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Papers by Okafo Sinodukoo Eziuzo

International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 2019

In te rnation a l J o u rn al of D ru g D e ve lopm e n t a n d Resear c h In e e n n t t

Journal of applied science and environmental management, Mar 27, 2024

Drug Disintegration time refers to the period within which a mechanical break-up of compressed ta... more Drug Disintegration time refers to the period within which a mechanical break-up of compressed tablet dissolve upon exposure to physiological fluids within a short period of time into tiny granules upon ingestion, while drug dissolution rate becomes a key tool in understanding the importance for its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Hence, the objective of this paper was to assess the impact of seven different solvents, which includes five non-alcoholic beverages (Exotic juice, soft drink, coffee, milk, and milo), one alcoholic beverage (beer), one dilute acid (0.1 M HCl) and a control distilled water (dil. H2O) on the disintegration time and dissolution rate of metronidazole tablets. The distilled water was used as control. The results obtained show that the mean disintegration times were 2.28 ± 0.04 (0.1 N HCl), 4.21 ± 0.12 (beer), 3.24 ± 0.05 (coffee), 3.23 ± 0.07 (distilled water), 5.21 ± 0.09 (Exotic juice), 3.17 ± 0.06 (Fanta), and 16.16 ± 0.11 (milk). The mean dissolution rates on the other hand were 98.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 2, 2023

INTRODUCTION Paracetamol, a 4-hydroxyacetanilide is mainly used as analgesic and antipyretic drug... more INTRODUCTION Paracetamol, a 4-hydroxyacetanilide is mainly used as analgesic and antipyretic drug 1. In clinical care paracetamol is usually effective for the pain associated with mild to moderate inflammation, such as sprains and contusions, but not in patients experiencing significant inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis or acute gout 2. Paracetamol is formulated as tablets 3 , syrups 4 and suspensions 5, 6. Paracetamol tablets are given to adult patients who can swallow tablets for the relief of fever, headaches and other minor aches and pains. Tablet is the most commonly used dosage form. Tablet is produced by compression or molding of a mixture of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the required excipients. Excipients are inert materials or aids that are added during the production of tablets. Excipients, such as binders, diluents, lubricants and glidants help to impart satisfactory processing and compression characteristics to the tablet formulation while the others such as colours, disintegrants, surfactants, flavours, sweeteners, anti-oxidants, polymers or ABSTRACT ARTICLE DETAILS Paracetamol is mainly used as analgesic and antipyretic drug. This study was conducted to evaluate the binding property of Irvingia gabonensis gum (IGG) in paracetamol tablet formulations in the presence of either maize starch or microcrystalline cellulose as disintegrant. IGG was isolated by acetone precipitation of the filtrate from the maceration of the powdered seeds of Irvingia gabonensis (Irvingiaceae) in distilled water for 24 h. Paracetamol granules were prepared using the wet granulation method. They were produced by using various concentration of IGG as binder, maize starch or microcrystalline cellulose as disintegrants and lactose as filler. The different formulations of paracetamol granules were mixed with magnesium stearate and talc and compressed into the respective tablets. The tablets were evaluated based on uniformity of weight, tablet hardness, friability, disintegration time and in vitro drug release. The tablet hardness for the paracetamol tablet formulations ranged from 2.27±0.09 to 8.00±0.54 Kgf. The friability values ranged from 0.21 ± 0.04 to 3.40±0.10%. The disintegration time ranged from 3.00±0.10 to 23±0.50 min. Tablets from all the formulations released up to 70% of their paracetamol contents within 25 min. For all the formulations, as the binder concentration increased the rate of drug release decreased. For tablets prepared using IGG as binder; formulations that contain microcrystalline cellulose as disintegrant had better release profile than those prepared using maize starch as disintegrant. The study shows that IGG have good binding property. Paracetamol tablets formulated using IGG as binder have comparable hardness value but lower disintegration time than those formulated using maize starch mucilage as binder.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 5, 2022

