Olle Findahl - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Olle Findahl
Broadband technologies transforming business models and challenging regulatory frameworks – lesso... more Broadband technologies transforming business models and challenging regulatory frameworks – lessons from the music industry : Musiclessons - Deliverable 6. Embedded conflicts in policies, directives and their implementation
Observatorio (OBS*), Jul 2, 2008
Today Internet has existed as a mass medium during more than ten years and has become an importan... more Today Internet has existed as a mass medium during more than ten years and has become an important part of everyday life for a lot of people. What are the effects of this introduction of a new medium in the world of traditional media? What have happened to newspapers, television and radio? It is not only a matter of time; people are spending minutes and hours online instead of reading, listening or viewing. It is also about content; information, news, music and film exist on Internet and to make it even more complicated even newspapers, radio and television exist online. And the content is usually free. So what have happened to traditional media? At first sight it looks like Internet has become a strong competitor, severely affecting the use of newspapers and television. But a more thorough analysis shows that in Sweden Internet has become more of a complement and the use of traditional media go on as before at the same time as the use of the Internet develops and increases.
Quaderns del CAC, 1999
En la era digital el servicio publico de television debe seguir manteniendo algunos delicados equ... more En la era digital el servicio publico de television debe seguir manteniendo algunos delicados equilibrios: entre programar para una mayoria y programar para espectadores con intereses especiales; entre la libertad de expresion y la responsabilidad social, y entre la programacion al servicio del interes nacional y la independencia de la radiodifusion.
Communications, 1998
That which is special about the news is not so much the individual news item but rather the multi... more That which is special about the news is not so much the individual news item but rather the multitude of repetitions and new variations of the same theme which are presented to the news public and which, in the long run, become a part of our collective memory. Up until now, however, only a few detailed long-term studies have taken place. Longitudinal studies are necessary in order to capture the dynamics of how we make use of and are influenced by the news. The basic idea presented here is that the human thought process must be studied in its everyday context and that understanding and making-meaning are situational and must be studied in the concrete situation where created. Results from an one-year panel study, in a combination with in-depth interviews with people in their homes, and focus group discussions based on the screenings of news programs, are presented in this article.
Understanding user behavior and Internet usage patterns is fundamental in developing future acces... more Understanding user behavior and Internet usage patterns is fundamental in developing future access networks and services that meet technical as well as end user needs. User behavior is routinely studied and measured, but with different methods depending on the research discipline of the investigator, and these disciplines rarely cross. We tackle this challenge by combining measurement methods from different research disciplines, with the purpose of finding a complete picture of the user behavior and working towards a unified analysis methodology. In this paper, we provide results, based on measurements performed with three different methods: Internet traffic measurements, web questionnaires and diaries. All measurements were performed in the Acreo National Testbed, where we have access to both the network infrastructure and the end users. By comparing the different measurement methods we find that it is difficult for the end users to estimate the time they spend on different Internet activities although they are fairly well able to estimate the frequency of usage. We see that it is more difficult for end users to estimate their usage of streaming media applications than their HTTP traffic. We also find that though the diaries are quite accurate, the traffic measurements give us a much more detailed picture of the end user activity. We conclude that having a testbed with real end users is invaluable to this kind of study and we emphasize the importance of having access to Internet traffic to gain detailed knowledge of end user behavior.
