Hiro Obaid - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hiro Obaid

NTU Journal of Pure Sciences, Apr 1, 2023

Trichomoniasis has emerged as the most common sexually transmitted disease, and limited data is a... more Trichomoniasis has emerged as the most common sexually transmitted disease, and limited data is available on the effective screening technique for the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis). This study aimed to compare the ability of two culture media (InPouch TV and Diamond's) to support the growth of clinical isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis and their relative sensitivity for detection of the organism. A total of 343 patients complaining of vaginal discharge of 293 women and urine sample of 50 men were included in the study. From December 2021 to May 2022, from Azadi Teaching Hospital, Private clinics, and Midwifery and Childbearing Hospital in Kirkuk. Three vaginal swabs and a urine sample were screened for trichomoniasis by wet mount microscopy. Diamond Media Culture and Pouch TV were used. The 343 cases studied, 6 women and 1 man were positive by wet mount microscopy, which means 7 (2%) and 336 (98%) were negative. Sterile vaginal swab with centrifugation and urine samples had the highest rate of specificity (85%) to detect TV compared to vaginal swab without centrifugation and Amies Gel Transport Media (AGT) media, which had a lower sensitivity (33% and 16%), respectively. Inpouch TV media was the best culture to grow TV and remained for 10 days, but Local Diamond Modified Media (LDMM) had a poor result for growth of trichomonas vaginalis and only remained alive for 2 days. According to our experiment, the most successful routes of detection are urine and vaginal swab with centrifugation, and Inpouch TV is the unique culture for growth and better than LDMM.

Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Dec 4, 2023

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Intern... more This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Medical journal of Babylon/Maǧallaẗ bābil al-ṭibbiyyaẗ, Dec 1, 2023

Medical journal of Babylon/Maǧallaẗ bābil al-ṭibbiyyaẗ, Dec 1, 2023

Medical journal of Babylon/Maǧallaẗ bābil al-ṭibbiyyaẗ, Dec 1, 2023

NTU Journal of Pure Sciences, Apr 1, 2023

Chemotherapy with drugs such as Metronidazole (MTZ) derivative products is currently the preferre... more Chemotherapy with drugs such as Metronidazole (MTZ) derivative products is currently the preferred treatment for giardiasis. However, these agents have been linked to a variety of negative side effects, varying from nausea to probable geno toxicity. Aim of this study to conduct an in vitro study on the efficiency of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) biosynthesized by green ecofriendly method using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli against Giardia trophozoites. Methods Silver and Zinc oxide NPs formation was confirmed based on ability of selected bacteria to biosynthesized these NPs. The particle size arranges of (29.5 nm) for Ag P. aeruginosa and (32 nm) for Ag E. coli. Particle size of ZnO for P. aeruginosa was (25 nm) and (29.7nm) for E. coli. Giardia trophozoites cultivated on HSP-1 media were subjected to different concentration of biosynthesized NPs at (0.025, 0.050, 0.075 mg/ml) for (24, 48, 72 hrs.). Significant reduction (P<0.05) in trophozoite number was recorded by the two groups of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles for both bacteria and was 91% for Ag NPs for both E. coli and P. aeruginosa and 73% for ZnO for both bacteria at concentration of 0.075mg/ml after 72 hrs. Morphological difference appeared as destructive with the release of the cytoplasm outside. The cytotoxic effects of Ag and ZnO NPs on Giardia lamblia trophozoite exceeded that of metronidazole, these particles can be recommended for use, especially at higher concentrations that lead to total death rates.