This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties of ibuprofen emulsions form... more This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties of ibuprofen emulsions formulated using Moringa oleifera seed oil as the oil phase. Moringa oleifera seeds were de-hulled, dried ad pulverized into powder. A 100 g quantity was extracted by Sohxlet extraction using petroleum ether. The extracted moringa seed oil was characterized based on refractive index, specific gravity, ash and moisture content. It was used to prepare ibuprofen emulsions using the wet gum method. The prepared emulsions were evaluated based on physicochemical properties such as pH, viscosity and organoleptic properties. The extracted oil was golden yellow in colour with characteristic odour. It has refractive index, density, and specific gravity of 1.461±0.002, 0.92±0.01 g/dm, and 0.92±0.01 respectively. The ash and moisture contents were 2.86% and 6.42% respectively. The pH of the prepared ibuprofen emulsions were between 4. 9±0.00 and 5.2±0.01 even after 4 weeks of stability study. The viscosity of the emulsions ranged from 1500±0.00-2500±0.01 mPas even after 4 weeks stability study. All the emulsions were the oil-in-water type. Stable ibuprofen emulsions were formulated using moringa seed oil as the oil phase and either acacia or Tween 80 as the emulsifying agent. The emulsions were comparable in physicochemical properties and stability to those prepared using arachis oil as the oil phase.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Herbal plants contain substances of medicinal values or precursors for synthesis of important dru... more Herbal plants contain substances of medicinal values or precursors for synthesis of important drugs, however, not much have been done in terms of standardization and effective delivery system. Various routes can be employed to deliver herbs, but the topical route is the safest. In this study, aqueous and ethanolic extractions of Andrographis paniculata were carried out. Antimicrobial screening of the extract before and after incorporation into cream base was carried out using standard antimicrobial agents as positive control. Formulated creams were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, spreadability, viscosity and stability. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were used for the sensitivity studies. Percentage yield for ethanolic and aqueous extracts were 17.5%w/w and 13.33%w/w respectively. Both microbes were sensitive to pure ethanolic extract and creams formulated from ethanolic extract, but resistant to aqueous extract. Zones of inhibition for the ethanolic extract ra...

Research journal of pharmacy and technology, Feb 26, 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate Detarium microcarpum gum (DMG) as polymer in formulated muc... more The aim of this study was to evaluate Detarium microcarpum gum (DMG) as polymer in formulated mucoadhesive albendazole tablets. FTIR studies were conducted to evaluate compatibility of DMG with albendazole. Mucoadhesive albendazole tablets were prepared by non-aqueous wet granulation technique using DMG alone (30%, 20% or 10%), in combination with carbopol (15%/15%) or carbopol alone (30%) respectively as polymers. Granules prepared were evaluated for flow rate, angle of repose, bulk and tapped density, particle size distribution, Hausner’s ratio and compressibility index. The prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, diameter, hardness, weight uniformity, friability, drug content, dissolution, swelling studies and mucoadhesive strength. The uniformity of weight for the formulated tablets ranged from 591.1±0.011 to 601.6±0.001 mg while the drug content ranged from 98.6% to 101.3%. Tablet hardness ranged from 5.10±000 to 10.77±0.01 Kgf and friability was between 0.25±0.00 and 0.42±0.02%. The mucoadhesive strength ranged from 1.293 x 10-4 to 6.45 x 10-4. Post compression parameters were within acceptable limits. The cumulative drug release for formulations F1-F3 produced using DMG (38.52 to 54.45%) were significant improvement on that produced using carbopol (11.62%) and marketed product (8.21%). The produced tablets were stable after accelerated stability studies at 40oC and 75% relative humidity. FTIR studies indicated that DMG did not show any incompatibility with albendazole. DMG at concentration of 30%w/w could be used to produce mucoadhesive albendazole tablets with prolonged and sustained release characteristics comparable to those produced using standard polymer, carbopol.

