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Учёные записки Крымского федерального университета имени В. И. Вернадского. География. Геология. Том 5 (71). № 3. 2019 г. С. 226–255., 2019
The article presents the first results of studies of the deposits of the Tavrida Cave (Piedmont C... more The article presents the first results of studies of the deposits of the Tavrida Cave (Piedmont Crimea). Tavrida Cave was discovered during the construction of the federal highway in the Belogorsky district of the Republic of Crimea in June 2018. The cave is a horizontal maze, the length of which at the time of the survey was 1238 m. This is a classic object of the Crimean hypogenic karst formed in Paleo-artesian conditions, with an upward flow of water under pressure from the sediments of the Mazan Formation to overlying Eocene limestones. The cave is located in the nummulite limestones of the Ypres-Ljutet tiers of the Lower-Middle Eocene (Simferopol Formation). The limestones are characterized by high chemical purity (CaCO3 94.58-97.89 % of the mass).
The cave is a unique paleozoological object and one of the oldest in the territory of the Russian Federation cave locations of fossil fauna, containing bone remains of Early Pleistocene animals about 1.8-1.5 million years old.
As a result of the research, a number of patterns were revealed that made it possible to understand some aspects of the cave evolution at the epigenetic stage of evolution.
It has been revealed that modern clay deposits of the cave are mainly of allochthonous origin. The marker of sediment genesis is Fe-montmorillonite, which prevails in the composition of red clays. The origin of Fe-montmorillonite is associated with weathering of volcanic rocks of the Southern coastal massifs, with further denudation of the weathering crust and redeposition in the foothill and lowland Crimea, which occurred in the Pliocene.
Is also described specific type of cave deposits (carbonate sands), which is the eluvium of the host carbonate rocks, formed under conditions of physical weathering and chemical corrosion. Most likely, this type of sediment is generated in near-surface conditions during the formation of limestone weathering crust.
УРАЛЬСКИЙ ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ , 2017
Cave Sheki-Hiech in the Shatoi district of the Chechen Republic was studied for the first time. F... more Cave Sheki-Hiech in the Shatoi district of the Chechen Republic was studied for the first time. Full-scale observations, as well as hydrological, geomorphological, mineralogical and geochemical investigations, allow the Sheki-Hiech cave to be attributed to the object of the modern classical manifestation of sulfuric acid speleogenesis with active mineral formation. A comprehensive study of such an object, formed in extreme conditions of low acidity, is of fundamental scientific importance.
МИНЕРАЛОГИЯ ТЕХНОГЕНЕЗА , 2019
Microbial communities of «moon milk» are presented by oligotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria (in... more Microbial communities of «moon milk» are presented by oligotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria (including species belonging to genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, denitrification bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, bacteria metabolizing organic acids and capable to form alkaline barrier) as well as micromycetes. Deposition of carbonate calcium crystals was observed in matrix of some bacterial colonies forming at in vitro anaerobic cultivation of bacterial communities from «moon milk» and soil of cave massif in media containing sodium and calcium salts of organic acids. Most intense yielding of crystals is observed in nutritional media containing malic and amber acids as carbon and energy sources. In comparison with soil bacteria, bacteria presented in «moonmilk» more capable to deposit crystals of calcium carbonate of diverse morphology in bacterial matrix and around of bacterial colonies.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИНЕРАЛОГИИ, ПЕТРОГРАФИИ И МЕТАЛЛОГЕНИИ. НАУЧНЫЕ ЧТЕНИЯ ПАМЯТИ П.Н. ЧИРВИНСКОГО, 2019
Cave and Karst Science, 2019
Cryogenic mineral formations were studied in the Askinskaya Ice Cave, situated on the Southern Ur... more Cryogenic mineral formations were studied in the Askinskaya Ice Cave, situated on the Southern Ural within Bashkortostan. Investigation of the morphology and elemental composition of cryogenic mineral formations was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXA). Diagnosis of the mineral composition of the samples was carried out using X-ray diffractometry. Calcite is the predominant mineral of the cryogenic suite, with an insignificant admixture of presumably hydrated magnesium carbonates. It is concluded that the cryogenic mineral deposits in the Askinskaya cave owe their genesis to at least two basic mechanisms: 1) crystallization within the freezing film of water on the ice surface, which is the most common mechanism both in the Askinskaya cave and in other ice caves and 2) crystallization inside the fluid inclusions within the ice. This second mechanism is rarely discussed for cave conditions but is known from model experiments on freezing aqueous solutions. There are signs of post-cryogenic transformation of deposits, consisting of agglomerations of primary microcrystalline cryogenic carbonates, with the addition of a new generation of calcite with morphology typical of low supersaturations.