Cogent Social Sciences, Nov 26, 2023

Infekciâ i Immunitet, Apr 1, 2023

Статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 The article can be used under the Cr... more Статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 The article can be used under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License Оригинальные статьи Original articles

مجلة الكتاب للعلوم الصرفة, Oct 10, 2018

Pin worm is a nematode distributed worldwide. It infects all ages and sexes especially children, ... more Pin worm is a nematode distributed worldwide. It infects all ages and sexes especially children, but the infection is still of a very little of concern. Different diagnostic methods were used for investigating Enterobius vermicularis prevalence in 1020 patients (500 male and 520 female) in Kirkuk city. Stool samples were collected and proceeded for General Stool Examination (GSE).The overall incidence of E. vermicularis was 34.6 %. A rate of 5.3% was detected microscopically, 5.9% by swab method, 26% by cellophane tape and 41% macroscopically by detecting the larva and adult worm with naked eye. The worm was prevalent in all ages. High rate (27%) of infested person has been infected for 7-10 years. Significantly strong relation had appeared between E. vermicularis infection and appendicitis and fallopian tube obstruction. 49.5% of infected individuals had appendicitis and 27.4% had fallopian tube obstruction, a rate of 48.4% of tubular obstructed women were infertile.12.2% of E. vermicularis infected patients had Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). All used anti-helminthic drugs were not effective against the infection. The conclusion is: high percentage of Kirkuk population is infected with E. vermicularis but most of these cases were not diagnosed. E. vermicularis infection can led to appendicitis or tubular obstruction especially in chronic cases. Therefore, parents are recommended to treat their children, especially females as soon as they recognize the infection, to preserve the future complications that might be caused by the worm as fallopian tube obstruction and infertility.

Iraqi journal of science, Jul 1, 2018

leishmaniasis is a disease of global concern, Leishmania types and distribution rates vary from c... more leishmaniasis is a disease of global concern, Leishmania types and distribution rates vary from country to another. For visceral leishmaniasis serum samples were examined by the kala-azar dipstick rapid test. Meanwhile smears were taken from lesions, air dried, fixed and Leishman stained then microscopically examined for amstigote stage in cutaneous leishmaniasis. From April 2014 to April 2015, 150 samples for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and 108 serum sample for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from in and out patients in Pediatric, Azadi Teaching and Kirkuk General Hospitals were examined. The incidence of visceral leishmaniasis was very low (2.7%) comparing to that in cutaneous leishmaniasis (64.6%). No significant differences had appeared between the cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in male or female. The most age group infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis in both genders was 5 ≤ years old, with rate of 26.1% in male and a rate of 15.8% in female. Significantly high frequency of the patients were presented with only one or two lesions with rate of 39.17, 25.7 % for each type of lesions respectively. The most location that infected with CL was hand (27.7%) and high rate of them being moist type (71.13%). In Kirkuk city CL is more prevalent than VL. High rate of CL is moist type locating in the limbs and face. The infection is more frequent in children than in adult. For CL a smear taken from the lesion is much worthy than a lesion blood sample or re aspirated saline injected to the lesion.

Maǧallaẗ ǧāmiʻaẗ kirkūk, Sep 28, 2016

Amoebiasis is an important parasitic disease in human. The two species Entamoeba histolytica and ... more Amoebiasis is an important parasitic disease in human. The two species Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar are morphologically identical but E. dispar is none pathogenic and is not associated with symptomatic amoebiasis. In this study, from July to December 2013, 397 (212 male, 185 female) stool samples from in and out patients in Kirkuk Azady Teaching Hospital were examined microscopically. 97 samples of them were positive for Entamoeba histolytica / dispar. Blood samples were collected from E. histolytica / dispar positive patients, and the sera were examined by ELISA for differentiating the two species and evaluating the IgG levels in their serum. The overall rate of E. histolytica / dispar detected microscopically was 24.4%, while when the positive samples examined by ELISA technique 89.7% of them were E. histolytica and 10.3% were considered to be E. disbar. The serum samples of 27.58% of the patients whom had E. histolytica were positive for IgG antibody. The most age group which was infected with E. histolytica / dispar in both sexes were 41-50 years with rates of 39.13, 34.6 % for each of males and females respectively. A significantly high frequency (62.9, 94.8 %) of E. histolytica / dispar positive samples were contained RBC and pus cells respectively for each cell type, and the highest rate (28.8, 39.1%) were for those samples contained three pluses respectively for each of RBC and pus cells. The conclusion is that there is a big necessity of a serology confirmatory test after microscopic detection of E. histolytica to avoid un necessary treatment.

