified in 30 lineages were used. The average number of equivalent generations known was 4.5 (varying among lineages from 4 in Braganza to 5.2 in Baltasar Iban). The generation interval (7.5 years) was longer than that estimated in other cattle breeds. The effective size was less than 50 and consequently the estimated increase in inbreeding per generation was greater than 1% in all the lineages analyzed. The increase in inbreeding level expected for the next 50 years varied from 7.4% in Braganza to 31.3% in Diego Garrido. The ratios among the effective number of founders, the effective number of ancestors and the effective number of founder genomes was considered evidence that genetic drift explained most of the loss of genetic variability in the Lidia bovine breed due to the reduced effective population sizes of the lineages, more than bottlenecks did, as they have been less dramatic. The lineage allele loss due to the genetic drift and the effect of inbreeding are the major concerns in managing the genetic diversity of the Lidia bovine breed. The analysis of pedigree information still remains as the main useful resource to establish genetic diversity conservation guidelines in the Lidia bovine breed. Minimizing inbreeding increase within lineages in the subdivided Lidia breed must be the major concern in managing the genetic diversity of this breed.
Livestock Science, 2014
Cattle meat provides essential nutrients necessary for a balanced diet and health preservation. B... more Cattle meat provides essential nutrients necessary for a balanced diet and health preservation. Besides nutritional quality, consumers' preferences are related to specific attributes such as tenderness, taste and flavour. The present study characterizes the fatty acid composition of beef, which is an important factor in both nutritional and quality values, in 15 European cattle breeds fed a similar diet and reared in five countries (United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Italy and Spain). The effect of possible slight differences on diet composition which might have occurred between countries were included in the breed effect which confounds country, diet, slaughter house and slaughter day as all individuals of a same breed were managed simultaneously. The wide range of breeds studied and the significant differences on lipid profile described here provide a broad characterization of beef meat, which allows giving a better response to the variety of consumers' preferences. Regarding meat health benefits, the groups that stand out are: the double-muscled animals, which displayed lower total fat, lower proportion of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids, and a higher proportion of polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids; and Limousin and Charolais breeds with a significantly higher conversion of 18:3n-3 PUFA to the long chain 22:6n-3 PUFA.
Genetics Selection Evolution, 2013
Background: Determining the value of livestock breeds is essential to define conservation priorit... more Background: Determining the value of livestock breeds is essential to define conservation priorities, manage genetic diversity and allocate funds. Within-and between-breed genetic diversity need to be assessed to preserve the highest intra-specific variability. Information on genetic diversity and risk status is still lacking for many Creole cattle breeds from the Americas, despite their distinct evolutionary trajectories and adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. Methods: A comprehensive genetic analysis of 67 Iberoamerican cattle breeds was carried out with 19 FAOrecommended microsatellites to assess conservation priorities. Contributions to global diversity were investigated using alternative methods, with different weights given to the within-and between-breed components of genetic diversity. Information on Iberoamerican plus 15 worldwide cattle breeds was used to investigate the contribution of geographical breed groups to global genetic diversity. Results: Overall, Creole cattle breeds showed a high level of genetic diversity with the highest level found in breeds admixed with zebu cattle, which were clearly differentiated from all other breeds. Within-breed kinships revealed seven highly inbred Creole breeds for which measures are needed to avoid further genetic erosion. However, if contribution to heterozygosity was the only criterion considered, some of these breeds had the lowest priority for conservation decisions. The Weitzman approach prioritized highly differentiated breeds, such as Guabalá, Romosinuano, Cr. Patagonico, Siboney and Caracú, while kinship-based methods prioritized mainly zebu-related breeds. With the combined approaches, breed ranking depended on the weights given to the within-and between-breed components of diversity. Overall, the Creole groups of breeds were generally assigned a higher priority for conservation than the European groups of breeds. Conclusions: Conservation priorities differed significantly according to the weight given to within-and betweenbreed genetic diversity. Thus, when establishing conservation programs, it is necessary to also take into account other features. Creole cattle and local isolated breeds retain a high level of genetic diversity. The development of sustainable breeding and crossbreeding programs for Creole breeds, and the added value resulting from their products should be taken into consideration to ensure their long-term survival.