Известия Уральского государственного горного университета., 2017
The article presents the results of investigations of sulfate (gypsum) mineral formation in the s... more The article presents the results of investigations of sulfate (gypsum) mineral formation in the southern halls of the Novoafon cave in the conditions of a loose loamy aggregate. These sediments, which are sediments of cave lakes, refer to pseudomiosilites and myosilites – essentially quartz rocks, poor hydrolysates. The southern halls of the cave are characterized by air temperatures from 12.2 to 13.4 °C. The maxima and minima lag behind the surface for 2-3 months. Observations of the relative humidity of air are fragmentary, but there are data on its significant fluctuations, increased as a result of anthropogenic transformation of the air circulation system (the appearance of artificial tunnels). The studied aggregates of gypsum are characterized by a size range from less than 1 mm and up to 3-4 cm and a wide variety of morphological types. Gypsum is represented by skeletal crystals on which parts of facets of simple forms occur: {010}, { 121} , {110} and rarely {011}. Rounded, lateral with respect to the planes of perfect cleavage {010} of the gypsum surface, speak of a diffuse growth regime. Such a regime can be explained by the composition of the sediments: the clay layers in their composition during the moistening of the cave accumulated capillary water, which was slowly deposited into the growth substrate during the dry periods. Most researchers indicate that in the processes of secondary redeposition of gypsum in caves (irrespective of its initial source) the main role is played by the processes of alternation of moisture with evaporation. Therefore, this type of secondary gypsum mineralization can be considered as an indicator of the microclimatic regime with high-amplitude fluctuations in the relative humidity of air, which has been preserved for a long time. Its further study using isotope techniques can help in the reconstruction of the natural regime of air humidity in the cave (before the anthropogenic transformation of the microclimatic regime).
Abstract: Speleothems composed of fiber micro-crystals of calcite have been investigated in the S... more Abstract: Speleothems composed of fiber micro-crystals of calcite have been investigated in the Shulgan-Tash cave. The data
are presented on the distribution, morphological characteristics, mineral and trace element composition, microcrystalline structure
of the fiber micro-crystals. It is noted that in certain microclimatic conditions, besides well known moonmilk of the “lublinite” type,
coralloids and thick crusts can be formed out of the fiber micro-crystals.
The article presents the results of measurements the radon concentration and radon equilibrium eq... more The article presents the results of measurements the radon concentration and radon equilibrium equivalent concentration (EEC 222Rn) in the New Athos cave system (Abkhazia). Investigations were carried out in September and October 2015. The concentration of radon in the cave was from 155 Bq.m-3 to 3456 Bq.m-3, and EEC 222Rn was from 98 Bq.m-3 to 2519 Bq.m-3. It was found that the main factor influencing the concentration of radon in the cavities of the cave, is the intensity of the air ventilation. The spatial distribution of the concentrations detected zoning, reflecting the different intensity of ventilation cavities atmospheric air. Analysis of the spatial distribution of identified three zones, which differ in terms of air ventilation. Also in the article presents rough calculation of effective doses to guide working in the cave.
