Olcay Tunay - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Olcay Tunay

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 1991

ABSTRACT

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021

Upon the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 genetic materi... more Upon the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in domestic wastewater have led to an increase in the efforts to define and implement the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). This application provides valuable information to define local contamination monitoring, emergence of COVID-19 and its variants and many other aspects to cope with and control the pandemic. WBE surveillance, however, requires several consecutive steps such as sampling, pretreatment and concentration of samples, and detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in wastewater. In this review paper, the literature regarding to all these applications reviewed considering their advantages, disadvantages as well as their applicability. A specific emphasis was placed on the last step, detection and quantification since it covers the most critical procedure for concentrating the virus before measurement. Evaluation of the existing data indicating ultrafiltration, polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and electronegative membrane filtration (ENMF) were the most promising techniques for concentration. The ongoing studies are proposed to be continued within the context of standard methods. Future research needs are delineated and suggestions are made for details.

Water Science and Technology, 1990

In this study, a large number of textile plants in Turkey have been studied and evaluated in term... more In this study, a large number of textile plants in Turkey have been studied and evaluated in terms of characteristics and treatability of wastewaters involved as related to relevant production parameters, exhibiting significant differences for each plant. Certain industrial groups have been identified to possess different pollution profiles and treatability specifications within the same subcategory. The results observed lead to conclude that the suhcategorization now in use for the textile industry needs to be reformulated by taking care of the significant components defining the nature of this industry, and it has to show more connection with treatability evaluations.

Fresenius Environmental Bulletin

Water Intelligence Online, 2010

Chapter 1: Introduction to redox reactions vi Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wast... more Chapter 1: Introduction to redox reactions vi Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters 2.5.4 TiO 2-mediated heterogeneous photocatalysis 2.5.5 Ozonation 2.5.6 Homogenous and heterogeneous Fenton's processes 2.5.7 AOP combinations 2.5.8 Wet air oxidation 2.5.9 Supercritical water oxidation 2.5.10 Electron beam irradiation 2.5.11 AOP involving power ultrasound 2.6 Concluding Remarks REFERENCES Chapter 3: Leather tanning industry 3.1 Leather Tanning Industry viii Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters 5.6.6 Wet peroxide oxidation 5.6.7 Power ultrasound 5.6.8 Process combinations (hybrid systems) 5.6.9 Comparative studies 5.7 Concluding Remarks REFERENCES

Hazardous Industrial Waste Treatment, 2006

In the metal finishing industry, metals or alloys are used as starting materials to manufacture a... more In the metal finishing industry, metals or alloys are used as starting materials to manufacture a wide range of metal components. The metal finishing and metal fabricating industry is identified as SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) code 34. SIC code 34 is further divided into nine classes: SIC 341 to SCI 349. These subclasses indicate product groups [1]. Metal finishing involves the forming and shaping of metals and the altering of surface properties to enhance corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity or resistance, wear resistance, chemical and tarnish resistance, solderability, torque tolerance, ability to bond rubber and adhesives or organic coatings, hardness, reflectivity, and decorative appearance. A broad range of processes is employed in the metal finishing industry. Metal fabrication covers mostly mechanical operations such as cutting and forming. Surface treatment involves plating, conversion coating, anodizing, painting, heat treating, and many other operations. Degreasing, cleaning, pickling, and etching are supporting processes. The industry manufactures a wide range of metal components such as cans, hand tools, hardware, cutlery, and structural metal products. Many industries use metal finishing in their manufacturing processes. Metal finishing is an essential part of a number of industries including automotive, electronics, defense, aerospace, hardware, heavy equipment, appliances, telecommunication and jewelry. With this profile, the metal finishing industry is among the most common industrial activities in the United States and in many other countries as well. While production methods and applications are similar in all metal finishing plants, capacities vary widely. Metal finishing facilities are grouped into two major categories: captives and job shops. Captive facilities are part of a larger operation and perform metal finishing processes on in-house manufactured parts. The plants in this category tend to be larger in capacity than job shops. Job shops are independently owned small plants that rely on a variety of customers and work on the parts manufactured by others. Job shops may also be used as subcontractors by the captive facilities. This application tends to be more common [2]. Captive facilities are more specialized in their operations, while job shops are more flexible in operations to respond to the varying demands of customers.

