Ola Hassanin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ola Hassanin

Slovenian Veterinary Research, Jan 26, 2023

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotype VII is incriminated in the currently circulating NDV outbr... more Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotype VII is incriminated in the currently circulating NDV outbreaks in the Middle East region. In this study, evaluation of different vaccination regimes including genetically-matched or mismatched vaccines to the currently circulating field virulent NDV (vNDV) genotype VII was performed. One-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were divided into nine groups; groups 1 to 3 were vaccinated with live or inactivated genetic-mismatched vaccines (genotype II) or both of them. Groups 4 to 6 were vaccinated with either live or inactivated genetic-matched vaccine to vNDV genotype VII or combination of them. Group (Gp) 7 was vaccinated with a combination of inactivated genetic-matched and live genetic-mismatched vaccines to vNDV genotype VII while groups 8 and 9 were kept as control non-vaccinated. The groups that received a combination of live and inactivated vaccines from either genetically-matched or mismatched origins had the highest serological responses and protection against mortality which was 100%. The two groups received a combination of inactivated genetic matched vaccine and live vaccines of either genetic-matched or mismatched origins had the lowest clinical index and were nearly completely protected against vNDV clinical signs. The virus tracheal and cloacal shedding titers and number of shedders were significantly reduced or nearly neglicable in the instance of application of inactivated genetic-matched vaccine to the challenge virus either alone or boosted with live genetic-matched or mismatched vaccine. In consistent inactivated genetic-matched vaccine inhibited the transmissibility of the challenged virus to contacted birds. We concluded from our results that application of NDV vaccination regimes included a combination of inactivated NDV genotype VII vaccine and live vaccine regardless of its genotype provides better clinical protection and minimize virus shedding and subsequently decrease transmissibility and virus load to the surrounding environment.

Pathogens

Infections with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in poultry are associated with a wide range of dise... more Infections with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in poultry are associated with a wide range of disease conditions, including those affecting the respiratory and reproductive systems. The purpose of this study was to endorse the more sensitive diagnostic scheme for MG infection and identify the best molecular marker for MG phylogenetic analysis using six housekeeping genes: mgc2, mraW, atpG, ugpA, DUF31196, and lgT. For these purposes, 55 poultry flocks of different species were screened using either qRT-PCR or PCR techniques analogous to conventional culturing from non-cultured and cultured swabs on PPLO broth. The rate of MG positivity was the highest when using qRT-PCR from cultured broth (89.0%) and the lowest when using conventional culturing (34.5%). Compared to qRT-PCR from broth, statistical analysis using the Roc curve in MedCalc statistical software showed that the PCR schemes (qRT-PCR from swabs and PCR from swabs and broth) performed better than conventional culturing in te...

Viruses, Oct 13, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotype VII is a highly pathogenic Orthoavulavirus that has caused... more Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotype VII is a highly pathogenic Orthoavulavirus that has caused multiple outbreaks among poultry in Egypt since 2011. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of NDV prevailing in domestic and wild birds in Egyptian governorates. A total of 37 oropharyngeal swabs from wild birds and 101 swabs from domestic bird flocks including chickens, ducks, turkeys, and swans were collected from different geographic regions within 13 governorates during 2019-2020. Virus isolation and propagation via embryonated eggs revealed 91 swab samples produced allantoic fluid containing hemagglutination activity, suggestive of virus presence. The use of RT-PCR targeted to F gene successfully detected NDV in 85 samples. The geographical prevalence of NDV spread to 12 governorates in domestic birds, migratory and non-migratory wild birds. Following whole genome sequencing, we assembled six NDV genome sequences (70 - 99% of genome coverage), including five full F...