Исследованы области распространения гипсовых отложений в Новоафонской пещере, структурно-морфолог... more Исследованы области распространения гипсовых отложений в Новоафонской пещере, структурно-морфологические особенности гипса и приведены результаты определения изотопного состава серы (δ 34 S). формирование массивных гипсовых отложений южных залов пещеры про-исходило путём замещения карбонатных пород в сернокислотных условиях. Выявлено наследо-вание гипсом текстурных и структурных характеристик известняка, присутствие в гипсовом слое остатков нижнемеловой фауны, наличие типичной морфологической формы пещер сернокислот-ного спелеогенеза (SAS) − «карманов замещения», лёгкий изотопный состав серы δ 34 S (от –14.3 до –8.8 ‰). Результаты исследований согласуются с гипотезой о гипогенном происхождении юж-ных залов пещеры с участием сероводородных вод и делают актуальным изучение пещеры с позиции современных представлений о сернокислотном спелеогенезе. Илл. 16. Табл. 1. Библ. 37.
Areas of gypsum occurrence in the Novoafonskaya cave and textural-morphological features of gypsum are studied; the results of sulfur (δ 34 S) isotopic analysis of the mineral are given. The massive gypsum deposits of the southern halls of the cave are a result of replacement of carbonate rocks under sulfuric acid conditions. The gypsum inherits the structural and textural features of limestones, contains the relics of the Lower Cretaceous fauna and is characterized by morphology typical of caves of sulfu-ric acid speleogenesis (SAS) (replacement pockets) and by the light sulfur (δ 34 S) isotopic composition (from –14.3 to –8.8 ‰). The results of studies are consistent with a hypothesis on hypogene origin of the southern halls of the cave, which involves sulfuric acid waters, and make topical its study from the point of view of modern conceptions of sulfuric acid speleogenesis. Figures 16. Tables 1. References 37.
Book Reviews by Olga Chervyatsova
Conference Presentations by Olga Chervyatsova
XXIII Всероссийская научная молодёжная конференция «Уральская минералогическая школа 2-4 ноября 2... more XXIII Всероссийская научная молодёжная конференция «Уральская минералогическая школа 2-4 ноября 2017 г. Екатеринбург: Альфа-Принт, 2017. С. 223-229.
XXIII Всероссийская научная молодёжная конференция «Уральская минералогическая школа 2-4 ноября 2... more XXIII Всероссийская научная молодёжная конференция «Уральская минералогическая школа 2-4 ноября 2017 г. Екатеринбург: Альфа-Принт, 2017. С. 215-222.
Учёные записки Крымского федерального университета имени В. И. Вернадского. География. Геология. Том 5 (71). № 3. 2019 г. С. 226–255., 2019
The article presents the first results of studies of the deposits of the Tavrida Cave (Piedmont C... more The article presents the first results of studies of the deposits of the Tavrida Cave (Piedmont Crimea). Tavrida Cave was discovered during the construction of the federal highway in the Belogorsky district of the Republic of Crimea in June 2018. The cave is a horizontal maze, the length of which at the time of the survey was 1238 m. This is a classic object of the Crimean hypogenic karst formed in Paleo-artesian conditions, with an upward flow of water under pressure from the sediments of the Mazan Formation to overlying Eocene limestones. The cave is located in the nummulite limestones of the Ypres-Ljutet tiers of the Lower-Middle Eocene (Simferopol Formation). The limestones are characterized by high chemical purity (CaCO3 94.58-97.89 % of the mass).
The cave is a unique paleozoological object and one of the oldest in the territory of the Russian Federation cave locations of fossil fauna, containing bone remains of Early Pleistocene animals about 1.8-1.5 million years old.
As a result of the research, a number of patterns were revealed that made it possible to understand some aspects of the cave evolution at the epigenetic stage of evolution.
It has been revealed that modern clay deposits of the cave are mainly of allochthonous origin. The marker of sediment genesis is Fe-montmorillonite, which prevails in the composition of red clays. The origin of Fe-montmorillonite is associated with weathering of volcanic rocks of the Southern coastal massifs, with further denudation of the weathering crust and redeposition in the foothill and lowland Crimea, which occurred in the Pliocene.
Is also described specific type of cave deposits (carbonate sands), which is the eluvium of the host carbonate rocks, formed under conditions of physical weathering and chemical corrosion. Most likely, this type of sediment is generated in near-surface conditions during the formation of limestone weathering crust.
