Adeolu Oluremi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Adeolu Oluremi

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and related risk factors in children in Awo and Iragberi, Nigeria

Journal of Immunoassay & Immunochemistry, May 9, 2016

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidiosis is an important major cause of enteric parasitic infection among infan... more ABSTRACT Cryptosporidiosis is an important major cause of enteric parasitic infection among infants and children in developing countries with morbidity and mortality especially among immune- deficient individuals. Poor performance of traditional diagnostic procedures in many laboratories can resulted in misdiagnosis and mistreatment, thereby probably promotes drug resistance. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of enteric Cryptosporidiosis in children attending primary health centers in Egbedore local government area of Osun State, Nigeria between July–December 2014. Informed consent questionnaires were administered to collect demographic data and a total of 180 stool samples were collected to detect Cryptosporidium oocyst and antigen using Modified Ziehl Neelsen (MZN) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, respectively. Prevalence of 38.3% (72/188) and 46.8% (88/188) was obtained by MZN and ELISA, respectively. The prevalence was higher in children between 1–2.5 years and lower in children above 2.5 years. There was significant association between diarrhea and prevalence rate (P = 0.006; P < 0.05) for ELISA and ZN, respectively. The present results show that cryptosporidiosis poses a public health challenge in children found in Egbedore. This study also warrants intensified effort towards awareness of the disease and proper diagnosis is needed most especially among immunocompromised individuals.

Research paper thumbnail of Prognostic significance of serum telomerase activity in the monitoring of hepatitis B viral infection

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, 2021

Hepatitis B viral infection could be complicated by hepatocellular degeneration, liver cirrhosis,... more Hepatitis B viral infection could be complicated by hepatocellular degeneration, liver cirrhosis, and cancer. A total of 87 participants - 29 each of symptomatic and asymptomatic hepatitis B positive, and hepatitis B negative individuals (controls) - were recruited, and their serum samples were evaluated for serum telomerase (a biomarker for cell aging and tumorigenesis), alpha fetoprotein, and liver enzymes. Serum telomerase of the symptomatic group was higher than that of the asymptomatic group and the control (P < .001). Serum α-fetoprotein in the symptomatic group was also higher than the asymptomatic group and the controls (P < .001). The mean AST value for the symptomatic test group was higher than the asymptomatic test group and the control (P < .001). The mean ALT value for the symptomatic test group was higher than the asymptomatic test group and the control (P < .001). However, serum α-fetoprotein, AST, and ALT in the asymptomatic group were not significantly different from the controls. Serum telomerase activity was higher in symptomatic and asymptomatic HBV subjects compared with controls; this provides better information than AFP and liver enzymes that were only higher in symptomatic subjects. Serum telomerase activity could therefore be used as a marker in predicting the onset of hepatocarcinogenesis.Abbreviation listHBV: Hepatitis B virus; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CLD: Chronic liver disease; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase; TERC: Telomerase RNA component; WHO: World Health Organization; BUHREC: Babcock University Health Research Ethics Committee; CTL: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of the two Diagnostic Methods Used for the Detection of Cryptosporidium Infection among HIV Patients in Osogbo, Nigeria

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2018

Cryptosporidiosis is the chief AIDS-defining infection in no more than 2% of HIV reported cases. ... more Cryptosporidiosis is the chief AIDS-defining infection in no more than 2% of HIV reported cases. Aim of the Study: This was carried out to assess the efficacy of two diagnostic methods for the detection of Cryptosporidiosis among HIV individuals in Osogbo.

