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Papers by Odekunle Bola Odegbemi

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization and neutralizing potential of plasma-derived immunoglobulins in hepatitis C virus patients in Auchi, Nigeria: Implications for passive immunization

Microbes and Infectious Diseases /Microbes and Infectious Diseases, Jul 3, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Drug resistance in HIV's interaction with reverse transcriptase and integrase strand transfer inhibitors among Nigerians attending a military Hhospital

Microbes and Infectious Diseases /Microbes and Infectious Diseases, Mar 8, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Hepatic Toxicity Assessment in HIV's Interaction with Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors at a Military Hospital, Southsouth Nigeria

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), May 1, 2024

doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by pee... more doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of possible healthcare associated infection pathogens at a military hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria, November, 2015

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and Determinants of Dengue Virus Immunoglobulin among Febrile Patients Attending Naval Medical Centre Victoria Island, Lagos State

Global Biosecurity

Background: Dengue fever, (df) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue virus. Infection ... more Background: Dengue fever, (df) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue virus. Infection with dengue virus is a major cause of morbidity in the tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. In about 60% of cases, it gives rise to undifferentiated fever which is clinically indistinguishable from other viral infections. Dengue fever is known to occur in Nigeria, but the magnitude of this disease remains unclear. This study was done to determine the prevalence and determinants of df immunoglobulins (Ig) among patients attending a military hospital in Lagos.Methods: Systematic random sampling was used to recruit participants. Study participants were patients presenting with febrile illness at Naval Medical Centre, Victoria Island, Lagos. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and 3 millilitres venous blood was drawn from each participant. Anti-dengue IgM and IgG was determined from whole blood using lateral flow chromatographic immunoa...

Research paper thumbnail of Infection prevention and control in a treatment centre during a Lassa fever outbreak in southeastern Nigeria - January, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Plasma Biochemical Changes During Moderate and Vigorous Exercises

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiology of Cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV infected patients in southwestern Nigeria

Global Biosecurity, 2019

Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection that presents diversely with no specific pa... more Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection that presents diversely with no specific pathognomonic features. Cryptococcal disease is one of the most important opportunistic infections and a significant contributor to early mortality in HIV infected subjects. Cryptococcal antigenemia occurs in Nigeria, but the magnitude of this disease remains unclear. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of CrAg among HIV infected and HIV seronegative subjects and to assess the relationship between CD4 count and CrAg in HIV-positive subjects attending

Research paper thumbnail of State’s preparedness for coordination of Lassa fever outbreak containment in Nigeria, April 2017

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Introduction : lassa fever (LF), an acute viral hemorrhagic fever is endemic in Nigeria with annu... more Introduction : lassa fever (LF), an acute viral hemorrhagic fever is endemic in Nigeria with annual recurrent outbreaks in different States and varying levels of mortality and morbidity. In order to prevent such episodes with better preparation for early detection and rapid control of the disease, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) evaluated Nigerian States’ level of preparedness with a view to defining areas with high disease burden and risk of outbreak. The aim of the study is to assess the level of preparedness for co-ordination of LF outbreak response activities across the states for informed decision and effective LF outbreak response, planning and implementing of high impact interventions. Methods : a self-administered LF preparedness questionnaire was filled by 37 State Epidemiologists including the Federal Capital Territory to assess national preparedness. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using Epi-Info 7.2. States were stratified into Very High Risk (VHR), High Risk (HR) and Low Risk (LR) based on having ≥10, 1 - 9 or zero confirmed cases respectively in 2016 and 2017. State-specific level of preparedness, based on a three-staged scoring system was categorized into: Inadequate, 0 - 49%; fairly adequate, 50 - 74%; and adequate ≥75% preparedness. Variables of interest were summarized in frequencies and proportions. Results : six (16.0%) states were classified as VHR, 18 (49.0%) were HR, while 13 (35.0%). Twenty-six states (70.3%) had an Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) while 24 (64.9%) can activate their EOCs within 48 hours. Thirty-two (86.5%) have Emergency Preparedness and Response (EPR) Committees. A maximum of 3 (50%) of VHR states had functional EOCs, ability to activate EOCs within 48 hours and EPR Committees, when compared with 13 - 15 HR and 9-12 LR states, respectively. On the state-specific level of preparedness for co-ordination, 16 states (43.2%) were inadequate, 9 (24.4%) fairly inadequate, and 12 (32.4%) adequate. Conclusion : preparedness for co-ordination of Lassa fever outbreak responses should be improved in all the states, especially the VHR and HR states, to reduce morbidity, mortality, economic cost and psychosocial effect associated with LF outbreaks in Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of possible healthcare associated infection pathogens at a military hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria, November, 2015