УРАЛЬСКИЙ ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ , 2017
Cave Sheki-Hiech in the Shatoi district of the Chechen Republic was studied for the first time. F... more Cave Sheki-Hiech in the Shatoi district of the Chechen Republic was studied for the first time. Full-scale observations, as well as hydrological, geomorphological, mineralogical and geochemical investigations, allow the Sheki-Hiech cave to be attributed to the object of the modern classical manifestation of sulfuric acid speleogenesis with active mineral formation. A comprehensive study of such an object, formed in extreme conditions of low acidity, is of fundamental scientific importance.
МИНЕРАЛОГИЯ ТЕХНОГЕНЕЗА , 2019
Microbial communities of «moon milk» are presented by oligotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria (in... more Microbial communities of «moon milk» are presented by oligotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria (including species belonging to genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, denitrification bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, bacteria metabolizing organic acids and capable to form alkaline barrier) as well as micromycetes. Deposition of carbonate calcium crystals was observed in matrix of some bacterial colonies forming at in vitro anaerobic cultivation of bacterial communities from «moon milk» and soil of cave massif in media containing sodium and calcium salts of organic acids. Most intense yielding of crystals is observed in nutritional media containing malic and amber acids as carbon and energy sources. In comparison with soil bacteria, bacteria presented in «moonmilk» more capable to deposit crystals of calcium carbonate of diverse morphology in bacterial matrix and around of bacterial colonies.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИНЕРАЛОГИИ, ПЕТРОГРАФИИ И МЕТАЛЛОГЕНИИ. НАУЧНЫЕ ЧТЕНИЯ ПАМЯТИ П.Н. ЧИРВИНСКОГО, 2019
Cave and Karst Science, 2019
Cryogenic mineral formations were studied in the Askinskaya Ice Cave, situated on the Southern Ur... more Cryogenic mineral formations were studied in the Askinskaya Ice Cave, situated on the Southern Ural within Bashkortostan. Investigation of the morphology and elemental composition of cryogenic mineral formations was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXA). Diagnosis of the mineral composition of the samples was carried out using X-ray diffractometry. Calcite is the predominant mineral of the cryogenic suite, with an insignificant admixture of presumably hydrated magnesium carbonates. It is concluded that the cryogenic mineral deposits in the Askinskaya cave owe their genesis to at least two basic mechanisms: 1) crystallization within the freezing film of water on the ice surface, which is the most common mechanism both in the Askinskaya cave and in other ice caves and 2) crystallization inside the fluid inclusions within the ice. This second mechanism is rarely discussed for cave conditions but is known from model experiments on freezing aqueous solutions. There are signs of post-cryogenic transformation of deposits, consisting of agglomerations of primary microcrystalline cryogenic carbonates, with the addition of a new generation of calcite with morphology typical of low supersaturations.
Известия Уральского государственного горного университета., 2017
The article presents the results of investigations of sulfate (gypsum) mineral formation in the s... more The article presents the results of investigations of sulfate (gypsum) mineral formation in the southern halls of the Novoafon cave in the conditions of a loose loamy aggregate. These sediments, which are sediments of cave lakes, refer to pseudomiosilites and myosilites – essentially quartz rocks, poor hydrolysates. The southern halls of the cave are characterized by air temperatures from 12.2 to 13.4 °C. The maxima and minima lag behind the surface for 2-3 months. Observations of the relative humidity of air are fragmentary, but there are data on its significant fluctuations, increased as a result of anthropogenic transformation of the air circulation system (the appearance of artificial tunnels). The studied aggregates of gypsum are characterized by a size range from less than 1 mm and up to 3-4 cm and a wide variety of morphological types. Gypsum is represented by skeletal crystals on which parts of facets of simple forms occur: {010}, { 121} , {110} and rarely {011}. Rounded, lateral with respect to the planes of perfect cleavage {010} of the gypsum surface, speak of a diffuse growth regime. Such a regime can be explained by the composition of the sediments: the clay layers in their composition during the moistening of the cave accumulated capillary water, which was slowly deposited into the growth substrate during the dry periods. Most researchers indicate that in the processes of secondary redeposition of gypsum in caves (irrespective of its initial source) the main role is played by the processes of alternation of moisture with evaporation. Therefore, this type of secondary gypsum mineralization can be considered as an indicator of the microclimatic regime with high-amplitude fluctuations in the relative humidity of air, which has been preserved for a long time. Its further study using isotope techniques can help in the reconstruction of the natural regime of air humidity in the cave (before the anthropogenic transformation of the microclimatic regime).