Research paper thumbnail of High seroprevalence of viral hepatitis among animal handlers in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, 2020

Viral hepatitis is a deadly disease which can manifest as acute, chronic, hepatocellular carcinom... more Viral hepatitis is a deadly disease which can manifest as acute, chronic, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Information about hepatitis is scarce among animal handlers. Due to Federal Government of Nigeria diversification programmes, many people are now involved in animal farming which can make them susceptible to viral hepatitis. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Hepatitis B, C, and E viruses among animal handlers in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigerian. A total of 156 subjects were recruited for the study. Sociodemographic and risks factors data were fetched from subjects using intervieweradministered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected via venepuncture and tested for HCV, HBV, and HEV using ELISA technique. Results were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0 and P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The prevalence of HCV, HBV, and HEV were 46 (29.5%), 20 (12.8%), and 4 (2.6%) respectively while 6 (3.8%), 1 (0.6%), and 1 (0.6%) had coinfection of HBV-HCV, HBV-HEV, and HCV-HEV respectively. This study concludes that there is high prevalence of hepatitis C and B viruses among animal handlers in Abeokuta, Ogun state which is of significant public health problem, warranting further attention and research.

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation of Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein, Tumour Necrosis Factor - alpha with Liver Enzymes in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, Aug 3, 2019

Aim: This study investigated the relationship between small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL)... more Aim: This study investigated the relationship between small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Research paper thumbnail of In-vitro Susceptibility of Candida Pathogens Isolated From Clinical Specimens to Available Antifungal Agents in Nigeria

International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, Jan 10, 2015

Aim: To characterize clinica l isolates of Candida species from a tertiary hospital in South West... more Aim: To characterize clinica l isolates of Candida species from a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria and also to determine their susceptibility to antifungal agents in order to guide in the course of empirical treatment of patients visiting hospitals in Nigeria. Study Design: Thi s was a cross sectional study . Place and Duration of Study: Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Laboratory, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Study duration was Five (5) months. Methods: One hundred and twenty - four Candida species obtained from various body sites were identified and speciated using conventional and analytical profile index (API) for Candida and the susceptibility to 5 antifungal agents was determined using disc and macrodilution methods.

Research paper thumbnail of Serological evidence of HIV, Hepatitis B, C, and E viruses among liver disease patients attending tertiary hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry

Hepatitis infection in HIV positive individuals with liver diseases causes high mortality worldwi... more Hepatitis infection in HIV positive individuals with liver diseases causes high mortality worldwide. HIV worsens the pathological effect of hepatitis viruses and potentiates reactivation of latent hepatitis infections due to reduced immunity. This research therefore aimed to study the occurrence of HIV and hepatitis viruses among liver diseases patients (LVDP) attending tertiary hospitals in Osun State, southwestern Nigeria. A total of 121 LVDP blood samples collected were tested for HIV and Hepatitis B, C, and E using and enzyme linked Immunossorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using packages within SPSS and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Prevalence of 32.2%, 0.8%, 10.7%, and 18.2% for HBsAg, Anti-HCV, HEV-IgM, and HIV were found respectively. Marital status showed a significant association with HEV-IgM infection (χ 2 = 9.869, P = .020). The prevalence of HBsAg, HEV, and HIV among LVDP in Osun State is alarming and health education among the patients and general populace is hereby advocated. High HEV-IgM seroprevalence implies that HEV routine screening should be incorporated into blood screening. Since HEV is associated with unhygienic practice, people should be enlightened on how to improve their living conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of A novel report of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 gene from animal and human feacal samples in Nigeria

Pan African Journal of Life Sciences, 2018

Background: The mobilized colistin resistance (m cr)-1 gene confers transferable colistin resista... more Background: The mobilized colistin resistance (m cr)-1 gene confers transferable colistin resistance. Reports of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPE) have attracted substantial attention. However, in Nigeria, there is no report of mcr-1 gene resistance. Since colistin is a last resort for multiple drug-resistant isolates, this study therefore report the prevalence of mcr-1 gene among E. coli isolated from human and animal sources. Methods: Out of a total of 280 samples collected from animal and hum an faecal samples from selected farms in Oyo and Osun States, Southwestern Nigeria between July 2015 and June 2016, 60 E. coli were identified using standard microbiological methods. The mcr-1 gene was detected in the isolates by conventional PCR assay. Results: The m cr-1 gene was low and not statistically significant (p≥0.05). It was detected in 5 (8.3%) of 60 E. coli isolates (4= animals; 1= human) Conclusion: This study is the first report of mcr -1 gene from E. coli from human and...