Water Science and Technology, 1995

Sulfate is an important parameter especially for discharges to sewer systems. The textile industr... more Sulfate is an important parameter especially for discharges to sewer systems. The textile industry is a major source of sulfate. Some sulfate sources in the industry have material replacement alternatives. However in some sources, sulfate or species convertible to sulfate are the maio materials. The indigo dyeing process involves sulfur species as main materials. In this study, indigo dyeing wastewaters which contain significant concentrations of oxidized and non-oxidized sulfur components are evaluated in terms of sulfate removal. The approach is a pretreatment at the source before being mixed with other wastewaters. The study is conducted in two steps. In the first step, conversion of species to either sulfide or sulfate is experimentally evaluated. While reduction to sulfide poses problems. oxidation of all species to sulfate is found to be applicable. In the second step sulfate precipitation using calcium. barium and lead is practiced. Calcium precipitation provides up to 30% sulfate removal and these results are supported with existing literature data. Barium sulfate and lead sulfate precipitation provided practically complete removal. Economical evaluation of alternative methods is also given.

Water Science and Technology, 1995

Sulfate is an important parameter especially for discharges to sewer systems. The textile industr... more Sulfate is an important parameter especially for discharges to sewer systems. The textile industry is a major source of sulfate. Some sulfate sources in the industry have material replacement alternatives. However in some sources, sulfate or species convertible to sulfate are the maio materials. The indigo dyeing process involves sulfur species as main materials. In this study, indigo dyeing wastewaters which contain significant concentrations of oxidized and non-oxidized sulfur components are evaluated in terms of sulfate removal. The approach is a pretreatment at the source before being mixed with other wastewaters. The study is conducted in two steps. In the first step, conversion of species to either sulfide or sulfate is experimentally evaluated. While reduction to sulfide poses problems. oxidation of all species to sulfate is found to be applicable. In the second step sulfate precipitation using calcium. barium and lead is practiced. Calcium precipitation provides up to 30% sulfate removal and these results are supported with existing literature data. Barium sulfate and lead sulfate precipitation provided practically complete removal. Economical evaluation of alternative methods is also given.

Water Science and Technology, 1995

Water Research, 1989

ABSTRACT 2,4-D, as one of the most frequently used herbicides nowadays, finds access to treatment... more ABSTRACT 2,4-D, as one of the most frequently used herbicides nowadays, finds access to treatment plants and receiving waters at a significantly increasing pace. These types of organics are commonly investigated either for their toxic properties or their biodegradability. The accumulated information becomes, at times, misleading since 2,4-D, like most similar chemicals, may be a substrate alternately or concurrently, depending on the characteristics of the environment in which it reacts. In this context, this paper studies the fate and impact of 2,4-D in microbial cultures under different conditions. It is found that (a) 2,4-D at short exposure to a microbial culture grown on a Bacto nutrient/sodium acetate mixture remains non-biodegradable, inhibiting the BNB removal rate. (b) The biodegradation of 2,4-D in the same microbial culture is subject to acclimation after 20–40 days. (c) Upon acclimation, 2,4-D is biodegradable as a single substrate or combined with the BNB solution. Its removal may be interpreted by a non-interactive mechanism suggesting the development of a population solely responsible for its degradation, exhibiting a substrate inhibition type of a growth pattern at high 2,4-D concentration. (d) In multi-substrate environments the BNB removal rate is significantly affected by 2,4-D inhibition. (e) The fate and impact of 2,4-D in microbial cultures under different conditions, shows inherent similarities with those of phenol.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2003