Maǧallaẗ ǧāmiʻaẗ kirkūk, Mar 28, 2015

Malnutrition and infection with intestinal parasites are widespread in almost all developing coun... more Malnutrition and infection with intestinal parasites are widespread in almost all developing countries, high rate of people in the world are infected with protozoal and helminthes parasites. Most of cases are asymptomatic but some intestinal parasites can cause severe diarrhea and malnutrition problems. Four hundred and thirty children (257 male and 173 female) whom attended the parasitology section of Kirkuk General Pediatric and Azady Teaching Hospitals, were chosen for this study. Their ages were < 1-12 years. The weight and the height of each children were recorded. Stool samples were taken from them and examined microscopically for parasitic finding. The frequency of malnutrition was significantly more in males (29.9%) than in females (15.6%). The most age group which were more malnourished in both males and females were 8-11years. Although the number of inpatients (336) was higher than outpatients (94), but malnutrition showed no significant differences between them. The total malnourished children were 24%. Most of the normal malnourished children had body mass index (BMI) range of 13-16.9, while most of the moderate malnourished had BMI range of 13-14.9 and the sever malnourished BMI were 8-12.9.The most prevalent parasite in both sexes were Entamoeba histolytica followed by Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis nana, Enterobius vermicularis and Cryptosporidium parvum, and the lowest rate was for Ascaris lumbricoides. The most malnourished children were infected C. parvum with a rate of 60%, followed by E. histolytica and G. lamblia with rate of 18.7, 10.4% respectively, no malnutrition degree were noted with other parasites. A significantly high rate of malnourished children had parasitic infection (30%) comparing with the total malnourished number (104). Diarrhea was significantly related with malnutrition degree and with parasites. 60% of the total moderately

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Feb 10, 2019

journal of kerbala university, 2017

Mağallaẗ Tikrīt li-l-ʻulūm al-ṣirfaẗ, Feb 9, 2023

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is among the most community infections worldwide. Host factors such... more Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is among the most community infections worldwide. Host factors such as patients age and gender may influence the prevalence of the infection. In this study a total of 186 urine samples from patients)1-79 years(whom attended Azady Teaching Hospital at Kirkuk province, for UTIs disorders, were examined microscopically and cultured on suitable medias .The age group which were significantly more infected was 20-40 years with rate 21.1-34.9 %. The most common bacteria was Escherichia coli with rate of 60.3, 42.3% for each of females and males respectively. Followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among 13 antibiotics used for sensitivity test S. aureus and K. pneumonia were more resistance comparing with other bacteria, they were resistant to 6 antibiotics, followed by Streptococcus sp. which was resistant for five antibiotics. Proteus mirabilis was resistant for four antibiotics, each of E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Serratia sp. were resistant for only three antibiotics. The majority of isolates were sensitive to tobramycin ceftizoxime and ntrofurantion, followed by chloramphenicol and ampcillin.whereas, high level resistance was seen to augmentin amoxicillin and nalidixic acid. Pus, epithelia and R.B.C cells were more seen in samples infected with E. coli with rate of 80.3, 83.6, 45.9 % for each type of cells respectively, followed by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The most urine crystals was appeared in urine samples of patients infected with E. coli followed by P. aeruginosa K. pneumonia S. aureus. In urine samples with specific gravity 1.020-1.025 the most crystals seen was calcium oxalate followed by amorphus urate, calcium phosphate , while in urine samples with specific gravity 1.030 the only crystal seen was calcium carbonate. The PH of most urine samples were acidic (5.0-5.5, 6.0-6.5) with rate of 56.5, 43.5 % for each PH respectively. The PH of 70.5 % of the samples were acidic and 29.5% of them were 8.0-8.5. Calcium oxalate, amorphus urate and uric acid were seen in acidic urine samples, while in alkaline one calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, triple phosphate and amorphus phosphate were seen.