In Nigeria, the increase in demand for artemisinin based combination therapy especially the artes... more In Nigeria, the increase in demand for artemisinin based combination therapy especially the artesunate and amodiaquine combination has lead to the proliferation of different brands for sale of which some are suspected to be counterfeit or substandard. Therefore, this work was undertaken to assess the quality of some artesunate and amodiaquine combination brands sold in Nigeria using HPLC. Three fixed doses and one co – blistered brands of artesunate were assessed using uniformity of weight, disintegration time, tensile stregnth and friability tests. H.P.L.C. was used to determine the percentage artesunate and amodiaquine content of the tablets. Results showed that crushing strength (N) ranged from 4.49 ± 1.37 to 13.70 ± 4.56 kgf. Friability ranged from 0.001 to 0.800 and disintegration time was from 28.28 ± 4.62 to 92.65 ± 23.37. For weight uniformity test, none deviated by up to 5% which was satisfactory. The retention time for amodiaquine and artesunate were 4.2 min and 6.2 min re...

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017

The study was done to evaluate the binding property of different concentrations of Sida acuta gum... more The study was done to evaluate the binding property of different concentrations of Sida acuta gum (SAG) in paracetamol tablet formulations and to compare it to standard gums. SAG was extracted from powdered dried leaves of Sida acuta macerated in distilled water. Paracetamol tablets were prepared by wet granulation using SAG (0 2%), Corn starch mucilage (1.5 -2%) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, HPMC (1.5 -2%) as binders respectively. They were evaluated based on official and unofficial tests. The paracetamol granules showed passable to excellent flow property. The tablets have hardness values from 3.5 ± 0.00 to 6.75 ± 0.35 Kgf (SAG), 3.75 ± 0.35 to 4.0 ± 1.41 Kgf (starch mucilage), 2.75 ± 0.35 to 3.5 ± 0.00 Kgf (HPMC) and 0.35 Kgf (0 % binder). Tablet friability was less than 1 % for all formulations except P9 (3.18 %) that contained no binder. The % weight deviation for all the formulations ranged from 0.00 to 3.33%. The disintegration time (min) for the tablets ranged from 6.33 ± 5.86 to 49.00 ± 1.00 (SAG), 1.39 ± 0.10 to 1.53 ± 0.13 (Starch mucilage), 0.49 ± 0.08 to 0.79 ± 0.04 (HPMC) and 0.50 ± 0.00 (zero binder). The drug content of the formulations was found to be between 97.2 to 102 %. All the formulations released more than 75 % of their drug contents within 45 min. The binding property of SAG in paracetamol tablet formulations increases with increase in concentration.

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017

This study was carried out to formulate and evaluate hydrophilic matrix diclofenac tablet produce... more This study was carried out to formulate and evaluate hydrophilic matrix diclofenac tablet produced using Sida acuta gum (SAG) isolated from the powdered dried leaves of Sida acuta. Diclofenac matrix tablets containing 20-30% SAG, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) or SAG/HPMC, as matrix former were formulated using nonaqueous wet granulation method. The tablets were evaluated based on in vitro dissolution, swelling behavior, tablet hardness and friability, kinetics and mechanism of release. Tablet hardness ranged from 1.17 ± 0.29 to 6.22 ± 2.27 kgf. Tablet friability ranged from 0.17 to 0.95 %. Drug content ranged from 99.10 to 103.45 %. In vitro dissolution analysis showed that only formulations DS 1, DS 3 and DS 6 released < 50 % of diclofenac after 6 hr, while 100 % drug release was achieved in all the formulations from 7 h to > 12 h. The swelling index was in the order; HPMC > HPMC/SAG > SAG. SAG has swelling index that was approximately 25, 36, 50 and 70 % that of HPMC after 1, 3, 7 and 15 hr respectively. The order of release was first order except for DS6 and DS8 were zero order was predominant. The mechanism of release was by super case II transport except for DS 8 and DS 9 matrix tablets that was by anomalous (non – fickian) diffusion. There was no significant change in drug properties (p ≤ 0.05) after 6 months of storage at ambient temperature. Diclofenac matrix tablet was formulated using SAG as the matrix former. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 7, 36-47. Research Article ISSN 2277–7105 Article Received on 23 April 2017, Revised on 13 May 2017, Accepted on 02 June 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20177-8654 *Corresponding Author’