Research paper thumbnail of High Viral Hepatitis Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital Ibadan (AMTHI) Oyo State, Nigeria

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, 2020

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) are highly endemic ... more Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) are highly endemic in several African countries including Nigeria with adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes resulting in fatality. This study aimed to determine the viral hepatitis in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic, AMTHI. Informed consent questionnaire was administered before blood collection via venipuncture. a total of 904 pregnant women plasma samples were tested for HBV, HCV, and HEV using ELISA kit. Data was analyzed using packages within SPSS software and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Out of 904 samples analyzed, the overall prevalence of hepatitis infections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in AMTHI was 66(7.3%). High prevalence of the hepatitis infections was found among young women within the age group 21-30 which might be associated with active sex, intravenous drug use, sharing of sharp objects and alcoholism. Blood group O Positive had the highest prevalence of hepatitis. There was statistical significance between blood group and HBsAg infection (P < .05). Genotype AA women had highest prevalence of hepatitis. This study showed significant association between HBsAg, HCV, and HEV positive status with blood group O positive and Genotype AA pregnant women.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection among Students of a Private Tertiary Institution in South-Western Nigeria

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, Jun 10, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Human Herpesvirus Type 8 among Prostate Cancer Patients Compared to Cancer-Free Men

International Journal of Cancer Management, 2021

Background: As one of the most prevalent cancers in men, prostate cancer is a condition with mult... more Background: As one of the most prevalent cancers in men, prostate cancer is a condition with multiple causes. Viral infections have been identified as one of the major sources of elevated incidence of prostate cancer. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the association of the risk of prostate cancer and its aggressiveness with seropositivity of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and/or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Methods: Totally, 103 men with prostate cancer as cases and 81 healthy individuals as controls were included in this case-control analysis and provided a serum sample. The specific IgG antibodies against HSV-2 and HHV-8 were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To determine the association between HSV-2, HHV-8, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and demographic variables with incidence of prostate cancer, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied. Results: The results of the univariate logistic regression model...

Research paper thumbnail of Sero-Prevalence of Anti-Toxoplasma Gondii IgM and IgG Antibodies among Young Adults with History of Ocular Infection in South-Western Nigeria

Toxoplasma gondii causes a vision-threatening parasitic disease (ocular toxoplasmosis) which has ... more Toxoplasma gondii causes a vision-threatening parasitic disease (ocular toxoplasmosis) which has been associated with posterior uveitis worldwide both in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals. This study investigated the sero-prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among undergraduate Students of Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State. The serum samples of 150 participants (75 males and 75 females, aged 16-36 years) with history of eye infection were randomly collected and screened using a one-step Bio-check Toxo IgM/IgG Rapid Antibody Test Cassette (Blue Cross Bio-Medical Co., Ltd, Beijing, China). The demographic and clinical information of the participants were also collected using a structured questionnaire. The outcome of the study shows that out of the 150 participants screened, 3 (2.0%) participants tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody only, 1 (0.7%) tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM antibody only, while 1 (0.7%) person...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge and Willingness of young Adult to Participate in Early HIV Vaccine Trial in Nigeria

Nigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic (3.4 million) in the world with 3.2% of her young adu... more Nigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic (3.4 million) in the world with 3.2% of her young adults infected. Knowledge and willingness of young adults to participate in early HIV vaccine trial (EHVT) are essential for future interventions. This study aimed to investigate factors influencing willingness to participate (WTP) in EHVT. A cross-sectional study was employed to fetch data from 750 young adults (18-40years) recruited by systematic random sampling between June to December 2016. An informed consent questionnaire addressing socio-demographic factors, contraceptive practices, risky behaviours, knowledge and perception of EHVT study was completed by the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software and p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Up to 240 (32.0%) of 750 expressed WTP in a vaccine study. There was a significant association between the WTP with; education levels (P=0.001), knowledge about HIV vaccine trial (HVT) studies (P=0.003); a positive insight towar...