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, Mar 1, 2023

The carriage of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a source ... more The carriage of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a source of community-associated infections, particularly in the anterior nares of people worldwide. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of community-acquired S. aureus (CA-SA) and CA-MRSA nasal carriage among healthy individuals of various ages in Kirkuk City and evaluating the susceptibility of isolates to various antibiotics. A total of 597 healthy individuals were recruited in the community between December 1, 2021, and December 30, 2022. Nasal swabs obtained from participants were taken to the laboratory, where bacteria were isolated and identified using phenotypic characteristics. The MRSA isolates were identified by applying the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. The results showed that the prevalence of CA-SA and CA-MRSA nasal carriers was 16.6 and 4.5%, respectively. The average age of the participants was 33.2 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1: 1. The highest resistance of the isolates was observed against oxacillin (27.3%), followed by penicillin G (24.3%), amoxicillin (15.2%), erythromycin (12.1%), and tetracycline (6.1%). There was a 9.1% resistance rate to clindamycin, rifampin, gentamycin, and ciprofloxacin. However, all CA-MRSA isolates were multi-drug resistant. However, all the isolates were sensitive (100 %) to vancomycin, linezolid, and mupirocin. The findings of the present study highlight the potential for CA-SA and CA-MRSA acquisition in this population, which may be related to antibiotic abuse or overuse as well as poor hygiene. To lessen the impact of community-associated strains of MRSA nasal carriage, this necessitates the probable need for infection prevention measures and adequate antibiotic therapy.

Iraqi journal of science, Dec 30, 2017

Detergents or surfactant are chemical substances that used for cleaning purposes. The chemical co... more Detergents or surfactant are chemical substances that used for cleaning purposes. The chemical compositions of the detergents are varying greatly according to application demands and commercial competitive. The aim of the present study was to, investigate the effect of common substances, used by people in our area for cleaning vegetables and fruits. On killing some parasitic stages and also studying their histopathological effects on mice intestine. Four types of ordinary commercial detergents were used (Altunsa, Bonux, Ariel , ABC) at concentrations of 1.5, 3, 4.5 g\l against E. hitolytica , E. coli , G. lamblia cysts and H. nana eggs. The parasitic stages were incubated with the detergents used for 2, 5, 15, 30 minutes. In order to detect the efficacy of the detergents the incubated stages were administered to laboratory mice. Histological sections of mice intestinal parts were done to find out the histopathological effect of the detergents. The detergents varied in their actions on tested parasitic stages, the most effective was Ariel and ABC type followed by Bonux. The lowest efficacy was for Altunsa type. Incubating the parasitic stages with the detergent for 2 minutes had no impact with some detergents, while 5 minutes was enough for killing the stages with all detergents. The histopathological examination of intestinal parts had not revealed any dimorphty or changes comparing to the control group except in that leaved for more than 5 minutes. The conclusion is that some detergents can be used for cleaning vegetables, killing and removing parasitic stages. Detergents do not cause histopathological effects if its residues removed thoroughly and not leaved on vegetables for long period of time.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2000

Recent reports indicate that community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA... more Recent reports indicate that community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are increasing and may now involve persons without risk factors predisposing for acquisition. To estimate the extent of community MRSA in New York City, the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA nasal colonization in a well-patient population of 500 children and guardians was determined. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 35% for children and 28% for guardians. One person with predisposing risk factors was colonized with an MRSA, which was identified as the predominant clone found in New York City hospitals. A high degree of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strain diversity was noted, with no apparent selection for specific clonal types. Thus, MRSA colonization is not ubiquitous in persons without predisposing risk outside of the health care environment. Bacterial competition and a lack of strong selection may limit the community spread of MRSA and can account for its sporadic distribution.

Annals of parasitology, 2022

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

Северный технический университет, Колледж здравоохранения и медицинских технологий/Киркук, кафедр... more Северный технический университет, Колледж здравоохранения и медицинских технологий/Киркук, кафедра медицинских лабораторных технологий, Киркук, Ирак. 2 Киркукский университет, Научный колледж, химический факультет, Ирак. 3 Группа эволюции и межвидовой трансмиссии патогенов (GETIP), Отдел паразитов дикой природы и забытых паразитозов (Отдел паразитологии) Международного центра медицинских исследований Франсвиля (CIRMF) CIRMF, BP 769 Франсвиль, Габон.