Veterinary Research Communications, 2015

Avian Influenza (AI) vaccines are widely used for mammals and birds in a trial to eliminate the A... more Avian Influenza (AI) vaccines are widely used for mammals and birds in a trial to eliminate the Avian Influenza virus (AIV) infection from the world. However and up till now the virus is still existed via modulation of its antigenic structure to evade the pressure of host immune responses. For a complete understanding of the immune responses following AI vaccination in chickens, the modulations of the chickens humoral immune responses and interferon-alpha signaling pathway, as a fundamental part of the innate immune responses, were investigated. In our study, we measured the humoral immune response using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. In addition, chicken interferon-alpha pathway components was measured at RNA levels using Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) following one dose of inactivated H5N1 influenza vaccine at 14 days of age. In this study, the protective levels of humoral antibody responses were observed at 14, 21 and 28 days following immunization with inactivated (Re-1/H5N1) AI vaccine. In the chicken spleen cells, up regulation in the chicken interferon-alpha pathway components (MX1 & IRF7) was existed as early as 48 h post vaccination and remained until 28 days post vaccination at the endogenous state. However, after the recall with ex-vivo stimulation, the up regulation was more pronounced in the transcriptional factor (IRF7) compared to the antiviral gene (MX1) at 28 days post vaccination. So far, from our results it appears that the inactivated H5N1 vaccine can trigger the chicken interferon-alpha signaling pathway as well as it can elicit protective humoral antibody responses.

Veterinary Research Communications, 2013

Avian Diseases, 2013

In spite of the intensive vaccination policy against the Marek&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;am... more In spite of the intensive vaccination policy against the Marek&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s disease virus (MDV) in Egypt, the Egyptian poultry flocks are still suffering from several tumor and paralysis cases. To investigate if MDV is the possible cause, feather follicle and tumor samples were collected during 2011 from 30 vaccinated chicken flocks experiencing nervous signs, emaciation, and tumor lesions. The samples were screened by PCR amplification of the meq full-length gene. Only five of 30 flocks were positive for MDV. Additionally, we sequenced meq from five samples and gL and gC from three samples. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the deduced amino acid sequences of the meq gene. The sequence analysis revealed that most of the studied sequences showed &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; or = 98% identity to the very virulent European ATE and C12/130 isolates and the very virulent Chinese LMS, YA, WS03, and GX070060 MDV isolates. The two glycoproteins, gL and gC, displayed high similarity to the classical MDV strains published in the database regardless of their virulence.

SUMMARY. In spite of the intensive vaccination policy against the Marek's disease virus (MDV... more SUMMARY. In spite of the intensive vaccination policy against the Marek's disease virus (MDV) in Egypt, the Egyptian poultry flocks are still suffering from several tumor and paralysis cases. To investigate if MDV is the possible cause, feather follicle and tumor samples were collected during 2011 from 30 vaccinated chicken flocks experiencing nervous signs, emaciation, and tumor lesions. The samples were screened by PCR amplification of the meq full-length gene. Only five of 30 flocks were positive for MDV. Additionally, we sequenced meq from five samples and gL and gC from three samples. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the deduced amino acid sequences of the meq gene. The sequence analysis revealed that most of the studied sequences showed ≥98% identity to the very virulent European ATE and C12/130 isolates and the very virulent Chinese LMS, YA, WS03, and GX070060 MDV isolates. The two glycoproteins, gL and gC, displayed high similarity to the classical MDV strains ...

Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases, 2020

A trial was conducted to evaluate the antiviral activity and immunomodulatory effect of B-Caryoph... more A trial was conducted to evaluate the antiviral activity and immunomodulatory effect of B-Caryophyllene (BCP) using NDV as a viral model. First, an in ovo experiment was conducted to estimate the antiviral mechanism of BCP. Next, an in vivo experiment was designed to confirm its antiviral efficacy as well as its immunomodulatory and growth promoting ability. According to the in ovo experiment, BCP possesses antiviral influence up to 61.7% when treated before or during NDV infection. Oral supplementation of chickens with two doses of BCP (200 and 400 μg/bird) resulted in a significant increase in the NDV HI-Ab responses and a significant increase in interferon-α signaling cytokines. These obvious immunomodulatory effects improved the bird clinical protection against virulent NDV challenge. To conclude, we introduced a new compound for the poultry industry sector that has antiviral and immunostimulant properties when supplemented orally before or during NDV infection.