This study uses the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurement to measure toxicity effects of 2,4-dichl... more This study uses the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurement to measure toxicity effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on activated sludges fed with the wastewater from a small domestic wastewater treatment plant and peptone-based synthetic wastewater. Two 2 l lab-scale batch reactors were run in parallel with the same F/M ratios (0.4 mg COD per mg VSS per day) to assess the inhibition effects of 2,4-D concentrations between 25 and 75 mg l −1 considering at least a 100% dilution rate, as compared with a pesticide industry effluent containing 20,000-40,000 mg l −1 COD, reaches a central treatment plant. It was noted that the OUR was decreased to 15 and 30%, respectively, when adding 75 mg l −1 of 2,4-D to the domestic and synthetic reactors,. Meanwhile, the addition of 25 plus 50 mg l −1 of 2,4-D in sequence to the domestic wastewater reactor did not significantly affect the OUR profile. The OUR-based inhibition definition has been used in this research since the OUR methods have been frequently used and cited in the literature to study toxicity effects. However, the origin of the sludge used in the testing is also important. Synthetic wastewater may simulate the toxicity studies but with a higher response than actual systems, since the microorganisms are considerably becoming substrate-selective.

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2003

This study was designed to decolorize and to reduce COD content in a mixture of four reactive dye... more This study was designed to decolorize and to reduce COD content in a mixture of four reactive dyes, i.e., Remazol Black 5 (RB5), Remazol Red RB (RR), Remazol Yellow 84 (RY), Remazol Brilliant Blue (RB) using Fenton Oxidation Process (FOP). Optimum pH, temperature, and the doses of FeSO4 and H2O2 were determined. Experiments were conducted on the samples containing a total concentration of 100 mgL(-1) (RB+RY), 200 mg L(-1) (RB5+RR), 300 mg L(-1) (RB5+RR+RB+ RY), and 400 mg L(-1) (RR+RB+RY) dyes considering their actual application doses in dyehouses. Optimum pH was observed as 2.5 at 30 degrees C using 400 mg L(-1) FeSO4 and 800 mg L(-1) of H2O2 resulting in more than 96% COD and 99% Pt-Co unit of color removal for the mixture of RB5 and RR. The optimum conditions determined were 4.0 pH, 50 degrees C, and 500 mg L(-1) FeSO4 applying 1000 mg L(-1) H2O2 for the mixture of (RB5+RR+RB+RY). A 100 mg L(-1) solution of a mixture of RB and RY at equal amounts was oxidized using 200 mg L(-1) FeSO4 and 300 mg L(-1) H2O2 at 3.0 pH and 50 degrees C.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2002

Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, 2008

Pharmaceuticals formulation plants have a variety of wastewater sources. A significant part of th... more Pharmaceuticals formulation plants have a variety of wastewater sources. A significant part of these wastewaters can be directly conducted to central biological treatment. Among the wastewater groups that need a pretreatment, antibiotic wastewaters require a special attention due to their toxicity to biological treatment and low biodegradability. In this study, pretreatment of antibiotic formulation wastewaters by Fenton oxidation process was experimentally investigated. Three different antibiotic formulations, all having common use, were selected. The basic formulation of the antibiotics used were; cefuroxime axetil, ceftriaxone and sulfisoxazole. Strength of all three samples was similar and around 1000 mg/L COD. Fenton oxidation proved very effective on all samples. Optimum conditions of oxidation were found as; pH 2, Fe