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Research paper thumbnail of Active case search for Avian influenza among human contacts of H5N1 infected poultry birds, Plateau State, Nigeria, March, 2017

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Research paper thumbnail of Active case search for Avian influenza among human contacts of H5N1 infected poultry birds, Plateau State, Nigeria, March, 2017

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Research paper thumbnail of Infection prevention and control in a treatment centre during a Lassa fever outbreak in southeastern Nigeria -January, 2018

Global Biosecurity, 2019

Introduction: Lassa fever (LF) is a communicable viral haemorrhagic disease. Person-to-person spr... more Introduction: Lassa fever (LF) is a communicable viral haemorrhagic disease. Person-to-person spread occurs by inhalation or direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected patient. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is essential in healthcare facilities for the wellbeing and safety of patients, staff and visitors. Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki is the designated treatment center for LF in Ebonyi State. We assessed IPC practices in this facility during the 2018 outbreak of LF involving healthcare workers.

Research paper thumbnail of Infection prevention and control in a treatment centre during a Lassa fever outbreak in southeastern Nigeria -January, 2018

Introduction: Lassa fever (LF) is a communicable viral haemorrhagic disease. Person-to-person spr... more Introduction: Lassa fever (LF) is a communicable viral haemorrhagic disease. Person-to-person spread occurs by inhalation or direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected patient. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is essential in healthcare facilities for the wellbeing and safety of patients, staff and visitors. Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki is the designated treatment center for LF in Ebonyi State. We assessed IPC practices in this facility during the 2018 outbreak of LF involving healthcare workers.

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiology of Cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV infected patients in southwestern Nigeria

Odegbemi, O.B., Dada-Adegbola, H.O., Adeoye, I.A. and Fayemiwo, S.A., 2019. Epidemiology of Cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV infected patients in southwestern Nigeria. Global Biosecurity, 1(3), p.None. , 2019

Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection that presents diversely with no specific pa... more Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection that presents diversely with no specific pathognomonic features. Cryptococcal disease is one of the most important opportunistic infections and a significant contributor to early mortality in HIV infected subjects. Cryptococcal antigenemia occurs in Nigeria, but the magnitude of this disease remains unclear. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of CrAg among HIV infected and HIV seronegative subjects and to assess the relationship between CD4 count and CrAg in HIV-positive subjects attending Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Yemetu, Ibadan. In a hospital-based case-control study using simple random sampling, 114 HIV-seropositive individuals (cases) and 228 HIV-seronegative individuals (controls) were recruited. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from subjects and retrospective review of CD4 count records in HIV infected subjects. Five millilitres of venous blood were collected from each participant. Serum Cryptococcal antigen testing was done using CrAg Lateral Flow Assay. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis at 5% level of significance. Mean age of cases was 41.2 ± 10.0 years and 85 (74.6%) were females while mean age of controls was 38.9 ± 13.7 years and 156 (68.4%) were females. The prevalence of CrAg among cases was 11.4% and 7.0% among controls. Cases were about two times more likely to test positive for CrAg. However, the association was not statistically significant (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 0.79-3.68). Individuals with CD4 counts of ≤100 cells/µl were 20 times more likely to have positive serum cryptococcal antigen than individuals with CD4 counts >100 cells/µl (OR: 20.3, 95%CI: 5.23-78.9). This study has demonstrated significant prevalence of Cryptococcal antigenemia among the study population; however, prevalence was significantly higher among cases. Screening for CrAg should therefore be part of routine tests amongst all confirmed HIV seropositive cases, since asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia predicts impending cryptococcal infection with probable mortality.

Research paper thumbnail of Plasma Biochemical Changes During Moderate and Vigorous Exercises

Physical exercise is beneficial at all ages but the biochemical basis of this is not completely k... more Physical exercise is beneficial at all ages but the biochemical basis of this is not completely known. Liver function tests, renal function tests, plasma lipid profiles and plasma glucose concentration were determined in 50 sedentary Nigerians, 50 Nigerians on moderate-exercise and 50 Nigerians on vigorous-exercise. The levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin, urea and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly elevated while the levels of Na+, K+, cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose were significantly reduced in vigorous exercising subjects compared with the controls. The level of AST was significantly increased while the levels of plasma TC, LDL-C and glucose were significantly reduced in moderate exercising subjects compared with the controls. This study shows that the influence of exercise on blood biochemistry is related to the duration of the activity; and that vigorous exercise should be performed with caution.
Keywords: Electrolytes, physical activity, organ functions, lipids