Research paper thumbnail of Candidiasis in HIV Positive Female Adults on HAART in Ogun State, Nigeria: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility Study

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains one of the largest pandemics in the world. Globally, a... more Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains one of the largest pandemics in the world. Globally, an estimated 37.9 million people are living with HIV, 21.7 million people are accessing antiretroviral therapy, 1.8 million people became newly infected and 940,000 people have died from HIV-related illness in 2017 [1-3 ]. Nigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic in the world and one of the highest new infection rates in Sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Currently, about 1.9 million Nigerians (1.4%, ages 15-49 years) are living with HIV and about 33% are unaware of their HIV status.

Research paper thumbnail of Global molecular diversity of Hepatitis E virus in wild boar and domestic pig

Research paper thumbnail of Contribution of NDM and OXA-type carbapenemases to carbapenem resistance in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii from Nigeria

Infectious Diseases, 2020

Abstract Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii infections are rarely diagnosed in many hospitals in ... more Abstract Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii infections are rarely diagnosed in many hospitals in Nigeria due to a lack of capacity for the identification of the organism in spite of the clinical significance of this opportunistic nosocomial organism. We assembled a panel of presumptive isolates of A. baumannii from tertiary hospitals in Nigeria and analysed mechanisms of resistance phenotypically and by whole genome sequencing. Materials and methods: Twenty-one clinical isolates of A. baumannii identified using standard microbiological tests were tested for susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics by the agar dilution method, and production of ESBLs using phenotypic tests. Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis were used to determine the antimicrobial resistance genes, strain types, phylogenetic relationships and genetic context of resistance genes. Results: The MIC50 and MIC90 of most antibiotics were very high with no difference between MIC50 and MIC90 values apart for amikacin, meropenem and colistin where MIC50 and MIC90 ranged between 1–4 µg/ml and 64–>64 µg/ml, respectively. Multiple resistance genes were detected in most of the isolates including blaNDM-1, various blaOXA-51 family alleles and blaOXA-23. Interestingly, blaNDM-1 carriage did not always result in phenotypic carbapenem resistance. Whole genome alignments typing showed strains belonged to three major clades. Strains within these clades had different resistance genes and resistance patterns. Conclusions: This report shows a high level of resistance to important antibiotics and carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii in Nigeria. We hope this work will serve as a reference for future study in the sub-Saharan region of Africa.

Research paper thumbnail of Erythromycin Resistance Determinants in Clinical Gram Positive Cocci Isolated from Nigerian Patients

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Oral Bacterial Profile and Antibiogram of Patients Attending Dental Clinic of a Private Tertiary Hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria

Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases in Cephalosporin and Carbapenem Resistance in Escherichia coli from Inpatients and Outpatients in Nigeria

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Current Crises, Controversies and Global Strategies to Prevent a Pandemic

International Journal of Pathogen Research, 2020

The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) has been implicated in the outbreak of an uncommon pneumon... more The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) has been implicated in the outbreak of an uncommon pneumonia in Chinese City of Wuhan, Hubei Province first reported in late December 2019. Since then, infection has spread to other Chinese cities, as well as internationally, threatening to trigger a pandemic. On January 30 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) in an effort to slow down the global spread of the virus declared the outbreak, “A global public health emergency of international concern”. As at the time of this review, there were more than 31 000 confirmed cases and 638 deaths reported globally. Controversies exist on the origin of the virus with diverse views. The swift rise in morbidity and mortality rate of the virus has caused widespread alarm in China and other parts of the world. This review is aimed at providing relevant information on the possible origin of the virus, its mode of transmission, associated risk factors, existing controversies, consequences of the current tr...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and related risk factors in children in Awo and Iragberi, Nigeria

