Olawunmi Olagundoye - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Olawunmi Olagundoye

BMJ Open

IntroductionUrinary incontinence (UI) is common among older men. Epidemiological studies have est... more IntroductionUrinary incontinence (UI) is common among older men. Epidemiological studies have established many risk factors for UI but these studies are not always specific to men aged 65 and above. The literature is yet to be systematically and comprehensively reviewed to identify UI risk factors specific to these men. Such evidence is required for the development of evidence-based interventions. This scoping review will synthesise evidence regarding UI risk factors in older men.Methods and analysisThe Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) method for scoping reviews will guide the conduct of this scoping review and its reporting alongside the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. JBI’s Population, Concept and Context framework is used to frame inclusion criteria, and JBI’s scoping review protocol template was used to format this protocol. Our comprehensive search will include Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, We...

The Annals of Family Medicine

The World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) developed the third edition of the International... more The World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) developed the third edition of the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-3) to support the shift from a medical perspective to a person-centered perspective in primary health care. The previous editions (ICPC-1 and ICPC-2) allowed description of 3 important elements of health care encounters: the reason for the encounter, the diagnosis and/or health problem, and the process of care. The ICPC-3 adds function-related information as a fourth element, thereby capturing most parts of the encounter in a single practical and concise classification. ICPC-3 thus has the potential to give more insight on patients' activities and functioning, supporting physicians in shifting from a strict medical/disease-based approach to care to a more person-centered approach. The ICPC-3 is also expanded with a new chapter for visits pertaining to immunizations and for coding of special screening examinations and public health promotion; in addition, it contains classes for programs related to reported conditions (eg, a cardiovascular program, a heart failure program) and can accommodate relevant national or regional classes. Classes are selected based on what is truly and frequently occurring in daily practice. Each class has its own codes. Less frequently used concepts pertaining to morbidity are captured as inclusions within the main classes. Implementation of the ICPC-3 in an electronic health record allows provision of meaningful feedback to primary care, and supports the exchange of information within teams and between primary and secondary care. It also gives policy makers and funders insight into what is happening in primary care and thus has the potential to improve provision of care.

PsycTESTS Dataset

Background: Despite the need to curb the menace resulting from the negative trajectory of disrupt... more Background: Despite the need to curb the menace resulting from the negative trajectory of disruptive behaviour disorders (DBD) in societies of the world today, there is yet a dearth of locally standardised tools for the early detection of these disorders in Nigeria. This study was aimed at standardising the DBD teacher rating scale (DBD-TRS) to be culturally specific using teachers' ratings of their students. Objectives: To establish norm scores for the three categories of DBD on the DBD-TRS, to evaluate the reliability, validity, predictive power, sensitivity and specificity of DBD-TRS items for identifying DBD symptoms amongst children/adolescents between the ages of 4 and 16 years. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the five divisions of Lagos was conducted using multi-stage sampling technique. A randomly selected sample of teachers from a selection of regular schools across the five divisions of Lagos retrospectively rated systematically selected samples of their students in absentia; by referring to the names in their class registers for the recently concluded school session. The DBD-TRS and the previously validated strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) were used for the ratings. Results: Ratings were completed for 1508 children/adolescents by 197 teachers from 30 regular schools. The norm scores for the three categories of DBD were determined by gender, age, and grade/class. Satisfactory psychometric properties were established for the DBD rating scale. All DBD items had high negative predictive power and positive predictive power, high specificity, and low false positive rates. However, ADHD items had lower PPP (0.23-0.55). Conclusion: The DBD rating scale demonstrated sufficient technical merits to be used as a preliminary tool for identifying children that may require further clinical evaluation by mental health experts for behavioural disorders.

Caregiving and Home Care, 2018

Caregiving is the routine rendering of care by a caregiver who has taken the sole responsibility ... more Caregiving is the routine rendering of care by a caregiver who has taken the sole responsibility for ensuring that the fundamental needs of the care recipient are met. With the population aging and the increasing trend of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the need and the demand for home care will rise exponentially. Caregiving for most chronic illnesses has become a fastidious task requiring a combination of formal and informal caregivers to meet the needs of care recipients. The informal caregiving role falls squarely on the shoulders of the family, which remains the basic unit of every society connected biologically, legally or by choice, from which one expects a measure of physical, financial, and emotional support. This chapter discusses caregiving, home care, and the family against the backdrop of diverse world realities in beliefs and attitudes towards healthcare services and home care. It attests to the preferences for home care by some group of patients with chronic/terminal illnesses, especially the elderly, and it also expounds on reasons for this preference, the benefits to the patients and the family, including the family's need for support in dealing with the burden of caregiving for relatives with chronic illnesses.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 2021