Archivos de Zootecnia, 2011
Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2012
In order to understand the genetic ancestry and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity of current Co... more In order to understand the genetic ancestry and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity of current Colombian horse breeds we sequenced a 364-bp fragment of the mitocondrial DNA D-loop in 116 animals belonging to five Spanish horse breeds and the Colombian Paso Fino and Colombian Creole cattle horse breeds. Among Colombian horse breeds, haplogroup D had the highest frequency (53%), followed by haplogroups A (19%), C (8%) and F (6%). The higher frequency of haplogroup D in Colombian horse breeds supports the theory of an ancestral Iberian origin for these breeds. These results also indicate that different selective pressures among the Colombian breeds could explain the relatively higher genetic diversity found in the Colombian Creole cattle horse when compared with the Colombian Paso Fino.
Diversity
Characterization, inventory and monitoring trends of animal genetic resources of local breeds are... more Characterization, inventory and monitoring trends of animal genetic resources of local breeds are crucial factors for the development of conservation strategies. Using genealogical information, the genetic diversity of five Spanish local bovine breeds located in the northwest of Spain in the region of Galicia, and called in the past Morenas Gallegas (Cachena, Caldelá, Frieiresa, Limiá and Vianesa), has been analysed. The results achieved a good quality of pedigree records in terms of integrity and deepness. In spite of the low census of the five breeds, (no more or even less than one thousand animals), the strategies developed for genetic diversity conservation since the end of the last century revealed positive results. An increase of generation intervals, the use of reproductive technologies and a higher animal exchange between herds are some strategies suggested to preserve the genetic diversity of the five Galician bovine breeds analysed
Ruminants
The status of genetic diversity, adaptation to climate change or the identification of genes asso... more The status of genetic diversity, adaptation to climate change or the identification of genes associated with traits of interest in livestock populations has been a major concern for scientists in the last decades. Biotechnology has evolved continuously, offering new tools and methodologies to analyse the genomes of livestock species. Biochemical markers or protein polymorphisms were the tools used for population studies many years ago, but over the last three decades the methodologies available to analyse livestock genomes have changed notably. The development of DNA molecular markers, especially microsatellites and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, opened new possibilities for a better understanding of livestock genomes, unthinkable until recently. However, Whole-Genome Sequencing technologies or genome editing techniques are changing the way to analyse or interact with the genomes, even before full advantage can be taken of all the possibilities open by the last group of molecular ...
RVGP 18, 2020
© 2020 IVAP. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia C... more © 2020 IVAP. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada (by-nc-nd) Laburpena: Adimen artifiziala da gaur egungo teknologien artean bultzadarik handiena duenetako bat. Azterlan honen xedea da horren erronka batzuen hausnarketa bat eskaintzea Administrazio Publikoan aplikatzeko. Alde batetik, abiadura-palanka gisa duen gaitasunaren ikuspuntutik, sektore publikoa den bezalako ekosistema juridikoan; beste alde batetik, administrazio-sistemetan bere garapena bideragarri egiteko suertatzen diren galderei erantzuteko beharretik. Horretarako, aztertuko da nola aldaketa teknologiko berriek lege-moldaketekin batera etorri diren maila publikoan bideragarritasuna emateko; aurkeztuko dira algoritmoen aukera eta ziurgabetasun batzuk Administrazioaren teknologia eraldatzaile bezala; azkenik, deskribatuko dira aspektu juridiko batzuk beharrezkoak direnak ezapen ziurra eta etikoa lortzeko eta aztertuko dira administrazio-prozedura automatizatu posible baten elementurik aipagarrienak. Gako-hitzak: algoritmoak, aldaketa, administrazio-eskubide digitala, adimen artifiziala, administrazio-prozedura automatizatua. Resumen: La inteligencia artificial es ya hoy una de las tecnologías con mayor potencial. El presente estudio tiene por objeto ofrecer una reflexión sobre algunos de los retos para su aplicación en la Administración pública. Por un lado, desde el punto de vista de su capacidad como palanca de cambio en un ecosistema jurídico como el sector público; por otro, desde la necesidad de abordar algunos de los interrogantes que surgen para hacer viable su desarrollo en los sistemas administrativos. Para ello, se analizará cómo los recientes cambios tecnológicos han venido acompañados de modificaciones legales para dotarles de viabilidad en el ámbito público, se mostrarán algunas de las oportunidades e incertidumbres de los algoritmos como tecnologías transformadoras en la Administración, se describirán algunos de los aspectos jurídicos que es necesario abordar para su segura implantación ética y jurídica y se analizarán algunos de los elementos más destacados de un posible procedimiento administrativo automatizado. Palabras clave: algoritmos, cambio, derecho administrativo digital, inteligencia artificial, procedimiento administrativo automatizado.