Communications, 1981
In an attempt to study the role of pictures in connection with the perception of information via ... more In an attempt to study the role of pictures in connection with the perception of information via television, the pictorial accompaniment to some news items in a simulated television aews program was systematically varied. The retention of the verbal message and the perception of the news items were measured for the different illustrations. It was found that the choice of illustration accompanying the investigated news items influenced not only how must the subjects retained of the verbal message, but also what was remembered of the message. In addition, the choice of illustration influenced the perception of the news item. The news stories which most subjects could recall were those illustrated by pictures that corresponded to the verbal information. Least remembered were those which had items 'read by the studio reporter on the screen and those items that consisted of sound only. A news item illustrated by moving pictures was considered more interesting and more informative than one illustrated with a still picture. No difference in retention was noticed between moving and still picture presentation modes. Finally, there was a correlation between age, sex, and education, and how muCh the respondents remembered of the news program. (Author/JY) SVERIGES RADIO Audience and Programme Res OF/EK
VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks, 1995
Looking around in Sweden and the Nordic countries it is hard to find any place where you could st... more Looking around in Sweden and the Nordic countries it is hard to find any place where you could study media psychology. It is even hard to find any media psychologists. The reason is very simple. Academic psychology at the nordic universities has not been interested in media. They think that a media text is too complex and too complicated to study. So we will not find media psychology in a department of Psychology in the nordic countries.
European Journal of Communication, Jun 1, 1989
In the age of satellite television foreign languages will be heard in most people's living r... more In the age of satellite television foreign languages will be heard in most people's living rooms on a day-to-day basis. Will it improve our command and understanding of foreign languages? In Europe language barriers still prevail in many countries, but in Sweden and other minor language countries the barrier toward English is crumbling. The direction of change is clear. The question is how much and how fast Anglo-American influence will continue to grow. If the orientation of our youth is any indication, Sweden appears to be more susceptible to the change — a danger or a possibility — than many other nations.
eChallenges Conference, 2006
A limited number of business and legal solutions have been used over the decades to solve the con... more A limited number of business and legal solutions have been used over the decades to solve the content industry's "problems" arising from new technology. Content industry has been lagging behind technology developers especially when it comes to different file-sharing (Peer-2-Peer) technologies and systems. The paper shows that P2P technology will be necessary in the future. Research has shown that it is possible to group file-sharers in three major gropus-"free riders", "samplers" and "squirrells". Studying the properties of these groups a number of business models can be defined. This study show that business models such as licensing, subscription, retail and e-commerce models can be derived from these groups of users. This study also concludes that new underpinning technologies such as DRM and a natural language approach to content mark up are necessary to be able to develop solutions to make these business models satisfactory for both users and content owners.
Hur farligt ar internet? Resultat fran den svenska delen av den europeiska undersokningen EU Kids... more Hur farligt ar internet? Resultat fran den svenska delen av den europeiska undersokningen EU Kids Online.
The fourth workshop took place 19 April 2006 and was arranged together with SKAP-The Swedish Soci... more The fourth workshop took place 19 April 2006 and was arranged together with SKAP-The Swedish Society of Popular Music Composers. The discussion showed that there are lots of historical parallels in the present conflict between the copyright rules and new user patterns resulting from technical developments. A proposal to introduce a licensing fee to be divided among rights holders has both supporters and opponents. Among the opponents are the representatives from the larger record companies as well as from independents but with completely different motivations. The four global or "major" record companies say that licensing means an unacceptable loss of control of the works and the independents consider licensing unmotivated since file sharing of mp3-files is marketing and all hinders for such distribution will result in a backlash for the rights holders. Many independents also believe that any such licence model would lead to a majority of incoming revenues going solely to the major companies and not to smaller players. Representatives present from the legal committee of the Swedish parliament expressed a keen interest in a licensing system.
Nordicom Information, 2011
Impact assessment on policies, directives and business models – Final thoughts : Musiclessons - D... more Impact assessment on policies, directives and business models – Final thoughts : Musiclessons - Deliverable 8b. Broadband technologies transforming business models and challenging regulatory frameworks – lessons from the music industry
eChallenges Conference, 2006
The fourth workshop took place 19 April 2006 and was arranged together with SKAP-The Swedish Soci... more The fourth workshop took place 19 April 2006 and was arranged together with SKAP-The Swedish Society of Popular Music Composers. The discussion showed that there are lots of historical parallels in the present conflict between the copyright rules and new user patterns resulting from technical developments. A proposal to introduce a licensing fee to be divided among rights holders has both supporters and opponents. Among the opponents are the representatives from the larger record companies as well as from independents but with completely different motivations. The four global or "major" record companies say that licensing means an unacceptable loss of control of the works and the independents consider licensing unmotivated since file sharing of mp3-files is marketing and all hinders for such distribution will result in a backlash for the rights holders. Many independents also believe that any such licence model would lead to a majority of incoming revenues going solely to the major companies and not to smaller players. Representatives present from the legal committee of the Swedish parliament expressed a keen interest in a licensing system.