Background. Mental health disorders have received little attention amongst people living with HIV... more Background. Mental health disorders have received little attention amongst people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Depression is the most common psychiatric consequence of HIV/AIDS diagnosis. Its prevalence is higher among PLWHA than the general population. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of depression, to identify its associated factors and, lastly, to determine its association with treatment outcome measures among PLWHA on antiretroviral therapy (ART) aged ≥ 18 years receiving care at the HIV clinic of General Hospital, Lagos. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the systematic random sampling method to select participants over a period of 14 weeks. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was designed to capture socio-demographic, behavioural, psychosocial, HIV and health-related information, as well as the clinical data of the participants. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression. The relationships between depression and other participants' characteristics were tested with Pearson's chi-squared (χ 2) test. Logistic regression analysis was used to minimise confounding, and the level of statistical significance was set as a p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results. The total of 279 respondents, with a mean age of 43.1 ± 10.3 years, were predominantly females (67.7%). The prevalence of depression among the participants was 24%. Factors such as occupation (p = 0.041; 95% CI, 0.43 to 3.63), alcohol intake (p = 0.036; 95% CI, 0.62 to 3.82), cohabitation (p = 0.025; 95% CI, 1.43 to 3.82), stigmatisation (p = 0.008; 95% CI, 0.92 to 3.70) and personal history of depression (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 1.75 to 6.38) showed statistically significant relationships with depression. Conclusions. The burden of depression is high among PLWHA. Identifying and unravelling factors associated with depression among PLWHA and advocacy against stigmatisation will play a significant role in reducing this burden.

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2016

Today, online social media are as ubiquitous as they are inextricable, especially as they have be... more Today, online social media are as ubiquitous as they are inextricable, especially as they have become critical to every aspect of our everyday lives. In the face of this upsurge in social media use, particularly in the adolescent age-group, rates of suicide, attempted suicide, and deliberate self-harm have spiked. This chapter aims to elucidate on current-day definitions of these terminologies as well as their epidemiology regionally and globally. Furthermore, it explores any established causality as well as possible associations and contributory factors such as cyberbullying and substance abuse. The chapter also explores how trending issues such as celebrity suicide and suicide reporting have impacted on the prevalence of suicide and examines its comorbidities. Novel concepts such as the Werther and Papageno effect are highlighted. It explicates on present-day recommendations to curb this menace while also examining the possibilities and merits of using social media as a prohibitiv...

Health Science Reports, 2021

Background: Emergency volunteering becomes a necessity in the face of unprecedented disasters lik... more Background: Emergency volunteering becomes a necessity in the face of unprecedented disasters like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is a paucity of empirical data on volunteerism not imported from the developed countries. It became necessary to evaluate the local-bred volunteerism with its peculiarity, as it emerged within the public health sector of Nigeria's COVID-19 epicenter. Objectives: To compare the family characteristics, professional profiles, and personality traits of volunteer and nonvolunteer COVID-19 frontline healthcare workers (HCWs). To determine the significant predictors of volunteering as well as the deterrents to and motivation for volunteering. Method: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between May and August 2020 among COVID-19 volunteer and nonvolunteer HCWs serving at the six dedicated COVID-19 isolation/treatment centers and the 27 general hospitals, respectively. Using a stratified sampling technique, three professional categories of HCWs (doctors, nurses, and medical laboratory scientists) were randomly selected from the nonvolunteers while total enumeration of volunteers was done. The survey employed pilot-tested self-administered questionnaires. The univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were carried out with IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The level of statistical significance was determined by a P-value of <.05.

BMJ Open Quality, 2021

BackgroundReliable information which can only be derived from accurate data is crucial to the suc... more BackgroundReliable information which can only be derived from accurate data is crucial to the success of the health system. Since encoded data on diagnoses and procedures are put to a broad range of uses, the accuracy of coding is imperative. Accuracy of coding with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) is impeded by a manual coding process that is dependent on the medical records officers’ level of experience/knowledge of medical terminologies.Aim statementTo improve the accuracy of ICD-10 coding of morbidity/mortality data at the general hospitals in Lagos State from 78.7% to ≥95% between March 2018 and September 2018.MethodsA quality improvement (QI) design using the Plan–Do–Study–Act cycle framework. The interventions comprised the introduction of an electronic diagnostic terminology software and training of 52 clinical coders from the 26 general hospitals. An end-of-training coding exercise compared the coding accuracy between the old method and t...