Journal of Immunoassay & Immunochemistry, May 9, 2016

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidiosis is an important major cause of enteric parasitic infection among infan... more ABSTRACT Cryptosporidiosis is an important major cause of enteric parasitic infection among infants and children in developing countries with morbidity and mortality especially among immune- deficient individuals. Poor performance of traditional diagnostic procedures in many laboratories can resulted in misdiagnosis and mistreatment, thereby probably promotes drug resistance. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of enteric Cryptosporidiosis in children attending primary health centers in Egbedore local government area of Osun State, Nigeria between July–December 2014. Informed consent questionnaires were administered to collect demographic data and a total of 180 stool samples were collected to detect Cryptosporidium oocyst and antigen using Modified Ziehl Neelsen (MZN) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, respectively. Prevalence of 38.3% (72/188) and 46.8% (88/188) was obtained by MZN and ELISA, respectively. The prevalence was higher in children between 1–2.5 years and lower in children above 2.5 years. There was significant association between diarrhea and prevalence rate (P = 0.006; P < 0.05) for ELISA and ZN, respectively. The present results show that cryptosporidiosis poses a public health challenge in children found in Egbedore. This study also warrants intensified effort towards awareness of the disease and proper diagnosis is needed most especially among immunocompromised individuals.

Research paper thumbnail of Prognostic significance of serum telomerase activity in the monitoring of hepatitis B viral infection

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, 2021

Hepatitis B viral infection could be complicated by hepatocellular degeneration, liver cirrhosis,... more Hepatitis B viral infection could be complicated by hepatocellular degeneration, liver cirrhosis, and cancer. A total of 87 participants - 29 each of symptomatic and asymptomatic hepatitis B positive, and hepatitis B negative individuals (controls) - were recruited, and their serum samples were evaluated for serum telomerase (a biomarker for cell aging and tumorigenesis), alpha fetoprotein, and liver enzymes. Serum telomerase of the symptomatic group was higher than that of the asymptomatic group and the control (P < .001). Serum α-fetoprotein in the symptomatic group was also higher than the asymptomatic group and the controls (P < .001). The mean AST value for the symptomatic test group was higher than the asymptomatic test group and the control (P < .001). The mean ALT value for the symptomatic test group was higher than the asymptomatic test group and the control (P < .001). However, serum α-fetoprotein, AST, and ALT in the asymptomatic group were not significantly different from the controls. Serum telomerase activity was higher in symptomatic and asymptomatic HBV subjects compared with controls; this provides better information than AFP and liver enzymes that were only higher in symptomatic subjects. Serum telomerase activity could therefore be used as a marker in predicting the onset of hepatocarcinogenesis.Abbreviation listHBV: Hepatitis B virus; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CLD: Chronic liver disease; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase; TERC: Telomerase RNA component; WHO: World Health Organization; BUHREC: Babcock University Health Research Ethics Committee; CTL: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of the two Diagnostic Methods Used for the Detection of Cryptosporidium Infection among HIV Patients in Osogbo, Nigeria

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2018

Cryptosporidiosis is the chief AIDS-defining infection in no more than 2% of HIV reported cases. ... more Cryptosporidiosis is the chief AIDS-defining infection in no more than 2% of HIV reported cases. Aim of the Study: This was carried out to assess the efficacy of two diagnostic methods for the detection of Cryptosporidiosis among HIV individuals in Osogbo.