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

Objective: Sida acuta is a plant that is widely distributed in the subtropical regions where it i... more Objective: Sida acuta is a plant that is widely distributed in the subtropical regions where it is found in bushes, in farms and around habitations. This study was carried out to isolate hydrogel from this freely available natural source.Methods: The sieved dried powder from the leaves of Sida acuta was macerated in distilled water. The mucilage formed was filtered and precipitated with equal volumes of isopropyl alcohol. This was repeated using ethanol and acetone respectively. The precipitated hydrogel was purified by washing twice with isopropyl alcohol, once with acetone and dried in the oven at 40 °C for 8h.Results: The mean percentage yield of the hydrogel as obtained was 10.15±1.22, 9.24±0.74 and 7.90±0.03 %w/w for isopropyl alcohol, ethanol and acetone precipitated hydrogels respectively. The swelling index of the hydrogel in water was 10.00±0.02. The solubility of the hydrogel in water at 28 °C and 80 °C were 7.00±0.41 and 8.63±0.63 respectively. The solubility of the hydro...

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

The present study investigates the effect co-processing of Acacia gum with Sida acuta gum has on ... more The present study investigates the effect co-processing of Acacia gum with Sida acuta gum has on the drug release profile of diclofenac sodium tablets. Acacia gum powder was co-processed by physical admixture with Sida acuta gum powder in the ratio of 2:1 (F2) and 1:1 (F3) and also by co-precipitation with isopropyl alcohol of the mucilage formed from the physical admixtures respectively (F4 and F5). The co-processed excipients were characterized for solubility, angle of repose, true, bulk and tapped densities. Five batches of diclofenac sodium granules were formed using acacia alone (F1) and the four co processed excipients (F2 – F5) as 5%w/w binders respectively. The granules were evaluated for average particle size, angle of repose, bulk and tapped densities. The granules were compressed into tablets and evaluated for their disintegration time, % drug release profile, friability and hardness. The hardness value for batches F1 to F5 tablets were 6.099±2.609, 6.74±0. 565, 6.981±1.896, 7.046±2.487 and 5. 545±1.978 respectively. The mean disintegration time ± S.D for batches F1 to F5 ranged from 6.33±0.58 to 14.00±1.00 min. The % drug release for batches FI to F5 at 10 min time interval were 89, 48, 59, 65 and 50 % , at 20 min, were 100, 62, 61, 70 and 56 %, and at 60 min were, 100, 100, 72, 100 and 71 % respectively. Acacia gum co-processed with Sida acuta could be used to effect drug release retardation and this increases with increase Sida acuta gum ratio.

International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science

Paracetamol is mainly used as analgesic and antipyretic drug. This study was conducted to evaluat... more Paracetamol is mainly used as analgesic and antipyretic drug. This study was conducted to evaluate the binding property of Irvingia gabonensis gum (IGG) in paracetamol tablet formulations in the presence of either maize starch or microcrystalline cellulose as disintegrant. IGG was isolated by acetone precipitation of the filtrate from the maceration of the powdered seeds of Irvingia gabonensis (Irvingiaceae) in distilled water for 24 h. Paracetamol granules were prepared using the wet granulation method. They were produced by using various concentration of IGG as binder, maize starch or microcrystalline cellulose as disintegrants and lactose as filler. The different formulations of paracetamol granules were mixed with magnesium stearate and talc and compressed into the respective tablets. The tablets were evaluated based on uniformity of weight, tablet hardness, friability, disintegration time and in vitro drug release. The tablet hardness for the paracetamol tablet formulations ran...