Fresenius Environmental Bulletin

ABSTRACT

Water Science & Technology, 2015

In the present study aqueous solutions of Brij30, an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant, were photocat... more In the present study aqueous solutions of Brij30, an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant, were photocatalytically and photochemically treated by employing the TiO2/UV-A, H2O2/UV-C and persulfate (PS)/UV-C processes. During TiO2/UV-A treatment, even in short reaction periods (10 minutes), high rates of Brij30 removals were achieved; however, longer experiment periods (240–480 minutes) were needed in order to obtain notable total organic carbon (TOC) removals. Increasing the TiO2 dosage exhibited a positive effect on treatment efficiencies. For initial pH value of 3.0, increasing the TiO2 dosage from 1.0 to 1.5 g/L resulted in an improvement in Brij30 removal from 64% to 79% after 10 minutes whereas 68 and 88% TOC removals were observed after 480 minutes, respectively. Brij30 removal was very fast and complete via both H2O2/UV-C and PS/UV-C treatments, accompanied with significant mineralization rates ranging between 74 and 80%. Toxicity assessed by Vibrio fischeri, was found to be similar ...

Environmental Technology Reviews, 2012

Cost-effective methods are required to treat a wide range of wastewater pollutants in a diverse r... more Cost-effective methods are required to treat a wide range of wastewater pollutants in a diverse range of conditions. As compared with traditional treatment methods, electrocoagulation provides a relatively compact and robust treatment alternative in which sacrificial metal anodes initiate electrochemical reactions that provide active metal cations for coagulation and flocculation. The inherent advantage of electrocoagulation is that no coagulants have to be added to the wastewater and hence the salinity of the water does not increase after treatment. Electrocoagulation is a complex process involving a multitude of pollutant removal mechanisms operating synergistically. Although numerous publications have appeared in the recent past, the lack of a holistic and systematic approach has resulted in the design of several treatment units without considering the complexity of the system and process control mechanisms. Due to the fact that electrocoagulation is thought to be an enigmatic, promising treatment technology and a cost-effective solution for sustainable water management in the future, it will become increasingly important to provide a deeper insight into the pollutant removal mechanisms involved, kinetic modelling and reactor design. Considering the abovementioned facts, in this paper, industrial wastewater electrocoagulation applications have been reviewed with special emphasis placed on the major reaction mechanisms involved in these applications. Evaluation was based on specific pollutant parameters of the sector as well as operation costs including solid waste management, sacrificial electrode materials and electrical energy requirements.

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 1991

ABSTRACT

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021

Upon the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 genetic materi... more Upon the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in domestic wastewater have led to an increase in the efforts to define and implement the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). This application provides valuable information to define local contamination monitoring, emergence of COVID-19 and its variants and many other aspects to cope with and control the pandemic. WBE surveillance, however, requires several consecutive steps such as sampling, pretreatment and concentration of samples, and detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in wastewater. In this review paper, the literature regarding to all these applications reviewed considering their advantages, disadvantages as well as their applicability. A specific emphasis was placed on the last step, detection and quantification since it covers the most critical procedure for concentrating the virus before measurement. Evaluation of the existing data indicating ultrafiltration, polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and electronegative membrane filtration (ENMF) were the most promising techniques for concentration. The ongoing studies are proposed to be continued within the context of standard methods. Future research needs are delineated and suggestions are made for details.

Water Science and Technology, 1990

In this study, a large number of textile plants in Turkey have been studied and evaluated in term... more In this study, a large number of textile plants in Turkey have been studied and evaluated in terms of characteristics and treatability of wastewaters involved as related to relevant production parameters, exhibiting significant differences for each plant. Certain industrial groups have been identified to possess different pollution profiles and treatability specifications within the same subcategory. The results observed lead to conclude that the suhcategorization now in use for the textile industry needs to be reformulated by taking care of the significant components defining the nature of this industry, and it has to show more connection with treatability evaluations.