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization and neutralizing potential of plasma-derived immunoglobulins in hepatitis C virus patients in Auchi, Nigeria: Implications for passive immunization

Microbes and Infectious Diseases /Microbes and Infectious Diseases, Jul 3, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Drug resistance in HIV's interaction with reverse transcriptase and integrase strand transfer inhibitors among Nigerians attending a military Hhospital

Microbes and Infectious Diseases /Microbes and Infectious Diseases, Mar 8, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Hepatic Toxicity Assessment in HIV's Interaction with Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors at a Military Hospital, Southsouth Nigeria

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), May 1, 2024

doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by pee... more doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of possible healthcare associated infection pathogens at a military hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria, November, 2015

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence and Determinants of Dengue Virus Immunoglobulin among Febrile Patients Attending Naval Medical Centre Victoria Island, Lagos State

Global Biosecurity

Background: Dengue fever, (df) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue virus. Infection ... more Background: Dengue fever, (df) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue virus. Infection with dengue virus is a major cause of morbidity in the tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. In about 60% of cases, it gives rise to undifferentiated fever which is clinically indistinguishable from other viral infections. Dengue fever is known to occur in Nigeria, but the magnitude of this disease remains unclear. This study was done to determine the prevalence and determinants of df immunoglobulins (Ig) among patients attending a military hospital in Lagos.Methods: Systematic random sampling was used to recruit participants. Study participants were patients presenting with febrile illness at Naval Medical Centre, Victoria Island, Lagos. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and 3 millilitres venous blood was drawn from each participant. Anti-dengue IgM and IgG was determined from whole blood using lateral flow chromatographic immunoa...

Research paper thumbnail of Infection prevention and control in a treatment centre during a Lassa fever outbreak in southeastern Nigeria - January, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Plasma Biochemical Changes During Moderate and Vigorous Exercises

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiology of Cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV infected patients in southwestern Nigeria

Global Biosecurity, 2019

Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection that presents diversely with no specific pa... more Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection that presents diversely with no specific pathognomonic features. Cryptococcal disease is one of the most important opportunistic infections and a significant contributor to early mortality in HIV infected subjects. Cryptococcal antigenemia occurs in Nigeria, but the magnitude of this disease remains unclear. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of CrAg among HIV infected and HIV seronegative subjects and to assess the relationship between CD4 count and CrAg in HIV-positive subjects attending

Research paper thumbnail of State’s preparedness for coordination of Lassa fever outbreak containment in Nigeria, April 2017

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Introduction : lassa fever (LF), an acute viral hemorrhagic fever is endemic in Nigeria with annu... more Introduction : lassa fever (LF), an acute viral hemorrhagic fever is endemic in Nigeria with annual recurrent outbreaks in different States and varying levels of mortality and morbidity. In order to prevent such episodes with better preparation for early detection and rapid control of the disease, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) evaluated Nigerian States’ level of preparedness with a view to defining areas with high disease burden and risk of outbreak. The aim of the study is to assess the level of preparedness for co-ordination of LF outbreak response activities across the states for informed decision and effective LF outbreak response, planning and implementing of high impact interventions. Methods : a self-administered LF preparedness questionnaire was filled by 37 State Epidemiologists including the Federal Capital Territory to assess national preparedness. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using Epi-Info 7.2. States were stratified into Very High Risk (VHR), High Risk (HR) and Low Risk (LR) based on having ≥10, 1 - 9 or zero confirmed cases respectively in 2016 and 2017. State-specific level of preparedness, based on a three-staged scoring system was categorized into: Inadequate, 0 - 49%; fairly adequate, 50 - 74%; and adequate ≥75% preparedness. Variables of interest were summarized in frequencies and proportions. Results : six (16.0%) states were classified as VHR, 18 (49.0%) were HR, while 13 (35.0%). Twenty-six states (70.3%) had an Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) while 24 (64.9%) can activate their EOCs within 48 hours. Thirty-two (86.5%) have Emergency Preparedness and Response (EPR) Committees. A maximum of 3 (50%) of VHR states had functional EOCs, ability to activate EOCs within 48 hours and EPR Committees, when compared with 13 - 15 HR and 9-12 LR states, respectively. On the state-specific level of preparedness for co-ordination, 16 states (43.2%) were inadequate, 9 (24.4%) fairly inadequate, and 12 (32.4%) adequate. Conclusion : preparedness for co-ordination of Lassa fever outbreak responses should be improved in all the states, especially the VHR and HR states, to reduce morbidity, mortality, economic cost and psychosocial effect associated with LF outbreaks in Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of possible healthcare associated infection pathogens at a military hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria, November, 2015