Marek's disease virus (MDV), the causative agent of Marek's disease in chicken, is an important o... more Marek's disease virus (MDV), the causative agent of Marek's disease in chicken, is an important oncogenic avian pathogen which leads to worldwide economic losses in the poultry industry. It targets the chicken's immune system by initially causing a lytic infection in B-lymphocytes in lymphoid organs (spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus), followed by a latent infection of T-lymphocytes, which may lead to tumour In the beginning, I would like to thank my supervisors Prof Jürgen Haas and Prof David Taylor for their great help and guidance. In particular, Jürgen who is always encouraged me and introduced me to the world of molecular biology. In fact, his encouragement motivated me to move forward. Working at the Centre for Infectious Diseases and the Division of Pathway Medicine has given me the opportunity to meet very nice persons and gain a lot of friendships that I will never forget. Even Fossum, I really appreciate all the help that you provided when you were working in the University of Edinburgh and when you were not. Also, I would like to thank the entire Division of Pathway Medicine member, particularly Suzanne Esper and Samantha Griffith, thank you for the wonderful time and the good environment. Also, I really appreciate all the advice that you have given me during writing of this thesis. My Friends Lakshmi Narayana Kaza and Alessandro Ceroni, I would like to thank you for being lovely workmate. I am really grateful to Profs Anthony Nash, Bernadette Dutia and David Burt for their advices and guidance that they have provided me through out my PhD period. Also, I would like to thank people at the Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute for helping me when I had my training in the lovely Munich, particularly Dr. Zsolt Ruzics who teach me many things. Also, I am really grateful for Dr. Caroline Friedel (Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Germany) and Dr. Manfred Koegl (German Cancer Research Centre, Germany). I am also grateful for Prof. Peter Stäheli (University of Freiburg, Germany) for providing me with the chicken ISRE reporter construct. I am really grateful for my friend in the institute of animal health (Compton, UK), especially Lawrence Petherbridge and Lorraine Smith for their help and guidance during my staying in Compton. Also I would like to thank Dr. Venugopal Nair for providing me with a lot of materials and constructs and also for the technical advices. V My mum or my soul mate, if I did a good job here I did that only to keep you always proud of me. Thank you for everything in the past and in the present, the phone calls, the support, the patience, the motivation and cheering up. I would like to acknowledge also my dad and my brothers and sisters; Mohamed, Rehab, Abeer, Amr and Ghada, all of you always stand by me and this definitely made it easier going through tough times. Thus, at least I can give you a big thank you. My lovely niece Yomna, I would like to thank you and tell you after any bad experiment, you were the only one who was able to make me smile. Thanks for the Egyptian government and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Zagazig University for their support and sponsoring my PhD. At last but definitely not least, I would like to give my thanks for Allah for giving me the power to do this important step.

In the present study, forty-five chicken flocks suspected to be infected with Newcastle disease v... more In the present study, forty-five chicken flocks suspected to be infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Sharkia Governorate were submitted for clinical and postmortem examination as well as virus isolation and sero-molecular identification. Forty samples were positive for hemagglutinating viruses, 15/40 (37.5%) were confirmed positive isolates against NDV antiserum, 12/40 (30%) were positive isolates against both NDV and AIV (H5) antisera and 9/40 (22.5%) were positive against AIV antiserum using serological identification. Twenty-seven NDV isolates were confirmed positive by molecular identification; twelve of them were confirmed as virulent NDV strains using specific primers. A fragment of 766-bp comprising the 3' end of the M gene and the 5' end of the F gene was sequenced from four amplified products, revealing that these isolates carried the 112RRQKRF117 motif, which is characteristic of virulent strains. The investigated strains were clustered with a class II ge...

An outbreak of avipox virus (APV) infection in 35 days-old broiler chicken flock was recorded in ... more An outbreak of avipox virus (APV) infection in 35 days-old broiler chicken flock was recorded in Met-Abo-Ali village, Elsharqyia province, Egypt. The disease spread in about 30% of the flock with no recorded mortalities and characterized by wart like nodules on the unfeathered parts of comb, head, mouth corner and legs shanks as well as presence of small patches of diphtheritic membranes on the buccal cavity and the upper part of the oesophagus of sporadic cases. The causative agent was investigated pathologically and molecularly.. The clinical specimens were collected from infected birds and were propagated on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of11-days old embryonated chicken eggs(ECEs),virus growth on CAMs and compact proliferative pock lesions were evident on CAMs after first passage. Marked diffuse granulomatous thickening with greyish white discoloration were observed on CAM. . The virus isolation was confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of fpv167 (P4b)...