Fresenius Environmental Bulletin

Water Intelligence Online, 2010

Chapter 1: Introduction to redox reactions vi Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wast... more Chapter 1: Introduction to redox reactions vi Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters 2.5.4 TiO 2-mediated heterogeneous photocatalysis 2.5.5 Ozonation 2.5.6 Homogenous and heterogeneous Fenton's processes 2.5.7 AOP combinations 2.5.8 Wet air oxidation 2.5.9 Supercritical water oxidation 2.5.10 Electron beam irradiation 2.5.11 AOP involving power ultrasound 2.6 Concluding Remarks REFERENCES Chapter 3: Leather tanning industry 3.1 Leather Tanning Industry viii Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters 5.6.6 Wet peroxide oxidation 5.6.7 Power ultrasound 5.6.8 Process combinations (hybrid systems) 5.6.9 Comparative studies 5.7 Concluding Remarks REFERENCES

Hazardous Industrial Waste Treatment, 2006

In the metal finishing industry, metals or alloys are used as starting materials to manufacture a... more In the metal finishing industry, metals or alloys are used as starting materials to manufacture a wide range of metal components. The metal finishing and metal fabricating industry is identified as SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) code 34. SIC code 34 is further divided into nine classes: SIC 341 to SCI 349. These subclasses indicate product groups [1]. Metal finishing involves the forming and shaping of metals and the altering of surface properties to enhance corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity or resistance, wear resistance, chemical and tarnish resistance, solderability, torque tolerance, ability to bond rubber and adhesives or organic coatings, hardness, reflectivity, and decorative appearance. A broad range of processes is employed in the metal finishing industry. Metal fabrication covers mostly mechanical operations such as cutting and forming. Surface treatment involves plating, conversion coating, anodizing, painting, heat treating, and many other operations. Degreasing, cleaning, pickling, and etching are supporting processes. The industry manufactures a wide range of metal components such as cans, hand tools, hardware, cutlery, and structural metal products. Many industries use metal finishing in their manufacturing processes. Metal finishing is an essential part of a number of industries including automotive, electronics, defense, aerospace, hardware, heavy equipment, appliances, telecommunication and jewelry. With this profile, the metal finishing industry is among the most common industrial activities in the United States and in many other countries as well. While production methods and applications are similar in all metal finishing plants, capacities vary widely. Metal finishing facilities are grouped into two major categories: captives and job shops. Captive facilities are part of a larger operation and perform metal finishing processes on in-house manufactured parts. The plants in this category tend to be larger in capacity than job shops. Job shops are independently owned small plants that rely on a variety of customers and work on the parts manufactured by others. Job shops may also be used as subcontractors by the captive facilities. This application tends to be more common [2]. Captive facilities are more specialized in their operations, while job shops are more flexible in operations to respond to the varying demands of customers.

Water Science and Technology, 1995

Sulfate is an important parameter especially for discharges to sewer systems. The textile industr... more Sulfate is an important parameter especially for discharges to sewer systems. The textile industry is a major source of sulfate. Some sulfate sources in the industry have material replacement alternatives. However in some sources, sulfate or species convertible to sulfate are the maio materials. The indigo dyeing process involves sulfur species as main materials. In this study, indigo dyeing wastewaters which contain significant concentrations of oxidized and non-oxidized sulfur components are evaluated in terms of sulfate removal. The approach is a pretreatment at the source before being mixed with other wastewaters. The study is conducted in two steps. In the first step, conversion of species to either sulfide or sulfate is experimentally evaluated. While reduction to sulfide poses problems. oxidation of all species to sulfate is found to be applicable. In the second step sulfate precipitation using calcium. barium and lead is practiced. Calcium precipitation provides up to 30% sulfate removal and these results are supported with existing literature data. Barium sulfate and lead sulfate precipitation provided practically complete removal. Economical evaluation of alternative methods is also given.

Water Science and Technology, 1995

Sulfate is an important parameter especially for discharges to sewer systems. The textile industr... more Sulfate is an important parameter especially for discharges to sewer systems. The textile industry is a major source of sulfate. Some sulfate sources in the industry have material replacement alternatives. However in some sources, sulfate or species convertible to sulfate are the maio materials. The indigo dyeing process involves sulfur species as main materials. In this study, indigo dyeing wastewaters which contain significant concentrations of oxidized and non-oxidized sulfur components are evaluated in terms of sulfate removal. The approach is a pretreatment at the source before being mixed with other wastewaters. The study is conducted in two steps. In the first step, conversion of species to either sulfide or sulfate is experimentally evaluated. While reduction to sulfide poses problems. oxidation of all species to sulfate is found to be applicable. In the second step sulfate precipitation using calcium. barium and lead is practiced. Calcium precipitation provides up to 30% sulfate removal and these results are supported with existing literature data. Barium sulfate and lead sulfate precipitation provided practically complete removal. Economical evaluation of alternative methods is also given.