Se implemento1 un sistema de instrumentacion para el invernadero de la unidad agroecologica La Al... more Se implemento1 un sistema de instrumentacion para el invernadero de la unidad agroecologica La Aldana de la Universidad del Quindio, que consiste en la medicion de variables fisicas como temperatura, humedad2 relativa y humedad del suelo. Estas variables son visualizadas en el interior del invernadero y paralelamente son monitoreadas inalambricamente a traves de una herramienta computacional en una estacion remota ubicada a 20 m del invernadero; ademas se diseno un control por histeresis para la activacion de una electrovalvula que permite el paso de agua para el sistema de riego por goteo instalado en el invernadero.
Animals, 2020
A set of five local bovine breeds in danger of extinction named Cachena, Caldelá, Limiá, Frieires... more A set of five local bovine breeds in danger of extinction named Cachena, Caldelá, Limiá, Frieiresa, and Vianesa and included in the group of Morenas Gallegas are located in the Autonomous Community of Galicia at the Northwest of Spain. Local authorities launched a conservation plan at the end of the 21th century in order to preserve this important genetic reservoir. However, Morenas Gallegas bovine breeds never have been analyzed with genomic tools and this information may be crucial to develop conservation plans. The aim of the study was to analyze their genetic diversity and genetic relationships with a set of local and cosmopolitan European bovine breeds using single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results show own genetic signatures for the Morenas Gallegas breeds which form a separate cluster when compared to the Spanish breeds analyzed, with the exception of the Cachena breed. The genetic diversity levels of the Morenas Gallegas were intermediate or high, and low inbreeding coef...
Scientific Reports, 2020
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the pa... more An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Diversity, 2019
Human concern about the status of genetic diversity in livestock breeds and their conservation ha... more Human concern about the status of genetic diversity in livestock breeds and their conservation has increased, as intense selection and reduced population sizes in many breeds has caused losses on the global livestock genetic biodiversity. Traditionally, pedigree data provided by the breeders were used to estimate genetic diversity parameters, but over the past decades, technology has made possible the development of genomic markers. The result has been new opportunities to estimate genetic diversity in more detail, and to improve selection as well as prioritizing animals for conservation of genetic resources. The aim of the review is to summarize the evolution of livestock genomic markers and to explore the potential of the newest high-throughput technologies for estimation and conservation of livestock genetic diversity. More accurate diversity parameters are observed when genomic information is used for selection decisions instead of the traditional estimates using pedigree data. ...
Scientific Reports, 2019
Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discov... more Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discovery and colonization to originate Creole breeds, which adapted to a wide diversity of environments and later received influences from other origins, including zebu cattle in more recent years. We analyzed uniparental genetic markers and autosomal microsatellites in DNA samples from 114 cattle breeds distributed worldwide, including 40 Creole breeds representing the whole American continent, and samples from the Iberian Peninsula, British islands, Continental Europe, Africa and American zebu. We show that Creole breeds differ considerably from each other, and most have their own identity or group with others from neighboring regions. Results with mtDNA indicate that T1c-lineages are rare in Iberia but common in Africa and are well represented in Creoles from Brazil and Colombia, lending support to a direct African influence on Creoles. This is reinforced by the sharing of a unique Y-haplo...
Livestock Science, 2018
Genetic drift, loss of heterozygosity and decrease in genetic variability are consequences of hig... more Genetic drift, loss of heterozygosity and decrease in genetic variability are consequences of high rates of inbreeding over generations.. High density single nucleotide polymorphisms arrays offered new possibilities to estimate inbreeding coefficients more accurately than those from pedigree records or microsatellites genotypes. In the present study different inbreeding coefficients were estimated and compared from SNP data: (1) runs of homozygosity of different length (>1Mb, > 4Mb, > 8Mb and > 16Mb), (2) inbreeding coefficients based on the observed vs. expected number of homozygous genotypes and (3) standardized observed homozygosity, from pedigree records and from three microsatellite derived diverse metrics. SNP inbreeding coefficients ranging from 0.14 to 0.26 and shown correlations ≥ 0.84 among them. The correlation among SNP and pedigree inbreeding coefficients was moderate ranged from 0.37 to 0.5 and low than the expected correlation. The limited pedigree depth of the Lidia cattle breed as revealed the average number of equivalent complete generations (5.5) probably explain that the higher correlation coefficient with pedigree records was with the runs of homozygosity of high length (>16Mb). Also, the absence of identity disequilibrium on our molecular data could explain the moderate correlation values (0.43-0.54 in absolute values) among microsatellite derived metrics and SNP inbreeding coefficients.
Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 2017
SummaryCriollo horse populations descend from horses brought from the Iberian Peninsula over the ... more SummaryCriollo horse populations descend from horses brought from the Iberian Peninsula over the period of colonization (15th to 17th century). They are spread throughout the Americas and have potentially undergone genetic hybridization with other breeds in the recent past. In this study, 25 autosomal microsatellites were genotyped in 50 horse breeds representing Criollo populations from 12 American countries (27 breeds), breeds from the Iberian Peninsula (19), one breed each from France and Morocco and two cosmopolitan horse breeds (Thoroughbred and Arabian). The genetic relationships among breeds identified five clusters: Celtic; Iberian; North American with Thoroughbred influence; most Colombian breeds; and nearly all other Criollo breeds. The group of “all other Criollo breeds” had the closest genetic relationship with breeds originating from the Iberian Peninsula, specifically with the Celtic group. For the whole set of Criollo breeds analysed, the estimated genetic contributio...
Heredity, 2016
for the BioPig Consortium 10 Criollo pig breeds are descendants from pigs brought to the American... more for the BioPig Consortium 10 Criollo pig breeds are descendants from pigs brought to the American continent starting with Columbus second trip in 1493. Pigs currently play a key role in social economy and community cultural identity in Latin America. The aim of this study was to establish conservation priorities among a comprehensive group of Criollo pig breeds based on a set of 24 microsatellite markers and using different criteria. Spain and Portugal pig breeds, wild boar populations of different European geographic origins and commercial pig breeds were included in the analysis as potential genetic influences in the development of Criollo pig breeds. Different methods, differing in the weight given to within-and between-breed genetic variability, were used in order to estimate the contribution of each breed to global genetic diversity. As expected, the partial contribution to total heterozygosity gave high priority to Criollo pig breeds, whereas Weitzman procedures prioritized Iberian Peninsula breeds. With the combined within-and between-breed approaches, different conservation priorities were achieved. The Core Set methodologies highly prioritized Criollo pig breeds (Cr. Boliviano, Cr. Pacifico, Cr. Cubano and Cr. Guadalupe). However, weighing the between-and within-breed components with F ST and 1-F ST , respectively, resulted in higher contributions of Iberian breeds. In spite of the different conservation priorities according to the methodology used, other factors in addition to genetic information also need to be considered in conservation programmes, such as the economic, cultural or historical value of the breeds involved.
Signo Y Pensamiento, Jul 27, 2012
Se relaciona la información histórica que existe del origen de las actuales ganaderías de la Unió... more Se relaciona la información histórica que existe del origen de las actuales ganaderías de la Unión de Criadores de Toros de Lidia y la información genética que se obtiene utilizando marcadores del tipo microsatélite ubicados en autosomas. Se estima el número de grupos genéticos que tiene mayor soporte estadístico con la información disponible, 1640 animales pertenecientes a 77 ganaderías y 24 microsatélites con 234 variantes alélicas. Utilizando los porcentajes de genoma que comparten los diferentes grupos genéticos calculados mediante un modelo que considera el número de grupos genéticos más verosímil, se calcula la distancia genética entre las parejas de ganaderías y se representan mediante un algoritmo neighbor-joining. Se discute la posición que ocupan en el árbol los principales grupos de ganaderías.
Meat science, 2013
Understanding which are the genetic variants underlying the nutritional and sensory properties of... more Understanding which are the genetic variants underlying the nutritional and sensory properties of beef, enables improvement in meat quality. The aim of this study is to identify new molecular markers for meat quality through an association study using candidate genes included in the PPARG and PPARGC1A networks given their master role in coordinating metabolic adaptation in fat tissue, muscle and liver. Amongst the novel associations found in this study, selection of the positive marker variants of genes such as BCL3, LPL, PPARG, SCAP, and SCD will improve meat organoleptic characteristics and health by balancing the n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio in meat. Also previous results on GDF8 and DGAT1 were validated, and the novel ATF4, HNF4A and PPARGC1A associations, although slightly under the significance threshold, are consistent with their physiological roles. These data contribute insights into the complex gene-networks underlying economically important traits.