Florfenicol (FFC) is a synthetic antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum and therapeutic e... more Florfenicol (FFC) is a synthetic antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum and therapeutic effectiveness. It was specifically developed for ve terinary use, with proven value in the treatment of respiratory and enteric infections in food animals. It is active against many chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol-resistant strains. In the present stu dy, serum and tissue residual level of FFC and histopathological investigation of liver tissue aft er oral administration of 30 mg ⁄kg bw and 60 mg/kg bw (5 consecutive days) to broiler chickens were studied. A validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with photodiode array detector (PAD) at a wavelength of 223 nm was used for the determination of FFC concentration. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and defatted with hexane , followed by clean-up and chromatographic separation on hypersil gold (C18) column with acetonitrile: water as a mobile phase. The residual analysis resu lted that FFC concentration in live...

Veterinary Research Communications

INTRODUCTION The selection of the right IBD control strategy is primarily based on the choice of ... more INTRODUCTION The selection of the right IBD control strategy is primarily based on the choice of the appropriate vaccine strain. High maternal IBD-specific antibodies (Abs) compete with the efficacy IBD vaccine, which necessitates the application of intermediate-plus vaccine strain. METHODS A comparative experimental study was designed for evaluation of four different commercially available intermediate-plus IBD vaccines in commercial broilers before complete weaning of IBD-specific maternal Abs. RESULTS As determined by IBD- specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, three tested vaccine strains (228E, Winterfield H2512, and Winterfield 2512) were able to establish in the bursal tissues as early as six hours (hrs) post-vaccination (PV). Both the 228E and the Winterfield H2512 strains vaccinated groups had the highest viral load and replication rate in the bursal tissues at 24, 36, 48 and 72 hrs PV. Earlier seroconversion, 7-14 days PV, was observed in the case of Winterfield H2512, 228E, and Winterfield 2512 vaccinated birds compared to the Lukert vaccinated birds. The 228E strain was more virulent and induces the highest lesion score with severe degrees of lymphocyte depletion and necrosis which persisted up to 28 days PV. CONCLUSION Overall, the different intermediate-plus IBD strains possess variable early kinetics in the bursal tissues and eliciting antibody (Ab) responses differently withdifferent degrees of bursal lesions. The assessment of the intrabursal vaccine load together with humoral immunity and bursal damage lesion score are fundamental parameters in the evaluation of the intermediate-plus IBD vaccines.

Zagazig Veterinary Journal, Sep 1, 2017

Chlamydophila psittaci is one of the most important, zoonotic pathogen of birds causing chlamydio... more Chlamydophila psittaci is one of the most important, zoonotic pathogen of birds causing chlamydiosis. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of infection by Cp. psittaci and to determine the genotype in birds at potential risk of exposure to this pathogen. In total four species of wild birds (50 native and 40 migratory quails, 30 doves and 25 tree sparrows) and four species of pet birds, (20 Budgerigars,10 cockatiels, 3 finches, 5 love birds) were examined for the presense of Chlamydophila psittaci using impression smears stained with Giemsa stain, smears from yolk sacs were stained with Gimenez stain and PCR. The results were (80%-100%) , (85%-100%) and (80%-100%) in pet birds followed by wild birds (64%-85%) , (76%-95%) and (80%-90%), respectivelly The pathogencity of three isolates by intratracheal route with 10 6 TCID/ml in 15 days old chickens and quails was done and showed that the more pathogenic strain for chickens and quails was the pet birds strain. The observed clinical signs were respiratory signs, conjunctivitis, and diarrhea, While the pathological changes were congestion in liver, lung, spleen, and pericarditis while mild clinical and pathological changes were observed post infection by tree sparrows and migratory quails isolates. The partial ompA gene sequence of isolated Cp. psittaci strain was placed in genotype A of Cp. psittaci which had the highest identity (91.9-94%) with previously similar described strains of genotype A. Pet and wild birds were the major reservoir for Cp. psittaci which shed in their excreta and expose human and native birds to high zoonotic risk.