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 2020

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2020

Background: Revitalizing the primary health care (PHC) centers has been at the top of the priorit... more Background: Revitalizing the primary health care (PHC) centers has been at the top of the priority list of the Lagos State Government. Achieving this goal should restore the confidence of the people in and increase their utilization of PHC centers in their communities. At the forefront of the provision of comprehensive, continuous and coordinated care for individuals within the context of the family and community are family physicians (FPs), who are equally saddled with the task of clinical governance by virtue of their strategic position in the health system. It became expedient to expand human resource capacity building as a primary care quality improvement initiative of the state through the introduction of a post-graduate training program in family medicine at its biggest multi-specialist secondary health care facility. Objectives: To identify the strengths and weaknesses of the primary care system at the new training center and also, to compare the strengths and the weaknesses of the primary care system between the new training facility and the tertiary facility. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was employed to survey the perspective of the FPs and FPs -in-training at the new training facility and tertiary health facility about the primary care system in their facilities through self-administration of the Primary Care Assessment Tool-primary care practitioner (provider) survey. Results: A total of 33 FPs and FPs-in-training participated in the survey. They were on full-time employment and had spent an average of 51 and 66 months in service at the new family medicine training facility and the tertiary facility, respectively. They perceived that patients' waiting time at their facilities doubled (1 h 47 min at the new training center) and tripled (2 h 23 min) their expectations of a reasonable time to wait respectively. The weakest primary care quality dimensions were the same in both centers and the scores were closely comparable between the new and the old as follows: Coordination (43.8%; 52.9%), community orientation (44.1%; 63.2%), ongoing care (61.9%; 61.3%), and access (63.1%; 65.1%). However, the tertiary center had higher scores in all dimensions except ongoing care and the differences in scores between the new and the old were statistically significant in three dimensions namely: Comprehensiveness (P = 0.038), community orientation (P = 0.049), and cultural competence (P = 0.035). Conclusion: The new training facility may leverage the experience of the old in the dimensions where the latter has demonstrated statistically significant differences in strengths (cultural competence, comprehensiveness, and community orientation). Health administrators/policymakers should consider doctors' feedback as a necessity for planning and implementing changes to continuously improve the quality of the primary care system at these training facilities.

Endocrine Abstracts, 2019

Family Practice, 2018

Background. The routine application of a primary care classification system to patients' medical ... more Background. The routine application of a primary care classification system to patients' medical records in general practice/primary care is rare in the African region. Reliable data are crucial to understanding the domain of primary care in Nigeria, and this may be actualized through the use of a locally validated primary care classification system such as the International Classification of Primary Care, 2nd edition (ICPC-2). Although a few studies from Europe and Australia have reported that ICPC is a reliable and feasible tool for classifying data in primary care, the reliability and validity of the revised version (ICPC-2) is yet to be objectively determined particularly in Africa. Objectives. (i) To determine the convergent validity of ICPC-2 diagnoses codes when correlated with International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes, (ii) to determine the intercoder reliability among local and foreign ICPC-2 experts and (iii) to ascertain the level of accuracy when ICPC-2 is engaged by coders without previous training. Methods. Psychometric analysis was carried out on ICPC-2 and ICD-10 coded data that were generated from physicians' diagnoses, which were randomly selected from general outpatients' clinic attendance registers, using a systematic sampling technique. Participants comprised two groups of coders (ICPC-2 coders and ICD-10 coders) who coded independently a total of 220 diagnoses/health problems with ICPC-2 and/or ICD-10, respectively. Results. Two hundred and twenty diagnoses/health problems were considered and were found to cut across all 17 chapters of the ICPC-2. The dataset revealed a strong positive correlation between selected ICPC-2 codes and ICD-10 codes (r ≈ 0.7) at a sensitivity of 86.8%. Mean percentage agreement among the ICPC-2 coders was 97.9% at the chapter level and 95.6% at the rubric level. Similarly, Cohen's kappa coefficients were very good (κ > 0.81) and were higher at chapter level (0.94-0.97) than rubric level (0.90-0.93) between sets of pairs of ICPC-2 coders. An accuracy of 74.5% was achieved by ICD-10 coders who had no previous experience or prior training on ICPC-2 usage. Conclusion. Findings support the utility of ICPC-2 as a valid and reliable coding tool that may be adopted for routine data collection in the African primary care context. The level of accuracy

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 2018

Background Despite the need to curb the menace resulting from the negative trajectory of disrupti... more Background Despite the need to curb the menace resulting from the negative trajectory of disruptive behaviour disorders (DBD) in societies of the world today, there is yet a dearth of locally standardised tools for the early detection of these disorders in Nigeria. This study was aimed at standardising the DBD teacher rating scale (DBD-TRS) to be culturally specific using teachers’ ratings of their students. Objectives To establish norm scores for the three categories of DBD on the DBD-TRS, to evaluate the reliability, validity, predictive power, sensitivity and specificity of DBD-TRS items for identifying DBD symptoms amongst children/adolescents between the ages of 4 and 16 years. Methods A cross-sectional survey of the five divisions of Lagos was conducted using multi-stage sampling technique. A randomly selected sample of teachers from a selection of regular schools across the five divisions of Lagos retrospectively rated systematically selected samples of their students in abse...