Elsevier eBooks, 1982
Comprehension of broadcast news like all language comprehension is a result of an interaction bet... more Comprehension of broadcast news like all language comprehension is a result of an interaction between the reader or listener and the content, its presentation, form and context. Several of the many obstacles to comprehension are discussed in this paper with its point of departure in a long-term project dealing with the comprehension of news. The project includes both experimental research with fictitious but realistic news programs and a thorough analysis of the daily news broadcasts.
Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Sep 1, 1985
... Findahl & Hoijer/Characteristics of News Memory 393 ... The corresponding news item i... more ... Findahl & Hoijer/Characteristics of News Memory 393 ... The corresponding news item in Experiment 1 was about a state of emergency in Argentina. ... multivariate analysis was conducted as a breakdown of data to a three-dimensional table (gender x age x education) consisting of ...
Broadband technologies transforming business models and challenging regulatory frameworks – lesso... more Broadband technologies transforming business models and challenging regulatory frameworks – lessons from the music industry : Musiclessons - Deliverable 6. Embedded conflicts in policies, directives and their implementation
Observatorio (OBS*), Jul 2, 2008
Today Internet has existed as a mass medium during more than ten years and has become an importan... more Today Internet has existed as a mass medium during more than ten years and has become an important part of everyday life for a lot of people. What are the effects of this introduction of a new medium in the world of traditional media? What have happened to newspapers, television and radio? It is not only a matter of time; people are spending minutes and hours online instead of reading, listening or viewing. It is also about content; information, news, music and film exist on Internet and to make it even more complicated even newspapers, radio and television exist online. And the content is usually free. So what have happened to traditional media? At first sight it looks like Internet has become a strong competitor, severely affecting the use of newspapers and television. But a more thorough analysis shows that in Sweden Internet has become more of a complement and the use of traditional media go on as before at the same time as the use of the Internet develops and increases.
Quaderns del CAC, 1999
En la era digital el servicio publico de television debe seguir manteniendo algunos delicados equ... more En la era digital el servicio publico de television debe seguir manteniendo algunos delicados equilibrios: entre programar para una mayoria y programar para espectadores con intereses especiales; entre la libertad de expresion y la responsabilidad social, y entre la programacion al servicio del interes nacional y la independencia de la radiodifusion.
Communications, 1998
That which is special about the news is not so much the individual news item but rather the multi... more That which is special about the news is not so much the individual news item but rather the multitude of repetitions and new variations of the same theme which are presented to the news public and which, in the long run, become a part of our collective memory. Up until now, however, only a few detailed long-term studies have taken place. Longitudinal studies are necessary in order to capture the dynamics of how we make use of and are influenced by the news. The basic idea presented here is that the human thought process must be studied in its everyday context and that understanding and making-meaning are situational and must be studied in the concrete situation where created. Results from an one-year panel study, in a combination with in-depth interviews with people in their homes, and focus group discussions based on the screenings of news programs, are presented in this article.