International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 2019

In te rnation a l J o u rn al of D ru g D e ve lopm e n t a n d Resear c h In e e n n t t

Journal of applied science and environmental management, Mar 27, 2024

Drug Disintegration time refers to the period within which a mechanical break-up of compressed ta... more Drug Disintegration time refers to the period within which a mechanical break-up of compressed tablet dissolve upon exposure to physiological fluids within a short period of time into tiny granules upon ingestion, while drug dissolution rate becomes a key tool in understanding the importance for its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Hence, the objective of this paper was to assess the impact of seven different solvents, which includes five non-alcoholic beverages (Exotic juice, soft drink, coffee, milk, and milo), one alcoholic beverage (beer), one dilute acid (0.1 M HCl) and a control distilled water (dil. H2O) on the disintegration time and dissolution rate of metronidazole tablets. The distilled water was used as control. The results obtained show that the mean disintegration times were 2.28 ± 0.04 (0.1 N HCl), 4.21 ± 0.12 (beer), 3.24 ± 0.05 (coffee), 3.23 ± 0.07 (distilled water), 5.21 ± 0.09 (Exotic juice), 3.17 ± 0.06 (Fanta), and 16.16 ± 0.11 (milk). The mean dissolution rates on the other hand were 98.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 2, 2023

INTRODUCTION Paracetamol, a 4-hydroxyacetanilide is mainly used as analgesic and antipyretic drug... more INTRODUCTION Paracetamol, a 4-hydroxyacetanilide is mainly used as analgesic and antipyretic drug 1. In clinical care paracetamol is usually effective for the pain associated with mild to moderate inflammation, such as sprains and contusions, but not in patients experiencing significant inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis or acute gout 2. Paracetamol is formulated as tablets 3 , syrups 4 and suspensions 5, 6. Paracetamol tablets are given to adult patients who can swallow tablets for the relief of fever, headaches and other minor aches and pains. Tablet is the most commonly used dosage form. Tablet is produced by compression or molding of a mixture of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the required excipients. Excipients are inert materials or aids that are added during the production of tablets. Excipients, such as binders, diluents, lubricants and glidants help to impart satisfactory processing and compression characteristics to the tablet formulation while the others such as colours, disintegrants, surfactants, flavours, sweeteners, anti-oxidants, polymers or ABSTRACT ARTICLE DETAILS Paracetamol is mainly used as analgesic and antipyretic drug. This study was conducted to evaluate the binding property of Irvingia gabonensis gum (IGG) in paracetamol tablet formulations in the presence of either maize starch or microcrystalline cellulose as disintegrant. IGG was isolated by acetone precipitation of the filtrate from the maceration of the powdered seeds of Irvingia gabonensis (Irvingiaceae) in distilled water for 24 h. Paracetamol granules were prepared using the wet granulation method. They were produced by using various concentration of IGG as binder, maize starch or microcrystalline cellulose as disintegrants and lactose as filler. The different formulations of paracetamol granules were mixed with magnesium stearate and talc and compressed into the respective tablets. The tablets were evaluated based on uniformity of weight, tablet hardness, friability, disintegration time and in vitro drug release. The tablet hardness for the paracetamol tablet formulations ranged from 2.27±0.09 to 8.00±0.54 Kgf. The friability values ranged from 0.21 ± 0.04 to 3.40±0.10%. The disintegration time ranged from 3.00±0.10 to 23±0.50 min. Tablets from all the formulations released up to 70% of their paracetamol contents within 25 min. For all the formulations, as the binder concentration increased the rate of drug release decreased. For tablets prepared using IGG as binder; formulations that contain microcrystalline cellulose as disintegrant had better release profile than those prepared using maize starch as disintegrant. The study shows that IGG have good binding property. Paracetamol tablets formulated using IGG as binder have comparable hardness value but lower disintegration time than those formulated using maize starch mucilage as binder.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 5, 2022