Water Science and Technology, 1995

Water Research, 1989

ABSTRACT 2,4-D, as one of the most frequently used herbicides nowadays, finds access to treatment... more ABSTRACT 2,4-D, as one of the most frequently used herbicides nowadays, finds access to treatment plants and receiving waters at a significantly increasing pace. These types of organics are commonly investigated either for their toxic properties or their biodegradability. The accumulated information becomes, at times, misleading since 2,4-D, like most similar chemicals, may be a substrate alternately or concurrently, depending on the characteristics of the environment in which it reacts. In this context, this paper studies the fate and impact of 2,4-D in microbial cultures under different conditions. It is found that (a) 2,4-D at short exposure to a microbial culture grown on a Bacto nutrient/sodium acetate mixture remains non-biodegradable, inhibiting the BNB removal rate. (b) The biodegradation of 2,4-D in the same microbial culture is subject to acclimation after 20–40 days. (c) Upon acclimation, 2,4-D is biodegradable as a single substrate or combined with the BNB solution. Its removal may be interpreted by a non-interactive mechanism suggesting the development of a population solely responsible for its degradation, exhibiting a substrate inhibition type of a growth pattern at high 2,4-D concentration. (d) In multi-substrate environments the BNB removal rate is significantly affected by 2,4-D inhibition. (e) The fate and impact of 2,4-D in microbial cultures under different conditions, shows inherent similarities with those of phenol.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2003

This study uses the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurement to measure toxicity effects of 2,4-dichl... more This study uses the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurement to measure toxicity effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on activated sludges fed with the wastewater from a small domestic wastewater treatment plant and peptone-based synthetic wastewater. Two 2 l lab-scale batch reactors were run in parallel with the same F/M ratios (0.4 mg COD per mg VSS per day) to assess the inhibition effects of 2,4-D concentrations between 25 and 75 mg l −1 considering at least a 100% dilution rate, as compared with a pesticide industry effluent containing 20,000-40,000 mg l −1 COD, reaches a central treatment plant. It was noted that the OUR was decreased to 15 and 30%, respectively, when adding 75 mg l −1 of 2,4-D to the domestic and synthetic reactors,. Meanwhile, the addition of 25 plus 50 mg l −1 of 2,4-D in sequence to the domestic wastewater reactor did not significantly affect the OUR profile. The OUR-based inhibition definition has been used in this research since the OUR methods have been frequently used and cited in the literature to study toxicity effects. However, the origin of the sludge used in the testing is also important. Synthetic wastewater may simulate the toxicity studies but with a higher response than actual systems, since the microorganisms are considerably becoming substrate-selective.

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2003

This study was designed to decolorize and to reduce COD content in a mixture of four reactive dye... more This study was designed to decolorize and to reduce COD content in a mixture of four reactive dyes, i.e., Remazol Black 5 (RB5), Remazol Red RB (RR), Remazol Yellow 84 (RY), Remazol Brilliant Blue (RB) using Fenton Oxidation Process (FOP). Optimum pH, temperature, and the doses of FeSO4 and H2O2 were determined. Experiments were conducted on the samples containing a total concentration of 100 mgL(-1) (RB+RY), 200 mg L(-1) (RB5+RR), 300 mg L(-1) (RB5+RR+RB+ RY), and 400 mg L(-1) (RR+RB+RY) dyes considering their actual application doses in dyehouses. Optimum pH was observed as 2.5 at 30 degrees C using 400 mg L(-1) FeSO4 and 800 mg L(-1) of H2O2 resulting in more than 96% COD and 99% Pt-Co unit of color removal for the mixture of RB5 and RR. The optimum conditions determined were 4.0 pH, 50 degrees C, and 500 mg L(-1) FeSO4 applying 1000 mg L(-1) H2O2 for the mixture of (RB5+RR+RB+RY). A 100 mg L(-1) solution of a mixture of RB and RY at equal amounts was oxidized using 200 mg L(-1) FeSO4 and 300 mg L(-1) H2O2 at 3.0 pH and 50 degrees C.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2002

Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, 2008

Pharmaceuticals formulation plants have a variety of wastewater sources. A significant part of th... more Pharmaceuticals formulation plants have a variety of wastewater sources. A significant part of these wastewaters can be directly conducted to central biological treatment. Among the wastewater groups that need a pretreatment, antibiotic wastewaters require a special attention due to their toxicity to biological treatment and low biodegradability. In this study, pretreatment of antibiotic formulation wastewaters by Fenton oxidation process was experimentally investigated. Three different antibiotic formulations, all having common use, were selected. The basic formulation of the antibiotics used were; cefuroxime axetil, ceftriaxone and sulfisoxazole. Strength of all three samples was similar and around 1000 mg/L COD. Fenton oxidation proved very effective on all samples. Optimum conditions of oxidation were found as; pH 2, Fe

Fresenius Environmental Bulletin

ABSTRACT

Water Science & Technology, 2015

In the present study aqueous solutions of Brij30, an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant, were photocat... more In the present study aqueous solutions of Brij30, an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant, were photocatalytically and photochemically treated by employing the TiO2/UV-A, H2O2/UV-C and persulfate (PS)/UV-C processes. During TiO2/UV-A treatment, even in short reaction periods (10 minutes), high rates of Brij30 removals were achieved; however, longer experiment periods (240–480 minutes) were needed in order to obtain notable total organic carbon (TOC) removals. Increasing the TiO2 dosage exhibited a positive effect on treatment efficiencies. For initial pH value of 3.0, increasing the TiO2 dosage from 1.0 to 1.5 g/L resulted in an improvement in Brij30 removal from 64% to 79% after 10 minutes whereas 68 and 88% TOC removals were observed after 480 minutes, respectively. Brij30 removal was very fast and complete via both H2O2/UV-C and PS/UV-C treatments, accompanied with significant mineralization rates ranging between 74 and 80%. Toxicity assessed by Vibrio fischeri, was found to be similar ...

Environmental Technology Reviews, 2012

Cost-effective methods are required to treat a wide range of wastewater pollutants in a diverse r... more Cost-effective methods are required to treat a wide range of wastewater pollutants in a diverse range of conditions. As compared with traditional treatment methods, electrocoagulation provides a relatively compact and robust treatment alternative in which sacrificial metal anodes initiate electrochemical reactions that provide active metal cations for coagulation and flocculation. The inherent advantage of electrocoagulation is that no coagulants have to be added to the wastewater and hence the salinity of the water does not increase after treatment. Electrocoagulation is a complex process involving a multitude of pollutant removal mechanisms operating synergistically. Although numerous publications have appeared in the recent past, the lack of a holistic and systematic approach has resulted in the design of several treatment units without considering the complexity of the system and process control mechanisms. Due to the fact that electrocoagulation is thought to be an enigmatic, promising treatment technology and a cost-effective solution for sustainable water management in the future, it will become increasingly important to provide a deeper insight into the pollutant removal mechanisms involved, kinetic modelling and reactor design. Considering the abovementioned facts, in this paper, industrial wastewater electrocoagulation applications have been reviewed with special emphasis placed on the major reaction mechanisms involved in these applications. Evaluation was based on specific pollutant parameters of the sector as well as operation costs including solid waste management, sacrificial electrode materials and electrical energy requirements.