Research paper thumbnail of High seroprevalence of viral hepatitis among animal handlers in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, 2020

Viral hepatitis is a deadly disease which can manifest as acute, chronic, hepatocellular carcinom... more Viral hepatitis is a deadly disease which can manifest as acute, chronic, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Information about hepatitis is scarce among animal handlers. Due to Federal Government of Nigeria diversification programmes, many people are now involved in animal farming which can make them susceptible to viral hepatitis. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Hepatitis B, C, and E viruses among animal handlers in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigerian. A total of 156 subjects were recruited for the study. Sociodemographic and risks factors data were fetched from subjects using intervieweradministered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected via venepuncture and tested for HCV, HBV, and HEV using ELISA technique. Results were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0 and P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The prevalence of HCV, HBV, and HEV were 46 (29.5%), 20 (12.8%), and 4 (2.6%) respectively while 6 (3.8%), 1 (0.6%), and 1 (0.6%) had coinfection of HBV-HCV, HBV-HEV, and HCV-HEV respectively. This study concludes that there is high prevalence of hepatitis C and B viruses among animal handlers in Abeokuta, Ogun state which is of significant public health problem, warranting further attention and research.

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation of Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein, Tumour Necrosis Factor - alpha with Liver Enzymes in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, Aug 3, 2019

Aim: This study investigated the relationship between small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL)... more Aim: This study investigated the relationship between small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Research paper thumbnail of In-vitro Susceptibility of Candida Pathogens Isolated From Clinical Specimens to Available Antifungal Agents in Nigeria

International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, Jan 10, 2015

Aim: To characterize clinica l isolates of Candida species from a tertiary hospital in South West... more Aim: To characterize clinica l isolates of Candida species from a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria and also to determine their susceptibility to antifungal agents in order to guide in the course of empirical treatment of patients visiting hospitals in Nigeria. Study Design: Thi s was a cross sectional study . Place and Duration of Study: Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Laboratory, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Study duration was Five (5) months. Methods: One hundred and twenty - four Candida species obtained from various body sites were identified and speciated using conventional and analytical profile index (API) for Candida and the susceptibility to 5 antifungal agents was determined using disc and macrodilution methods.

Research paper thumbnail of Serological evidence of HIV, Hepatitis B, C, and E viruses among liver disease patients attending tertiary hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry

Hepatitis infection in HIV positive individuals with liver diseases causes high mortality worldwi... more Hepatitis infection in HIV positive individuals with liver diseases causes high mortality worldwide. HIV worsens the pathological effect of hepatitis viruses and potentiates reactivation of latent hepatitis infections due to reduced immunity. This research therefore aimed to study the occurrence of HIV and hepatitis viruses among liver diseases patients (LVDP) attending tertiary hospitals in Osun State, southwestern Nigeria. A total of 121 LVDP blood samples collected were tested for HIV and Hepatitis B, C, and E using and enzyme linked Immunossorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using packages within SPSS and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Prevalence of 32.2%, 0.8%, 10.7%, and 18.2% for HBsAg, Anti-HCV, HEV-IgM, and HIV were found respectively. Marital status showed a significant association with HEV-IgM infection (χ 2 = 9.869, P = .020). The prevalence of HBsAg, HEV, and HIV among LVDP in Osun State is alarming and health education among the patients and general populace is hereby advocated. High HEV-IgM seroprevalence implies that HEV routine screening should be incorporated into blood screening. Since HEV is associated with unhygienic practice, people should be enlightened on how to improve their living conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of A novel report of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 gene from animal and human feacal samples in Nigeria

Pan African Journal of Life Sciences, 2018

Background: The mobilized colistin resistance (m cr)-1 gene confers transferable colistin resista... more Background: The mobilized colistin resistance (m cr)-1 gene confers transferable colistin resistance. Reports of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPE) have attracted substantial attention. However, in Nigeria, there is no report of mcr-1 gene resistance. Since colistin is a last resort for multiple drug-resistant isolates, this study therefore report the prevalence of mcr-1 gene among E. coli isolated from human and animal sources. Methods: Out of a total of 280 samples collected from animal and hum an faecal samples from selected farms in Oyo and Osun States, Southwestern Nigeria between July 2015 and June 2016, 60 E. coli were identified using standard microbiological methods. The mcr-1 gene was detected in the isolates by conventional PCR assay. Results: The m cr-1 gene was low and not statistically significant (p≥0.05). It was detected in 5 (8.3%) of 60 E. coli isolates (4= animals; 1= human) Conclusion: This study is the first report of mcr -1 gene from E. coli from human and...