Understanding user behavior and Internet usage patterns is fundamental in developing future acces... more Understanding user behavior and Internet usage patterns is fundamental in developing future access networks and services that meet technical as well as end user needs. User behavior is routinely studied and measured, but with different methods depending on the research discipline of the investigator, and these disciplines rarely cross. We tackle this challenge by combining measurement methods from different research disciplines, with the purpose of finding a complete picture of the user behavior and working towards a unified analysis methodology. In this paper, we provide results, based on measurements performed with three different methods: Internet traffic measurements, web questionnaires and diaries. All measurements were performed in the Acreo National Testbed, where we have access to both the network infrastructure and the end users. By comparing the different measurement methods we find that it is difficult for the end users to estimate the time they spend on different Internet activities although they are fairly well able to estimate the frequency of usage. We see that it is more difficult for end users to estimate their usage of streaming media applications than their HTTP traffic. We also find that though the diaries are quite accurate, the traffic measurements give us a much more detailed picture of the end user activity. We conclude that having a testbed with real end users is invaluable to this kind of study and we emphasize the importance of having access to Internet traffic to gain detailed knowledge of end user behavior.
Communications, 1981
In an attempt to study the role of pictures in connection with the perception of information via ... more In an attempt to study the role of pictures in connection with the perception of information via television, the pictorial accompaniment to some news items in a simulated television aews program was systematically varied. The retention of the verbal message and the perception of the news items were measured for the different illustrations. It was found that the choice of illustration accompanying the investigated news items influenced not only how must the subjects retained of the verbal message, but also what was remembered of the message. In addition, the choice of illustration influenced the perception of the news item. The news stories which most subjects could recall were those illustrated by pictures that corresponded to the verbal information. Least remembered were those which had items 'read by the studio reporter on the screen and those items that consisted of sound only. A news item illustrated by moving pictures was considered more interesting and more informative than one illustrated with a still picture. No difference in retention was noticed between moving and still picture presentation modes. Finally, there was a correlation between age, sex, and education, and how muCh the respondents remembered of the news program. (Author/JY) SVERIGES RADIO Audience and Programme Res OF/EK
VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks, 1995
Looking around in Sweden and the Nordic countries it is hard to find any place where you could st... more Looking around in Sweden and the Nordic countries it is hard to find any place where you could study media psychology. It is even hard to find any media psychologists. The reason is very simple. Academic psychology at the nordic universities has not been interested in media. They think that a media text is too complex and too complicated to study. So we will not find media psychology in a department of Psychology in the nordic countries.
European Journal of Communication, Jun 1, 1989
In the age of satellite television foreign languages will be heard in most people's living r... more In the age of satellite television foreign languages will be heard in most people's living rooms on a day-to-day basis. Will it improve our command and understanding of foreign languages? In Europe language barriers still prevail in many countries, but in Sweden and other minor language countries the barrier toward English is crumbling. The direction of change is clear. The question is how much and how fast Anglo-American influence will continue to grow. If the orientation of our youth is any indication, Sweden appears to be more susceptible to the change — a danger or a possibility — than many other nations.
eChallenges Conference, 2006
A limited number of business and legal solutions have been used over the decades to solve the con... more A limited number of business and legal solutions have been used over the decades to solve the content industry's "problems" arising from new technology. Content industry has been lagging behind technology developers especially when it comes to different file-sharing (Peer-2-Peer) technologies and systems. The paper shows that P2P technology will be necessary in the future. Research has shown that it is possible to group file-sharers in three major gropus-"free riders", "samplers" and "squirrells". Studying the properties of these groups a number of business models can be defined. This study show that business models such as licensing, subscription, retail and e-commerce models can be derived from these groups of users. This study also concludes that new underpinning technologies such as DRM and a natural language approach to content mark up are necessary to be able to develop solutions to make these business models satisfactory for both users and content owners.
Hur farligt ar internet? Resultat fran den svenska delen av den europeiska undersokningen EU Kids... more Hur farligt ar internet? Resultat fran den svenska delen av den europeiska undersokningen EU Kids Online.