NTU Journal of Pure Sciences, Apr 1, 2023

Trichomoniasis has emerged as the most common sexually transmitted disease, and limited data is a... more Trichomoniasis has emerged as the most common sexually transmitted disease, and limited data is available on the effective screening technique for the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis). This study aimed to compare the ability of two culture media (InPouch TV and Diamond's) to support the growth of clinical isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis and their relative sensitivity for detection of the organism. A total of 343 patients complaining of vaginal discharge of 293 women and urine sample of 50 men were included in the study. From December 2021 to May 2022, from Azadi Teaching Hospital, Private clinics, and Midwifery and Childbearing Hospital in Kirkuk. Three vaginal swabs and a urine sample were screened for trichomoniasis by wet mount microscopy. Diamond Media Culture and Pouch TV were used. The 343 cases studied, 6 women and 1 man were positive by wet mount microscopy, which means 7 (2%) and 336 (98%) were negative. Sterile vaginal swab with centrifugation and urine samples had the highest rate of specificity (85%) to detect TV compared to vaginal swab without centrifugation and Amies Gel Transport Media (AGT) media, which had a lower sensitivity (33% and 16%), respectively. Inpouch TV media was the best culture to grow TV and remained for 10 days, but Local Diamond Modified Media (LDMM) had a poor result for growth of trichomonas vaginalis and only remained alive for 2 days. According to our experiment, the most successful routes of detection are urine and vaginal swab with centrifugation, and Inpouch TV is the unique culture for growth and better than LDMM.

Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Dec 4, 2023

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Intern... more This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Medical journal of Babylon/Maǧallaẗ bābil al-ṭibbiyyaẗ, Dec 1, 2023

Medical journal of Babylon/Maǧallaẗ bābil al-ṭibbiyyaẗ, Dec 1, 2023

Medical journal of Babylon/Maǧallaẗ bābil al-ṭibbiyyaẗ, Dec 1, 2023

NTU Journal of Pure Sciences, Apr 1, 2023

Chemotherapy with drugs such as Metronidazole (MTZ) derivative products is currently the preferre... more Chemotherapy with drugs such as Metronidazole (MTZ) derivative products is currently the preferred treatment for giardiasis. However, these agents have been linked to a variety of negative side effects, varying from nausea to probable geno toxicity. Aim of this study to conduct an in vitro study on the efficiency of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) biosynthesized by green ecofriendly method using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli against Giardia trophozoites. Methods Silver and Zinc oxide NPs formation was confirmed based on ability of selected bacteria to biosynthesized these NPs. The particle size arranges of (29.5 nm) for Ag P. aeruginosa and (32 nm) for Ag E. coli. Particle size of ZnO for P. aeruginosa was (25 nm) and (29.7nm) for E. coli. Giardia trophozoites cultivated on HSP-1 media were subjected to different concentration of biosynthesized NPs at (0.025, 0.050, 0.075 mg/ml) for (24, 48, 72 hrs.). Significant reduction (P<0.05) in trophozoite number was recorded by the two groups of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles for both bacteria and was 91% for Ag NPs for both E. coli and P. aeruginosa and 73% for ZnO for both bacteria at concentration of 0.075mg/ml after 72 hrs. Morphological difference appeared as destructive with the release of the cytoplasm outside. The cytotoxic effects of Ag and ZnO NPs on Giardia lamblia trophozoite exceeded that of metronidazole, these particles can be recommended for use, especially at higher concentrations that lead to total death rates.