This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties of ibuprofen emulsions form... more This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties of ibuprofen emulsions formulated using Moringa oleifera seed oil as the oil phase. Moringa oleifera seeds were de-hulled, dried ad pulverized into powder. A 100 g quantity was extracted by Sohxlet extraction using petroleum ether. The extracted moringa seed oil was characterized based on refractive index, specific gravity, ash and moisture content. It was used to prepare ibuprofen emulsions using the wet gum method. The prepared emulsions were evaluated based on physicochemical properties such as pH, viscosity and organoleptic properties. The extracted oil was golden yellow in colour with characteristic odour. It has refractive index, density, and specific gravity of 1.461±0.002, 0.92±0.01 g/dm, and 0.92±0.01 respectively. The ash and moisture contents were 2.86% and 6.42% respectively. The pH of the prepared ibuprofen emulsions were between 4. 9±0.00 and 5.2±0.01 even after 4 weeks of stability study. The viscosity of the emulsions ranged from 1500±0.00-2500±0.01 mPas even after 4 weeks stability study. All the emulsions were the oil-in-water type. Stable ibuprofen emulsions were formulated using moringa seed oil as the oil phase and either acacia or Tween 80 as the emulsifying agent. The emulsions were comparable in physicochemical properties and stability to those prepared using arachis oil as the oil phase.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Herbal plants contain substances of medicinal values or precursors for synthesis of important dru... more Herbal plants contain substances of medicinal values or precursors for synthesis of important drugs, however, not much have been done in terms of standardization and effective delivery system. Various routes can be employed to deliver herbs, but the topical route is the safest. In this study, aqueous and ethanolic extractions of Andrographis paniculata were carried out. Antimicrobial screening of the extract before and after incorporation into cream base was carried out using standard antimicrobial agents as positive control. Formulated creams were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, spreadability, viscosity and stability. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were used for the sensitivity studies. Percentage yield for ethanolic and aqueous extracts were 17.5%w/w and 13.33%w/w respectively. Both microbes were sensitive to pure ethanolic extract and creams formulated from ethanolic extract, but resistant to aqueous extract. Zones of inhibition for the ethanolic extract ra...

Research journal of pharmacy and technology, Feb 26, 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate Detarium microcarpum gum (DMG) as polymer in formulated muc... more The aim of this study was to evaluate Detarium microcarpum gum (DMG) as polymer in formulated mucoadhesive albendazole tablets. FTIR studies were conducted to evaluate compatibility of DMG with albendazole. Mucoadhesive albendazole tablets were prepared by non-aqueous wet granulation technique using DMG alone (30%, 20% or 10%), in combination with carbopol (15%/15%) or carbopol alone (30%) respectively as polymers. Granules prepared were evaluated for flow rate, angle of repose, bulk and tapped density, particle size distribution, Hausner’s ratio and compressibility index. The prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, diameter, hardness, weight uniformity, friability, drug content, dissolution, swelling studies and mucoadhesive strength. The uniformity of weight for the formulated tablets ranged from 591.1±0.011 to 601.6±0.001 mg while the drug content ranged from 98.6% to 101.3%. Tablet hardness ranged from 5.10±000 to 10.77±0.01 Kgf and friability was between 0.25±0.00 and 0.42±0.02%. The mucoadhesive strength ranged from 1.293 x 10-4 to 6.45 x 10-4. Post compression parameters were within acceptable limits. The cumulative drug release for formulations F1-F3 produced using DMG (38.52 to 54.45%) were significant improvement on that produced using carbopol (11.62%) and marketed product (8.21%). The produced tablets were stable after accelerated stability studies at 40oC and 75% relative humidity. FTIR studies indicated that DMG did not show any incompatibility with albendazole. DMG at concentration of 30%w/w could be used to produce mucoadhesive albendazole tablets with prolonged and sustained release characteristics comparable to those produced using standard polymer, carbopol.