Livestock Science, 2014
The aim of the study was to analyze the pedigree information of the Lidia bovine breed based on a... more The aim of the study was to analyze the pedigree information of the Lidia bovine breed based on animals registered in the Herdbook and belonging to those lineages recognized as conforming to the official breed standard. Pedigree records of 272,574 animals belonging to 83 herds classified in 30 lineages were used. The average number of equivalent generations known was 4.5 (varying among lineages from 4 in Braganza to 5.2 in Baltasar Iban). The generation interval (7.5 years) was longer than that estimated in other cattle breeds. The effective size was less than 50 and consequently the estimated increase in inbreeding per generation was greater than 1% in all the lineages analyzed. The increase in inbreeding level expected for the next 50 years varied from 7.4% in Braganza to 31.3% in Diego Garrido. The ratios among the effective number of founders, the effective number of ancestors and the effective number of founder genomes was considered evidence that genetic drift explained most of the loss of genetic variability in the Lidia bovine breed due to the reduced effective population sizes of the lineages, more than bottlenecks did, as they have been less dramatic. The lineage allele loss due to the genetic drift and the effect of inbreeding are the major concerns in managing the genetic diversity of the Lidia bovine breed. The analysis of pedigree information still remains as the main useful resource to establish genetic diversity conservation guidelines in the Lidia bovine breed. Minimizing inbreeding increase within lineages in the subdivided Lidia breed must be the major concern in managing the genetic diversity of this breed.
Livestock Science, 2014
Cattle meat provides essential nutrients necessary for a balanced diet and health preservation. B... more Cattle meat provides essential nutrients necessary for a balanced diet and health preservation. Besides nutritional quality, consumers' preferences are related to specific attributes such as tenderness, taste and flavour. The present study characterizes the fatty acid composition of beef, which is an important factor in both nutritional and quality values, in 15 European cattle breeds fed a similar diet and reared in five countries (United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Italy and Spain). The effect of possible slight differences on diet composition which might have occurred between countries were included in the breed effect which confounds country, diet, slaughter house and slaughter day as all individuals of a same breed were managed simultaneously. The wide range of breeds studied and the significant differences on lipid profile described here provide a broad characterization of beef meat, which allows giving a better response to the variety of consumers' preferences. Regarding meat health benefits, the groups that stand out are: the double-muscled animals, which displayed lower total fat, lower proportion of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids, and a higher proportion of polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids; and Limousin and Charolais breeds with a significantly higher conversion of 18:3n-3 PUFA to the long chain 22:6n-3 PUFA.
Genetics Selection Evolution, 2013
Background: Determining the value of livestock breeds is essential to define conservation priorit... more Background: Determining the value of livestock breeds is essential to define conservation priorities, manage genetic diversity and allocate funds. Within-and between-breed genetic diversity need to be assessed to preserve the highest intra-specific variability. Information on genetic diversity and risk status is still lacking for many Creole cattle breeds from the Americas, despite their distinct evolutionary trajectories and adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. Methods: A comprehensive genetic analysis of 67 Iberoamerican cattle breeds was carried out with 19 FAOrecommended microsatellites to assess conservation priorities. Contributions to global diversity were investigated using alternative methods, with different weights given to the within-and between-breed components of genetic diversity. Information on Iberoamerican plus 15 worldwide cattle breeds was used to investigate the contribution of geographical breed groups to global genetic diversity. Results: Overall, Creole cattle breeds showed a high level of genetic diversity with the highest level found in breeds admixed with zebu cattle, which were clearly differentiated from all other breeds. Within-breed kinships revealed seven highly inbred Creole breeds for which measures are needed to avoid further genetic erosion. However, if contribution to heterozygosity was the only criterion considered, some of these breeds had the lowest priority for conservation decisions. The Weitzman approach prioritized highly differentiated breeds, such as Guabalá, Romosinuano, Cr. Patagonico, Siboney and Caracú, while kinship-based methods prioritized mainly zebu-related breeds. With the combined approaches, breed ranking depended on the weights given to the within-and between-breed components of diversity. Overall, the Creole groups of breeds were generally assigned a higher priority for conservation than the European groups of breeds. Conclusions: Conservation priorities differed significantly according to the weight given to within-and betweenbreed genetic diversity. Thus, when establishing conservation programs, it is necessary to also take into account other features. Creole cattle and local isolated breeds retain a high level of genetic diversity. The development of sustainable breeding and crossbreeding programs for Creole breeds, and the added value resulting from their products should be taken into consideration to ensure their long-term survival.
Archivos de Zootecnia, 2011