Cogent Social Sciences, Nov 26, 2023

Infekciâ i Immunitet, Apr 1, 2023

Статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 The article can be used under the Cr... more Статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 The article can be used under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License Оригинальные статьи Original articles

مجلة الكتاب للعلوم الصرفة, Oct 10, 2018

Pin worm is a nematode distributed worldwide. It infects all ages and sexes especially children, ... more Pin worm is a nematode distributed worldwide. It infects all ages and sexes especially children, but the infection is still of a very little of concern. Different diagnostic methods were used for investigating Enterobius vermicularis prevalence in 1020 patients (500 male and 520 female) in Kirkuk city. Stool samples were collected and proceeded for General Stool Examination (GSE).The overall incidence of E. vermicularis was 34.6 %. A rate of 5.3% was detected microscopically, 5.9% by swab method, 26% by cellophane tape and 41% macroscopically by detecting the larva and adult worm with naked eye. The worm was prevalent in all ages. High rate (27%) of infested person has been infected for 7-10 years. Significantly strong relation had appeared between E. vermicularis infection and appendicitis and fallopian tube obstruction. 49.5% of infected individuals had appendicitis and 27.4% had fallopian tube obstruction, a rate of 48.4% of tubular obstructed women were infertile.12.2% of E. vermicularis infected patients had Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). All used anti-helminthic drugs were not effective against the infection. The conclusion is: high percentage of Kirkuk population is infected with E. vermicularis but most of these cases were not diagnosed. E. vermicularis infection can led to appendicitis or tubular obstruction especially in chronic cases. Therefore, parents are recommended to treat their children, especially females as soon as they recognize the infection, to preserve the future complications that might be caused by the worm as fallopian tube obstruction and infertility.

Iraqi journal of science, Jul 1, 2018

leishmaniasis is a disease of global concern, Leishmania types and distribution rates vary from c... more leishmaniasis is a disease of global concern, Leishmania types and distribution rates vary from country to another. For visceral leishmaniasis serum samples were examined by the kala-azar dipstick rapid test. Meanwhile smears were taken from lesions, air dried, fixed and Leishman stained then microscopically examined for amstigote stage in cutaneous leishmaniasis. From April 2014 to April 2015, 150 samples for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and 108 serum sample for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from in and out patients in Pediatric, Azadi Teaching and Kirkuk General Hospitals were examined. The incidence of visceral leishmaniasis was very low (2.7%) comparing to that in cutaneous leishmaniasis (64.6%). No significant differences had appeared between the cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in male or female. The most age group infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis in both genders was 5 ≤ years old, with rate of 26.1% in male and a rate of 15.8% in female. Significantly high frequency of the patients were presented with only one or two lesions with rate of 39.17, 25.7 % for each type of lesions respectively. The most location that infected with CL was hand (27.7%) and high rate of them being moist type (71.13%). In Kirkuk city CL is more prevalent than VL. High rate of CL is moist type locating in the limbs and face. The infection is more frequent in children than in adult. For CL a smear taken from the lesion is much worthy than a lesion blood sample or re aspirated saline injected to the lesion.

Maǧallaẗ ǧāmiʻaẗ kirkūk, Sep 28, 2016

Amoebiasis is an important parasitic disease in human. The two species Entamoeba histolytica and ... more Amoebiasis is an important parasitic disease in human. The two species Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar are morphologically identical but E. dispar is none pathogenic and is not associated with symptomatic amoebiasis. In this study, from July to December 2013, 397 (212 male, 185 female) stool samples from in and out patients in Kirkuk Azady Teaching Hospital were examined microscopically. 97 samples of them were positive for Entamoeba histolytica / dispar. Blood samples were collected from E. histolytica / dispar positive patients, and the sera were examined by ELISA for differentiating the two species and evaluating the IgG levels in their serum. The overall rate of E. histolytica / dispar detected microscopically was 24.4%, while when the positive samples examined by ELISA technique 89.7% of them were E. histolytica and 10.3% were considered to be E. disbar. The serum samples of 27.58% of the patients whom had E. histolytica were positive for IgG antibody. The most age group which was infected with E. histolytica / dispar in both sexes were 41-50 years with rates of 39.13, 34.6 % for each of males and females respectively. A significantly high frequency (62.9, 94.8 %) of E. histolytica / dispar positive samples were contained RBC and pus cells respectively for each cell type, and the highest rate (28.8, 39.1%) were for those samples contained three pluses respectively for each of RBC and pus cells. The conclusion is that there is a big necessity of a serology confirmatory test after microscopic detection of E. histolytica to avoid un necessary treatment.