Abstract: Speleothems composed of fiber micro-crystals of calcite have been investigated in the S... more Abstract: Speleothems composed of fiber micro-crystals of calcite have been investigated in the Shulgan-Tash cave. The data
are presented on the distribution, morphological characteristics, mineral and trace element composition, microcrystalline structure
of the fiber micro-crystals. It is noted that in certain microclimatic conditions, besides well known moonmilk of the “lublinite” type,
coralloids and thick crusts can be formed out of the fiber micro-crystals.
The article presents the results of measurements the radon concentration and radon equilibrium eq... more The article presents the results of measurements the radon concentration and radon equilibrium equivalent concentration (EEC 222Rn) in the New Athos cave system (Abkhazia). Investigations were carried out in September and October 2015. The concentration of radon in the cave was from 155 Bq.m-3 to 3456 Bq.m-3, and EEC 222Rn was from 98 Bq.m-3 to 2519 Bq.m-3. It was found that the main factor influencing the concentration of radon in the cavities of the cave, is the intensity of the air ventilation. The spatial distribution of the concentrations detected zoning, reflecting the different intensity of ventilation cavities atmospheric air. Analysis of the spatial distribution of identified three zones, which differ in terms of air ventilation. Also in the article presents rough calculation of effective doses to guide working in the cave.
Исследованы области распространения гипсовых отложений в Новоафонской пещере, структурно-морфолог... more Исследованы области распространения гипсовых отложений в Новоафонской пещере, структурно-морфологические особенности гипса и приведены результаты определения изотопного состава серы (δ 34 S). формирование массивных гипсовых отложений южных залов пещеры про-исходило путём замещения карбонатных пород в сернокислотных условиях. Выявлено наследо-вание гипсом текстурных и структурных характеристик известняка, присутствие в гипсовом слое остатков нижнемеловой фауны, наличие типичной морфологической формы пещер сернокислот-ного спелеогенеза (SAS) − «карманов замещения», лёгкий изотопный состав серы δ 34 S (от –14.3 до –8.8 ‰). Результаты исследований согласуются с гипотезой о гипогенном происхождении юж-ных залов пещеры с участием сероводородных вод и делают актуальным изучение пещеры с позиции современных представлений о сернокислотном спелеогенезе. Илл. 16. Табл. 1. Библ. 37.
Areas of gypsum occurrence in the Novoafonskaya cave and textural-morphological features of gypsum are studied; the results of sulfur (δ 34 S) isotopic analysis of the mineral are given. The massive gypsum deposits of the southern halls of the cave are a result of replacement of carbonate rocks under sulfuric acid conditions. The gypsum inherits the structural and textural features of limestones, contains the relics of the Lower Cretaceous fauna and is characterized by morphology typical of caves of sulfu-ric acid speleogenesis (SAS) (replacement pockets) and by the light sulfur (δ 34 S) isotopic composition (from –14.3 to –8.8 ‰). The results of studies are consistent with a hypothesis on hypogene origin of the southern halls of the cave, which involves sulfuric acid waters, and make topical its study from the point of view of modern conceptions of sulfuric acid speleogenesis. Figures 16. Tables 1. References 37.
XXIII Всероссийская научная молодёжная конференция «Уральская минералогическая школа 2-4 ноября 2... more XXIII Всероссийская научная молодёжная конференция «Уральская минералогическая школа 2-4 ноября 2017 г. Екатеринбург: Альфа-Принт, 2017. С. 223-229.
XXIII Всероссийская научная молодёжная конференция «Уральская минералогическая школа 2-4 ноября 2... more XXIII Всероссийская научная молодёжная конференция «Уральская минералогическая школа 2-4 ноября 2017 г. Екатеринбург: Альфа-Принт, 2017. С. 215-222.