In Nigeria, the increase in demand for artemisinin based combination therapy especially the artes... more In Nigeria, the increase in demand for artemisinin based combination therapy especially the artesunate and amodiaquine combination has lead to the proliferation of different brands for sale of which some are suspected to be counterfeit or substandard. Therefore, this work was undertaken to assess the quality of some artesunate and amodiaquine combination brands sold in Nigeria using HPLC. Three fixed doses and one co – blistered brands of artesunate were assessed using uniformity of weight, disintegration time, tensile stregnth and friability tests. H.P.L.C. was used to determine the percentage artesunate and amodiaquine content of the tablets. Results showed that crushing strength (N) ranged from 4.49 ± 1.37 to 13.70 ± 4.56 kgf. Friability ranged from 0.001 to 0.800 and disintegration time was from 28.28 ± 4.62 to 92.65 ± 23.37. For weight uniformity test, none deviated by up to 5% which was satisfactory. The retention time for amodiaquine and artesunate were 4.2 min and 6.2 min re...

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017

The study was done to evaluate the binding property of different concentrations of Sida acuta gum... more The study was done to evaluate the binding property of different concentrations of Sida acuta gum (SAG) in paracetamol tablet formulations and to compare it to standard gums. SAG was extracted from powdered dried leaves of Sida acuta macerated in distilled water. Paracetamol tablets were prepared by wet granulation using SAG (0 2%), Corn starch mucilage (1.5 -2%) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, HPMC (1.5 -2%) as binders respectively. They were evaluated based on official and unofficial tests. The paracetamol granules showed passable to excellent flow property. The tablets have hardness values from 3.5 ± 0.00 to 6.75 ± 0.35 Kgf (SAG), 3.75 ± 0.35 to 4.0 ± 1.41 Kgf (starch mucilage), 2.75 ± 0.35 to 3.5 ± 0.00 Kgf (HPMC) and 0.35 Kgf (0 % binder). Tablet friability was less than 1 % for all formulations except P9 (3.18 %) that contained no binder. The % weight deviation for all the formulations ranged from 0.00 to 3.33%. The disintegration time (min) for the tablets ranged from 6.33 ± 5.86 to 49.00 ± 1.00 (SAG), 1.39 ± 0.10 to 1.53 ± 0.13 (Starch mucilage), 0.49 ± 0.08 to 0.79 ± 0.04 (HPMC) and 0.50 ± 0.00 (zero binder). The drug content of the formulations was found to be between 97.2 to 102 %. All the formulations released more than 75 % of their drug contents within 45 min. The binding property of SAG in paracetamol tablet formulations increases with increase in concentration.

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017

This study was carried out to formulate and evaluate hydrophilic matrix diclofenac tablet produce... more This study was carried out to formulate and evaluate hydrophilic matrix diclofenac tablet produced using Sida acuta gum (SAG) isolated from the powdered dried leaves of Sida acuta. Diclofenac matrix tablets containing 20-30% SAG, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) or SAG/HPMC, as matrix former were formulated using nonaqueous wet granulation method. The tablets were evaluated based on in vitro dissolution, swelling behavior, tablet hardness and friability, kinetics and mechanism of release. Tablet hardness ranged from 1.17 ± 0.29 to 6.22 ± 2.27 kgf. Tablet friability ranged from 0.17 to 0.95 %. Drug content ranged from 99.10 to 103.45 %. In vitro dissolution analysis showed that only formulations DS 1, DS 3 and DS 6 released < 50 % of diclofenac after 6 hr, while 100 % drug release was achieved in all the formulations from 7 h to > 12 h. The swelling index was in the order; HPMC > HPMC/SAG > SAG. SAG has swelling index that was approximately 25, 36, 50 and 70 % that of HPMC after 1, 3, 7 and 15 hr respectively. The order of release was first order except for DS6 and DS8 were zero order was predominant. The mechanism of release was by super case II transport except for DS 8 and DS 9 matrix tablets that was by anomalous (non – fickian) diffusion. There was no significant change in drug properties (p ≤ 0.05) after 6 months of storage at ambient temperature. Diclofenac matrix tablet was formulated using SAG as the matrix former. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 7, 36-47. Research Article ISSN 2277–7105 Article Received on 23 April 2017, Revised on 13 May 2017, Accepted on 02 June 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20177-8654 *Corresponding Author’