Maǧallaẗ ǧāmiʻaẗ kirkūk, Mar 28, 2015

Malnutrition and infection with intestinal parasites are widespread in almost all developing coun... more Malnutrition and infection with intestinal parasites are widespread in almost all developing countries, high rate of people in the world are infected with protozoal and helminthes parasites. Most of cases are asymptomatic but some intestinal parasites can cause severe diarrhea and malnutrition problems. Four hundred and thirty children (257 male and 173 female) whom attended the parasitology section of Kirkuk General Pediatric and Azady Teaching Hospitals, were chosen for this study. Their ages were < 1-12 years. The weight and the height of each children were recorded. Stool samples were taken from them and examined microscopically for parasitic finding. The frequency of malnutrition was significantly more in males (29.9%) than in females (15.6%). The most age group which were more malnourished in both males and females were 8-11years. Although the number of inpatients (336) was higher than outpatients (94), but malnutrition showed no significant differences between them. The total malnourished children were 24%. Most of the normal malnourished children had body mass index (BMI) range of 13-16.9, while most of the moderate malnourished had BMI range of 13-14.9 and the sever malnourished BMI were 8-12.9.The most prevalent parasite in both sexes were Entamoeba histolytica followed by Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis nana, Enterobius vermicularis and Cryptosporidium parvum, and the lowest rate was for Ascaris lumbricoides. The most malnourished children were infected C. parvum with a rate of 60%, followed by E. histolytica and G. lamblia with rate of 18.7, 10.4% respectively, no malnutrition degree were noted with other parasites. A significantly high rate of malnourished children had parasitic infection (30%) comparing with the total malnourished number (104). Diarrhea was significantly related with malnutrition degree and with parasites. 60% of the total moderately

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Feb 10, 2019

journal of kerbala university, 2017

Mağallaẗ Tikrīt li-l-ʻulūm al-ṣirfaẗ, Feb 9, 2023

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is among the most community infections worldwide. Host factors such... more Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is among the most community infections worldwide. Host factors such as patients age and gender may influence the prevalence of the infection. In this study a total of 186 urine samples from patients)1-79 years(whom attended Azady Teaching Hospital at Kirkuk province, for UTIs disorders, were examined microscopically and cultured on suitable medias .The age group which were significantly more infected was 20-40 years with rate 21.1-34.9 %. The most common bacteria was Escherichia coli with rate of 60.3, 42.3% for each of females and males respectively. Followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among 13 antibiotics used for sensitivity test S. aureus and K. pneumonia were more resistance comparing with other bacteria, they were resistant to 6 antibiotics, followed by Streptococcus sp. which was resistant for five antibiotics. Proteus mirabilis was resistant for four antibiotics, each of E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Serratia sp. were resistant for only three antibiotics. The majority of isolates were sensitive to tobramycin ceftizoxime and ntrofurantion, followed by chloramphenicol and ampcillin.whereas, high level resistance was seen to augmentin amoxicillin and nalidixic acid. Pus, epithelia and R.B.C cells were more seen in samples infected with E. coli with rate of 80.3, 83.6, 45.9 % for each type of cells respectively, followed by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The most urine crystals was appeared in urine samples of patients infected with E. coli followed by P. aeruginosa K. pneumonia S. aureus. In urine samples with specific gravity 1.020-1.025 the most crystals seen was calcium oxalate followed by amorphus urate, calcium phosphate , while in urine samples with specific gravity 1.030 the only crystal seen was calcium carbonate. The PH of most urine samples were acidic (5.0-5.5, 6.0-6.5) with rate of 56.5, 43.5 % for each PH respectively. The PH of 70.5 % of the samples were acidic and 29.5% of them were 8.0-8.5. Calcium oxalate, amorphus urate and uric acid were seen in acidic urine samples, while in alkaline one calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, triple phosphate and amorphus phosphate were seen.