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 2017

Background. Mental illness is becoming an inevitable part of life with an estimation of over 150 ... more Background. Mental illness is becoming an inevitable part of life with an estimation of over 150 million cases occurring worldwide, commencing as early as age 15 and leading to disability and impairments. Caring for patients with chronic mental illnesses is increasingly becoming an unending fastidious task. The goal, which is often to help improve functioning and relieve symptoms, often places many demands and eventually leads to some form of burdensome experiences for the caregivers. The magnitude of this problem among caregivers, however, remains largely unknown in sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives. the study sought to describe the level and correlation of the burden experienced by caregivers in the families of patients with chronic mental illnesses, to determine the relationship between family functioning and the level of caregiver burden and, lastly, to determine the prevalence of stigma by association/family stigma in the study population. Material and methods. A total of 402 family caregivers of patients with chronic mental illnesses attending the outpatient clinics of the Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital, Yaba, were interviewed using a socio-demographic data collection sheet, family functioning (APGAR) scale, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) instrument and questions measuring the psychological effects of being a relative of a patient with severe mental illness. Results. The results of the study showed that 42% of the subjects experienced a high level of burden, and this was significantly associated with the gender of caregivers, their level of education, familial relationship of the caregivers to the patients, income, distance of residence from a health facility, family functioning and experience of family stigma. Conclusions. Chronic mental illnesses are associated with a high level of caregiver burden in nearly half of the study population. A low level of income is an important predictor of high burden that could be addressed through occupational rehabilitation of patients and provision of employment with a view to improving family income. Introduction of support groups and continuous advocacy against stigmatisation of individuals with mental illnesses and their families are essential.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2016

Background: Primary care serves as an integral part of the health systems of nations especially t... more Background: Primary care serves as an integral part of the health systems of nations especially the African continent. It is the portal of entry for nearly all patients into the health care system. Paucity of accurate data for health statistics remains a challenge in the most parts of Africa because of inadequate technical manpower and infrastructure. Inadequate quality of data systems contributes to inaccurate data. A simple-to-use classification system such as the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) may be a solution to this problem at the primary care level. Objectives: To apply ICPC-2 for secondary coding of reasons for encounter (RfE), problems managed and processes of care in a Nigerian primary care setting. Furthermore, to analyze the value of selected presented symptoms as predictors of the most common diagnoses encountered in the study setting. Materials and Methods: Content analysis of randomly selected patients' paper records for data collection at the end of clinic sessions conducted by family physicians at the general out-patients' clinics. Contents of clinical consultations were secondarily coded with the ICPC-2 and recorded into excel spreadsheets with fields for sociodemographic data such as age, sex, occupation, religion, and ICPC elements of an encounter: RfE/complaints, diagnoses/problems, and interventions/processes of care. Results: Four hundred and one encounters considered in this study yielded 915 RfEs, 546 diagnoses, and 1221 processes. This implies an average of 2.3 RfE, 1.4 diagnoses, and 3.0 processes per encounter. The top 10 RfE, diagnoses/common illnesses, and processes were determined. Through the determination of the probability of the occurrence of certain diseases beginning with a RfE/complaint, the top five diagnoses that resulted from each of the top five RfE were also obtained. The top five RfE were: headache, fever, pain general/multiple sites, visual disturbance other and abdominal pain/cramps general. The top five diagnoses were: Malaria, hypertension uncomplicated, visual disturbance other, peptic ulcer, and upper respiratory infection. From the determination of the posterior probability given the top five RfE, malaria, hypertension, upper respiratory infection, refractive error, and conjuctivitis were the five most frequent diagnoses that resulted from a complaint of a headache. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that ICPC-2 can be applied to primary care data in the Nigerian context to generate information about morbidity and services provided. It also provided an empirical basis to support diagnosis and prognostication in a primary care setting. In developing countries where the transition to electronic health records is still evolving and fraught with limitations, more reliable data collection can be achieved from paper records through the application of the ICPC-2.