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Research paper thumbnail of Active case search for Avian influenza among human contacts of H5N1 infected poultry birds, Plateau State, Nigeria, March, 2017

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Research paper thumbnail of Active case search for Avian influenza among human contacts of H5N1 infected poultry birds, Plateau State, Nigeria, March, 2017

Pan African Medical Journal Conference Proceedings

Research paper thumbnail of Infection prevention and control in a treatment centre during a Lassa fever outbreak in southeastern Nigeria -January, 2018

Global Biosecurity, 2019

Introduction: Lassa fever (LF) is a communicable viral haemorrhagic disease. Person-to-person spr... more Introduction: Lassa fever (LF) is a communicable viral haemorrhagic disease. Person-to-person spread occurs by inhalation or direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected patient. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is essential in healthcare facilities for the wellbeing and safety of patients, staff and visitors. Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki is the designated treatment center for LF in Ebonyi State. We assessed IPC practices in this facility during the 2018 outbreak of LF involving healthcare workers.

Research paper thumbnail of Infection prevention and control in a treatment centre during a Lassa fever outbreak in southeastern Nigeria -January, 2018

Introduction: Lassa fever (LF) is a communicable viral haemorrhagic disease. Person-to-person spr... more Introduction: Lassa fever (LF) is a communicable viral haemorrhagic disease. Person-to-person spread occurs by inhalation or direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected patient. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is essential in healthcare facilities for the wellbeing and safety of patients, staff and visitors. Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki is the designated treatment center for LF in Ebonyi State. We assessed IPC practices in this facility during the 2018 outbreak of LF involving healthcare workers.

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiology of Cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV infected patients in southwestern Nigeria

Odegbemi, O.B., Dada-Adegbola, H.O., Adeoye, I.A. and Fayemiwo, S.A., 2019. Epidemiology of Cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV infected patients in southwestern Nigeria. Global Biosecurity, 1(3), p.None. , 2019

Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection that presents diversely with no specific pa... more Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection that presents diversely with no specific pathognomonic features. Cryptococcal disease is one of the most important opportunistic infections and a significant contributor to early mortality in HIV infected subjects. Cryptococcal antigenemia occurs in Nigeria, but the magnitude of this disease remains unclear. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of CrAg among HIV infected and HIV seronegative subjects and to assess the relationship between CD4 count and CrAg in HIV-positive subjects attending Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Yemetu, Ibadan. In a hospital-based case-control study using simple random sampling, 114 HIV-seropositive individuals (cases) and 228 HIV-seronegative individuals (controls) were recruited. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from subjects and retrospective review of CD4 count records in HIV infected subjects. Five millilitres of venous blood were collected from each participant. Serum Cryptococcal antigen testing was done using CrAg Lateral Flow Assay. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis at 5% level of significance. Mean age of cases was 41.2 ± 10.0 years and 85 (74.6%) were females while mean age of controls was 38.9 ± 13.7 years and 156 (68.4%) were females. The prevalence of CrAg among cases was 11.4% and 7.0% among controls. Cases were about two times more likely to test positive for CrAg. However, the association was not statistically significant (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 0.79-3.68). Individuals with CD4 counts of ≤100 cells/µl were 20 times more likely to have positive serum cryptococcal antigen than individuals with CD4 counts >100 cells/µl (OR: 20.3, 95%CI: 5.23-78.9). This study has demonstrated significant prevalence of Cryptococcal antigenemia among the study population; however, prevalence was significantly higher among cases. Screening for CrAg should therefore be part of routine tests amongst all confirmed HIV seropositive cases, since asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia predicts impending cryptococcal infection with probable mortality.

Research paper thumbnail of Plasma Biochemical Changes During Moderate and Vigorous Exercises

Physical exercise is beneficial at all ages but the biochemical basis of this is not completely k... more Physical exercise is beneficial at all ages but the biochemical basis of this is not completely known. Liver function tests, renal function tests, plasma lipid profiles and plasma glucose concentration were determined in 50 sedentary Nigerians, 50 Nigerians on moderate-exercise and 50 Nigerians on vigorous-exercise. The levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin, urea and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly elevated while the levels of Na+, K+, cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose were significantly reduced in vigorous exercising subjects compared with the controls. The level of AST was significantly increased while the levels of plasma TC, LDL-C and glucose were significantly reduced in moderate exercising subjects compared with the controls. This study shows that the influence of exercise on blood biochemistry is related to the duration of the activity; and that vigorous exercise should be performed with caution.
Keywords: Electrolytes, physical activity, organ functions, lipids