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, Mar 1, 2023

The carriage of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a source ... more The carriage of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a source of community-associated infections, particularly in the anterior nares of people worldwide. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of community-acquired S. aureus (CA-SA) and CA-MRSA nasal carriage among healthy individuals of various ages in Kirkuk City and evaluating the susceptibility of isolates to various antibiotics. A total of 597 healthy individuals were recruited in the community between December 1, 2021, and December 30, 2022. Nasal swabs obtained from participants were taken to the laboratory, where bacteria were isolated and identified using phenotypic characteristics. The MRSA isolates were identified by applying the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. The results showed that the prevalence of CA-SA and CA-MRSA nasal carriers was 16.6 and 4.5%, respectively. The average age of the participants was 33.2 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1: 1. The highest resistance of the isolates was observed against oxacillin (27.3%), followed by penicillin G (24.3%), amoxicillin (15.2%), erythromycin (12.1%), and tetracycline (6.1%). There was a 9.1% resistance rate to clindamycin, rifampin, gentamycin, and ciprofloxacin. However, all CA-MRSA isolates were multi-drug resistant. However, all the isolates were sensitive (100 %) to vancomycin, linezolid, and mupirocin. The findings of the present study highlight the potential for CA-SA and CA-MRSA acquisition in this population, which may be related to antibiotic abuse or overuse as well as poor hygiene. To lessen the impact of community-associated strains of MRSA nasal carriage, this necessitates the probable need for infection prevention measures and adequate antibiotic therapy.

Iraqi journal of science, Dec 30, 2017

Detergents or surfactant are chemical substances that used for cleaning purposes. The chemical co... more Detergents or surfactant are chemical substances that used for cleaning purposes. The chemical compositions of the detergents are varying greatly according to application demands and commercial competitive. The aim of the present study was to, investigate the effect of common substances, used by people in our area for cleaning vegetables and fruits. On killing some parasitic stages and also studying their histopathological effects on mice intestine. Four types of ordinary commercial detergents were used (Altunsa, Bonux, Ariel , ABC) at concentrations of 1.5, 3, 4.5 g\l against E. hitolytica , E. coli , G. lamblia cysts and H. nana eggs. The parasitic stages were incubated with the detergents used for 2, 5, 15, 30 minutes. In order to detect the efficacy of the detergents the incubated stages were administered to laboratory mice. Histological sections of mice intestinal parts were done to find out the histopathological effect of the detergents. The detergents varied in their actions on tested parasitic stages, the most effective was Ariel and ABC type followed by Bonux. The lowest efficacy was for Altunsa type. Incubating the parasitic stages with the detergent for 2 minutes had no impact with some detergents, while 5 minutes was enough for killing the stages with all detergents. The histopathological examination of intestinal parts had not revealed any dimorphty or changes comparing to the control group except in that leaved for more than 5 minutes. The conclusion is that some detergents can be used for cleaning vegetables, killing and removing parasitic stages. Detergents do not cause histopathological effects if its residues removed thoroughly and not leaved on vegetables for long period of time.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2000

Recent reports indicate that community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA... more Recent reports indicate that community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are increasing and may now involve persons without risk factors predisposing for acquisition. To estimate the extent of community MRSA in New York City, the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA nasal colonization in a well-patient population of 500 children and guardians was determined. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 35% for children and 28% for guardians. One person with predisposing risk factors was colonized with an MRSA, which was identified as the predominant clone found in New York City hospitals. A high degree of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strain diversity was noted, with no apparent selection for specific clonal types. Thus, MRSA colonization is not ubiquitous in persons without predisposing risk outside of the health care environment. Bacterial competition and a lack of strong selection may limit the community spread of MRSA and can account for its sporadic distribution.

Annals of parasitology, 2022

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

Северный технический университет, Колледж здравоохранения и медицинских технологий/Киркук, кафедр... more Северный технический университет, Колледж здравоохранения и медицинских технологий/Киркук, кафедра медицинских лабораторных технологий, Киркук, Ирак. 2 Киркукский университет, Научный колледж, химический факультет, Ирак. 3 Группа эволюции и межвидовой трансмиссии патогенов (GETIP), Отдел паразитов дикой природы и забытых паразитозов (Отдел паразитологии) Международного центра медицинских исследований Франсвиля (CIRMF) CIRMF, BP 769 Франсвиль, Габон.