Research paper thumbnail of High Viral Hepatitis Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital Ibadan (AMTHI) Oyo State, Nigeria

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, 2020

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) are highly endemic ... more Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) are highly endemic in several African countries including Nigeria with adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes resulting in fatality. This study aimed to determine the viral hepatitis in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic, AMTHI. Informed consent questionnaire was administered before blood collection via venipuncture. a total of 904 pregnant women plasma samples were tested for HBV, HCV, and HEV using ELISA kit. Data was analyzed using packages within SPSS software and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Out of 904 samples analyzed, the overall prevalence of hepatitis infections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in AMTHI was 66(7.3%). High prevalence of the hepatitis infections was found among young women within the age group 21-30 which might be associated with active sex, intravenous drug use, sharing of sharp objects and alcoholism. Blood group O Positive had the highest prevalence of hepatitis. There was statistical significance between blood group and HBsAg infection (P < .05). Genotype AA women had highest prevalence of hepatitis. This study showed significant association between HBsAg, HCV, and HEV positive status with blood group O positive and Genotype AA pregnant women.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection among Students of a Private Tertiary Institution in South-Western Nigeria

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, Jun 10, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Human Herpesvirus Type 8 among Prostate Cancer Patients Compared to Cancer-Free Men

International Journal of Cancer Management, 2021

Background: As one of the most prevalent cancers in men, prostate cancer is a condition with mult... more Background: As one of the most prevalent cancers in men, prostate cancer is a condition with multiple causes. Viral infections have been identified as one of the major sources of elevated incidence of prostate cancer. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the association of the risk of prostate cancer and its aggressiveness with seropositivity of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and/or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Methods: Totally, 103 men with prostate cancer as cases and 81 healthy individuals as controls were included in this case-control analysis and provided a serum sample. The specific IgG antibodies against HSV-2 and HHV-8 were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To determine the association between HSV-2, HHV-8, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and demographic variables with incidence of prostate cancer, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied. Results: The results of the univariate logistic regression model...

Research paper thumbnail of Sero-Prevalence of Anti-Toxoplasma Gondii IgM and IgG Antibodies among Young Adults with History of Ocular Infection in South-Western Nigeria

Toxoplasma gondii causes a vision-threatening parasitic disease (ocular toxoplasmosis) which has ... more Toxoplasma gondii causes a vision-threatening parasitic disease (ocular toxoplasmosis) which has been associated with posterior uveitis worldwide both in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals. This study investigated the sero-prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among undergraduate Students of Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State. The serum samples of 150 participants (75 males and 75 females, aged 16-36 years) with history of eye infection were randomly collected and screened using a one-step Bio-check Toxo IgM/IgG Rapid Antibody Test Cassette (Blue Cross Bio-Medical Co., Ltd, Beijing, China). The demographic and clinical information of the participants were also collected using a structured questionnaire. The outcome of the study shows that out of the 150 participants screened, 3 (2.0%) participants tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody only, 1 (0.7%) tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM antibody only, while 1 (0.7%) person...

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge and Willingness of young Adult to Participate in Early HIV Vaccine Trial in Nigeria

Nigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic (3.4 million) in the world with 3.2% of her young adu... more Nigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic (3.4 million) in the world with 3.2% of her young adults infected. Knowledge and willingness of young adults to participate in early HIV vaccine trial (EHVT) are essential for future interventions. This study aimed to investigate factors influencing willingness to participate (WTP) in EHVT. A cross-sectional study was employed to fetch data from 750 young adults (18-40years) recruited by systematic random sampling between June to December 2016. An informed consent questionnaire addressing socio-demographic factors, contraceptive practices, risky behaviours, knowledge and perception of EHVT study was completed by the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software and p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Up to 240 (32.0%) of 750 expressed WTP in a vaccine study. There was a significant association between the WTP with; education levels (P=0.001), knowledge about HIV vaccine trial (HVT) studies (P=0.003); a positive insight towar...