The fourth workshop took place 19 April 2006 and was arranged together with SKAP-The Swedish Soci... more The fourth workshop took place 19 April 2006 and was arranged together with SKAP-The Swedish Society of Popular Music Composers. The discussion showed that there are lots of historical parallels in the present conflict between the copyright rules and new user patterns resulting from technical developments. A proposal to introduce a licensing fee to be divided among rights holders has both supporters and opponents. Among the opponents are the representatives from the larger record companies as well as from independents but with completely different motivations. The four global or "major" record companies say that licensing means an unacceptable loss of control of the works and the independents consider licensing unmotivated since file sharing of mp3-files is marketing and all hinders for such distribution will result in a backlash for the rights holders. Many independents also believe that any such licence model would lead to a majority of incoming revenues going solely to the major companies and not to smaller players. Representatives present from the legal committee of the Swedish parliament expressed a keen interest in a licensing system.
Nordicom Information, 2011
Impact assessment on policies, directives and business models – Final thoughts : Musiclessons - D... more Impact assessment on policies, directives and business models – Final thoughts : Musiclessons - Deliverable 8b. Broadband technologies transforming business models and challenging regulatory frameworks – lessons from the music industry
eChallenges Conference, 2006
The fourth workshop took place 19 April 2006 and was arranged together with SKAP-The Swedish Soci... more The fourth workshop took place 19 April 2006 and was arranged together with SKAP-The Swedish Society of Popular Music Composers. The discussion showed that there are lots of historical parallels in the present conflict between the copyright rules and new user patterns resulting from technical developments. A proposal to introduce a licensing fee to be divided among rights holders has both supporters and opponents. Among the opponents are the representatives from the larger record companies as well as from independents but with completely different motivations. The four global or "major" record companies say that licensing means an unacceptable loss of control of the works and the independents consider licensing unmotivated since file sharing of mp3-files is marketing and all hinders for such distribution will result in a backlash for the rights holders. Many independents also believe that any such licence model would lead to a majority of incoming revenues going solely to the major companies and not to smaller players. Representatives present from the legal committee of the Swedish parliament expressed a keen interest in a licensing system.
Elsevier eBooks, 1982
Comprehension of broadcast news like all language comprehension is a result of an interaction bet... more Comprehension of broadcast news like all language comprehension is a result of an interaction between the reader or listener and the content, its presentation, form and context. Several of the many obstacles to comprehension are discussed in this paper with its point of departure in a long-term project dealing with the comprehension of news. The project includes both experimental research with fictitious but realistic news programs and a thorough analysis of the daily news broadcasts.
Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Sep 1, 1985
... Findahl & Hoijer/Characteristics of News Memory 393 ... The corresponding news item i... more ... Findahl & Hoijer/Characteristics of News Memory 393 ... The corresponding news item in Experiment 1 was about a state of emergency in Argentina. ... multivariate analysis was conducted as a breakdown of data to a three-dimensional table (gender x age x education) consisting of ...
Eighteen years after the the diffusion started in 1995, the internet today has an assured place i... more Eighteen years after the the diffusion
started in 1995, the internet today has an
assured place in the majority of Swedes’
everyday life next to the daily newspaper,
magazines, radio, books and television.
Use has stabilized and become part of the
daily routine.
In recent years, the mobile internet
has made inroads. The internet has been
moved from the desktop computer to
smartphones and tablets. After the primary
diffusion phase and the subsequent
broadband phase, we are now in the mobile
phase. How does it change the internet’s
availability and human use patterns? When
new technologies are spreading, new digital
divides arise. What do they look like? Is
there potential to bridge the gap?
Smartphones and tablets make the internet
available everywhere. Does this
mean that they will eventually outrank
the traditional computer?
The content of traditional media such
as newspapers, radio and television is now
easy to peruse on the internet anytime and
anywhere. Does this mean that the traditional
media forms are about to lose out to
the digital forms on the internet?
There are still many questions to answer
eighteen years after the diffusion of
the internet started to take up speed and
new questions arise all the time.
Olle Findahl