Olivier Mastain - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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The SAGIR network investigates and records the causes of mortality amongst wild animals in France... more The SAGIR network investigates and records the causes of mortality amongst wild animals in France since 1986. When wild animals are found dead or sick by hunters, hunting federations or public technicians of the ONCFS they are collected and sent to the local veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Post‐mortem examination and subsequent laboratory analyses are then carried out for every wild bird and mammal collected through the SAGIR network. All the data are summarized at a national level (AFSSA Nancy) for epidemiological statistics. In 25 years, we report 7 clinical cases of cerebral coenurosis in free-ranging mountain ungulates in France. Four were diagnosed in chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), 1 in ibex (Capra ibex ibex) and 2 in mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon), all located in the Alps where pastures are widely shared between domestic flocks and wild ungulates during summer. All these animals were found alive or seen alive a few moments before death: they showed neurologic symptoms (amaur...
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015
A specific surveillance program has been set up to monitor avian scavenger populations in the Fre... more A specific surveillance program has been set up to monitor avian scavenger populations in the French Pyrenean Mountains, hosting a high proportion of the French populations. The two main purposes of the study were to identify all causes of death and to investigate poisoning cases. All 170 birds found dead during the 7-year program were submitted to full necropsy, X-Ray, parasitological investigations and consistent analytical toxicology screenings (Cholinesterase inhibitors, anticoagulant rodenticides, organochlorine insecticides, Pb, Cd). Over the study period, 8 Bearded Vultures, 120 Griffon Vultures, 8 Egyptian Vultures and 34 Red kites were eventually collected. Mortality events were often multifactorial, but poisoning was by far the most common cause of death (24.1%), followed by trauma/fall (12%), bacterial diseases and starvation (8%) and electrocution (6%). Illicit use of banned pesticides was identified as a common cause of poisoning (53% of all poisoning cases) and lead poisoning was also identified as a significant toxicant issue (17% of all poisoning cases). Lead isotopic signature could be associated primarily with ammunition. Last, a positive association between trauma and lead contamination was detected, indicating that lead could be a significant contributor to different causes of death. These results urge for severe restrictions on the use of lead ammunition to prevent scavengers from detrimental exposure.
Toxicology Letters, 2010
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 196S (2010) S37-S351 compounds were desorbed into a gas chromatogr... more Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 196S (2010) S37-S351 compounds were desorbed into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for quantification. The method was validated to ensure negligible depletion during extraction. Coefficient of variations for the measured data ranged from 4% to 65% with most of the coefficients (85%) below 35%. (Funded by Syngenta Crop Protection Inc.)
Science of The Total Environment, 2004
Vanadium was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the liver and kidney of several o... more Vanadium was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the liver and kidney of several oiled seabirds that were stranded on the French Atlantic coasts after the Erika wreck and died in wildlife care Centers. Estimated averages were 30 to 77 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww) in the liver and 52 to 72 ng g(-1) wet weight in the kidney. These concentrations were not higher in oiled birds than in dead birds found later, without visible traces of petroleum on beaches not affected by the Erika pollution. Vanadium hepatic and renal concentrations do not seem to be appropriate biomarkers for recent exposure to fuel in seabirds.
Marine Biology, 2003
Polychaete worms (Hediste diversicolor) originating from a strongly metal-contaminated area (Rest... more Polychaete worms (Hediste diversicolor) originating from a strongly metal-contaminated area (Restronguet Creek) and a relatively clean site (Blackwater estuary) were exposed to a range of experimental doses of Ag, Cd, Cu and Zn. Specimens from both populations were compared to assess their relative sensitivity to metal stress and the physiological mechanisms involved in their respective adaptive strategies for coping with increased metal exposures. Taking into account the LC 50 values, increased tolerance to Cd, Cu and Zn of the Restronguet Creek worms over that of the Blackwater was demonstrated, whereas the opposite was shown for Ag. An abundant secretion of mucus in response to toxicants was observed, possibly reducing metal availability for uptake, at least under laboratory conditions. This mechanism was particularly active in specimens from Restronguet Creek exposed to Ag and Cu. Unexpectedly, of the two worm populations, Blackwater worms contained significantly higher concentrations of cytosolic heat-stable compounds (CHSTC), a category of cytosolic components that includes metallothioneins, the detoxificatory role of which is well documented, and other compounds binding trace metals via sulphur bonds. However, the concentration of such compounds is not totally representative in itself of their involvement in metal detoxification, because a high rate of their turnover in metal-exposed worms might be responsible for (at least) the Cu storage associated with S in lysosomes as a consequence of the breakdown of Cu-thionein. Cu-containing lysosomes were abundant in epidermal cells of Restronguet Creek worms, but were lacking in Blackwater worms. Extracellular granules present in the epicuticle also contained S and Cu, their number and size being much more important in Restronguet Creek worms, and they appear to be a major detoxificatory store for accumulated Cu. Spherocrystals in cells of the gut wall seem to be the major detoxified store of Zn in Restronguet Creek worms, whereas in specimens from the Blackwater they were also present but contained only S and Ca at detectable levels. Evidence was also found for the presence of detoxificatory intracellular structures containing other metals and metalloids in the tegument and gut epithelium of Restronguet Creek worms. Carnon River draining a region with a long history of Marine Biology (2003) 143: 731-744
The SAGIR network investigates and records the causes of mortality amongst wild animals in France... more The SAGIR network investigates and records the causes of mortality amongst wild animals in France since 1986. When wild animals are found dead or sick by hunters, hunting federations or public technicians of the ONCFS they are collected and sent to the local veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Post‐mortem examination and subsequent laboratory analyses are then carried out for every wild bird and mammal collected through the SAGIR network. All the data are summarized at a national level (AFSSA Nancy) for epidemiological statistics. In 25 years, we report 7 clinical cases of cerebral coenurosis in free-ranging mountain ungulates in France. Four were diagnosed in chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), 1 in ibex (Capra ibex ibex) and 2 in mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon), all located in the Alps where pastures are widely shared between domestic flocks and wild ungulates during summer. All these animals were found alive or seen alive a few moments before death: they showed neurologic symptoms (amaur...