P oultry industry is a crucial component of animal production industry, with a huge number of bac... more P oultry industry is a crucial component of animal production industry, with a huge number of backyard flocks, particularly in the developing countries. They depend on poultry production in the backyard system, to meet household food requirements and as extra-added amount of money source (Maqbool, 2002). Unfortunately, the backyard production system involves a low standard of biosecurity measures and high risk of contagious disease transmission, such as Newcastle disease (ND) (Canan et al., 2012). ND is a highly contagious disease with great negative impact to the poultry industry. Therefore, it is classified as one of the ''notifiable diseases'' on the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Recurrent outbreaks of ND occur across the globe, particularly in the low-income countries. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1), belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae; genus Avulavirus (Lamb and park, 2007; Samal. 2011; Kuhn et al., 2019). It is an enveloped virus with a non-segmented, single-stranded, negative sense RNA. The virus genome encodes eight proteins, fusion (F) protein, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN), nucleocapsid protein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), large review Article Abstract | Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild birds with worldwide distributions that listed A by OIE as it causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry. In developing country, it considers a major limiting factor for poultry production which represent an important source for income and food security. In Africa, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks is rampant for decades, however the information about the genetic characteristics of the virulent strains circulating Africa is still scarce. Based on the full genome length and F gene sequence, NDV strains are classified into class I (9 genotypes) and II (18 genotypes) within a single serotype. Outbreak in North African countries (like Egypt) caused by genotypes II, VI and VII. In the Eastern African countries such as Tanzania, genotypes V, VII and XIII are the circulating strains. In the central (Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Uganda) and western African countries (Mali, Mauritania, Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso), newly circulating genotypes (XIV,XVII and XVIII) are isolated and restricted to this area in addition to other genotypes such as II, VII and V. In Southern African countries, (namely South Africa, Madagascar and Mozambique) genotypes II, VII, VIII, XI and XIII are prevalent. The variable NDV genotypes are been introduced to the different African countries via variable ways, wild and exotic birds, illegal poultry trading through neighboring borders or live bird market. The complex genetic diversity among circulating genotypes, sub optimal prevention afforded by the genotype II vaccine may be major factors that complicate the control of NDV in Africa.

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

Fowl pox disease is a slow-spreading viral infection of wild and domesticated birds of both gende... more Fowl pox disease is a slow-spreading viral infection of wild and domesticated birds of both genders, all ages and breeds. The disease occurs in two distinct forms; the more common cutaneous or dry form and the less common diphtheritic form. Fowl poxvirus (FWPV) is a member of the Avipoxvirus (APV) and it is one of the greatest challenges facing the poultry industry, its incidence is higher in tropical and subtropical countries. It causes a significant level of morbidity and increased mortality, especially in the diphtheritic form which may reach to 50%. Avipoxvirus has been recorded in Egypt and Africa in the early of 1960, since then, it has been recorded in variable domesticated and wild bird species in different countries and Governorates. The free-living and wild birds represent a potential threat and source of infection for the domesticated poultry species. In the last ten years, the phylogenetic analysis of the partial genome sequences has gained insight into the evolutionary biology of APV in Africa. One of the main characters of APV is relative genetic stability, especially in fpv167 region of the genome. This area of the genome clustered the APV of chicken and turkey origin phylogenetically into fowl poxvirus subclade A1 together with other avipoxviruses (APVs) isolated from Galliformes worldwide. However, the pigeon poxviruses phylogenetically belong to subclade A2 with other APVs isolated from Columbiformes worldwide. The analysis of the fpv140 region provides a further comprehensive taxonomic classification based on the virus-host origin and distribution, especially in the case of the pigeon poxvirus (PGPV), which clustered separately into different subclades according to their geographical distribution. This review focus on the origin, distribution, classification and taxonomy of APVs circulating in Egypt mainly with a brief report on the situation of APVs in the other neighboring.