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

Objective: Sida acuta is a plant that is widely distributed in the subtropical regions where it i... more Objective: Sida acuta is a plant that is widely distributed in the subtropical regions where it is found in bushes, in farms and around habitations. This study was carried out to isolate hydrogel from this freely available natural source.Methods: The sieved dried powder from the leaves of Sida acuta was macerated in distilled water. The mucilage formed was filtered and precipitated with equal volumes of isopropyl alcohol. This was repeated using ethanol and acetone respectively. The precipitated hydrogel was purified by washing twice with isopropyl alcohol, once with acetone and dried in the oven at 40 °C for 8h.Results: The mean percentage yield of the hydrogel as obtained was 10.15±1.22, 9.24±0.74 and 7.90±0.03 %w/w for isopropyl alcohol, ethanol and acetone precipitated hydrogels respectively. The swelling index of the hydrogel in water was 10.00±0.02. The solubility of the hydrogel in water at 28 °C and 80 °C were 7.00±0.41 and 8.63±0.63 respectively. The solubility of the hydro...

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

The present study investigates the effect co-processing of Acacia gum with Sida acuta gum has on ... more The present study investigates the effect co-processing of Acacia gum with Sida acuta gum has on the drug release profile of diclofenac sodium tablets. Acacia gum powder was co-processed by physical admixture with Sida acuta gum powder in the ratio of 2:1 (F2) and 1:1 (F3) and also by co-precipitation with isopropyl alcohol of the mucilage formed from the physical admixtures respectively (F4 and F5). The co-processed excipients were characterized for solubility, angle of repose, true, bulk and tapped densities. Five batches of diclofenac sodium granules were formed using acacia alone (F1) and the four co processed excipients (F2 – F5) as 5%w/w binders respectively. The granules were evaluated for average particle size, angle of repose, bulk and tapped densities. The granules were compressed into tablets and evaluated for their disintegration time, % drug release profile, friability and hardness. The hardness value for batches F1 to F5 tablets were 6.099±2.609, 6.74±0. 565, 6.981±1.896, 7.046±2.487 and 5. 545±1.978 respectively. The mean disintegration time ± S.D for batches F1 to F5 ranged from 6.33±0.58 to 14.00±1.00 min. The % drug release for batches FI to F5 at 10 min time interval were 89, 48, 59, 65 and 50 % , at 20 min, were 100, 62, 61, 70 and 56 %, and at 60 min were, 100, 100, 72, 100 and 71 % respectively. Acacia gum co-processed with Sida acuta could be used to effect drug release retardation and this increases with increase Sida acuta gum ratio.

International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science

Paracetamol is mainly used as analgesic and antipyretic drug. This study was conducted to evaluat... more Paracetamol is mainly used as analgesic and antipyretic drug. This study was conducted to evaluate the binding property of Irvingia gabonensis gum (IGG) in paracetamol tablet formulations in the presence of either maize starch or microcrystalline cellulose as disintegrant. IGG was isolated by acetone precipitation of the filtrate from the maceration of the powdered seeds of Irvingia gabonensis (Irvingiaceae) in distilled water for 24 h. Paracetamol granules were prepared using the wet granulation method. They were produced by using various concentration of IGG as binder, maize starch or microcrystalline cellulose as disintegrants and lactose as filler. The different formulations of paracetamol granules were mixed with magnesium stearate and talc and compressed into the respective tablets. The tablets were evaluated based on uniformity of weight, tablet hardness, friability, disintegration time and in vitro drug release. The tablet hardness for the paracetamol tablet formulations ran...