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015
A specific surveillance program has been set up to monitor avian scavenger populations in the Fre... more A specific surveillance program has been set up to monitor avian scavenger populations in the French Pyrenean Mountains, hosting a high proportion of the French populations. The two main purposes of the study were to identify all causes of death and to investigate poisoning cases. All 170 birds found dead during the 7-year program were submitted to full necropsy, X-Ray, parasitological investigations and consistent analytical toxicology screenings (Cholinesterase inhibitors, anticoagulant rodenticides, organochlorine insecticides, Pb, Cd). Over the study period, 8 Bearded Vultures, 120 Griffon Vultures, 8 Egyptian Vultures and 34 Red kites were eventually collected. Mortality events were often multifactorial, but poisoning was by far the most common cause of death (24.1%), followed by trauma/fall (12%), bacterial diseases and starvation (8%) and electrocution (6%). Illicit use of banned pesticides was identified as a common cause of poisoning (53% of all poisoning cases) and lead poisoning was also identified as a significant toxicant issue (17% of all poisoning cases). Lead isotopic signature could be associated primarily with ammunition. Last, a positive association between trauma and lead contamination was detected, indicating that lead could be a significant contributor to different causes of death. These results urge for severe restrictions on the use of lead ammunition to prevent scavengers from detrimental exposure.
Toxicology Letters, 2010
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 196S (2010) S37-S351 compounds were desorbed into a gas chromatogr... more Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 196S (2010) S37-S351 compounds were desorbed into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for quantification. The method was validated to ensure negligible depletion during extraction. Coefficient of variations for the measured data ranged from 4% to 65% with most of the coefficients (85%) below 35%. (Funded by Syngenta Crop Protection Inc.)
Science of The Total Environment, 2004
Vanadium was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the liver and kidney of several o... more Vanadium was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the liver and kidney of several oiled seabirds that were stranded on the French Atlantic coasts after the Erika wreck and died in wildlife care Centers. Estimated averages were 30 to 77 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww) in the liver and 52 to 72 ng g(-1) wet weight in the kidney. These concentrations were not higher in oiled birds than in dead birds found later, without visible traces of petroleum on beaches not affected by the Erika pollution. Vanadium hepatic and renal concentrations do not seem to be appropriate biomarkers for recent exposure to fuel in seabirds.
Marine Biology, 2003
Polychaete worms (Hediste diversicolor) originating from a strongly metal-contaminated area (Rest... more Polychaete worms (Hediste diversicolor) originating from a strongly metal-contaminated area (Restronguet Creek) and a relatively clean site (Blackwater estuary) were exposed to a range of experimental doses of Ag, Cd, Cu and Zn. Specimens from both populations were compared to assess their relative sensitivity to metal stress and the physiological mechanisms involved in their respective adaptive strategies for coping with increased metal exposures. Taking into account the LC 50 values, increased tolerance to Cd, Cu and Zn of the Restronguet Creek worms over that of the Blackwater was demonstrated, whereas the opposite was shown for Ag. An abundant secretion of mucus in response to toxicants was observed, possibly reducing metal availability for uptake, at least under laboratory conditions. This mechanism was particularly active in specimens from Restronguet Creek exposed to Ag and Cu. Unexpectedly, of the two worm populations, Blackwater worms contained significantly higher concentrations of cytosolic heat-stable compounds (CHSTC), a category of cytosolic components that includes metallothioneins, the detoxificatory role of which is well documented, and other compounds binding trace metals via sulphur bonds. However, the concentration of such compounds is not totally representative in itself of their involvement in metal detoxification, because a high rate of their turnover in metal-exposed worms might be responsible for (at least) the Cu storage associated with S in lysosomes as a consequence of the breakdown of Cu-thionein. Cu-containing lysosomes were abundant in epidermal cells of Restronguet Creek worms, but were lacking in Blackwater worms. Extracellular granules present in the epicuticle also contained S and Cu, their number and size being much more important in Restronguet Creek worms, and they appear to be a major detoxificatory store for accumulated Cu. Spherocrystals in cells of the gut wall seem to be the major detoxified store of Zn in Restronguet Creek worms, whereas in specimens from the Blackwater they were also present but contained only S and Ca at detectable levels. Evidence was also found for the presence of detoxificatory intracellular structures containing other metals and metalloids in the tegument and gut epithelium of Restronguet Creek worms. Carnon River draining a region with a long history of Marine Biology (2003) 143: 731-744