Research paper thumbnail of Candidiasis in HIV Positive Female Adults on HAART in Ogun State, Nigeria: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility Study

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains one of the largest pandemics in the world. Globally, a... more Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains one of the largest pandemics in the world. Globally, an estimated 37.9 million people are living with HIV, 21.7 million people are accessing antiretroviral therapy, 1.8 million people became newly infected and 940,000 people have died from HIV-related illness in 2017 [1-3 ]. Nigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic in the world and one of the highest new infection rates in Sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Currently, about 1.9 million Nigerians (1.4%, ages 15-49 years) are living with HIV and about 33% are unaware of their HIV status.

Research paper thumbnail of Global molecular diversity of Hepatitis E virus in wild boar and domestic pig

Research paper thumbnail of Contribution of NDM and OXA-type carbapenemases to carbapenem resistance in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii from Nigeria

Infectious Diseases, 2020

Abstract Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii infections are rarely diagnosed in many hospitals in ... more Abstract Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii infections are rarely diagnosed in many hospitals in Nigeria due to a lack of capacity for the identification of the organism in spite of the clinical significance of this opportunistic nosocomial organism. We assembled a panel of presumptive isolates of A. baumannii from tertiary hospitals in Nigeria and analysed mechanisms of resistance phenotypically and by whole genome sequencing. Materials and methods: Twenty-one clinical isolates of A. baumannii identified using standard microbiological tests were tested for susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics by the agar dilution method, and production of ESBLs using phenotypic tests. Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis were used to determine the antimicrobial resistance genes, strain types, phylogenetic relationships and genetic context of resistance genes. Results: The MIC50 and MIC90 of most antibiotics were very high with no difference between MIC50 and MIC90 values apart for amikacin, meropenem and colistin where MIC50 and MIC90 ranged between 1–4 µg/ml and 64–>64 µg/ml, respectively. Multiple resistance genes were detected in most of the isolates including blaNDM-1, various blaOXA-51 family alleles and blaOXA-23. Interestingly, blaNDM-1 carriage did not always result in phenotypic carbapenem resistance. Whole genome alignments typing showed strains belonged to three major clades. Strains within these clades had different resistance genes and resistance patterns. Conclusions: This report shows a high level of resistance to important antibiotics and carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii in Nigeria. We hope this work will serve as a reference for future study in the sub-Saharan region of Africa.

Research paper thumbnail of Erythromycin Resistance Determinants in Clinical Gram Positive Cocci Isolated from Nigerian Patients

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Oral Bacterial Profile and Antibiogram of Patients Attending Dental Clinic of a Private Tertiary Hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria

Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases in Cephalosporin and Carbapenem Resistance in Escherichia coli from Inpatients and Outpatients in Nigeria

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Current Crises, Controversies and Global Strategies to Prevent a Pandemic

International Journal of Pathogen Research, 2020

The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) has been implicated in the outbreak of an uncommon pneumon... more The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) has been implicated in the outbreak of an uncommon pneumonia in Chinese City of Wuhan, Hubei Province first reported in late December 2019. Since then, infection has spread to other Chinese cities, as well as internationally, threatening to trigger a pandemic. On January 30 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) in an effort to slow down the global spread of the virus declared the outbreak, “A global public health emergency of international concern”. As at the time of this review, there were more than 31 000 confirmed cases and 638 deaths reported globally. Controversies exist on the origin of the virus with diverse views. The swift rise in morbidity and mortality rate of the virus has caused widespread alarm in China and other parts of the world. This review is aimed at providing relevant information on the possible origin of the virus, its mode of transmission, associated risk factors, existing controversies, consequences of the current tr...