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Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Environmental Factors on Malaria Prevalence in a Peri-Urban Community in Kwara State, Nigeria

International Journal of Public Health Science, Sep 1, 2014

There is a consensus on the relationship between Malaria Prevalence (MP) and Environmental Factor... more There is a consensus on the relationship between Malaria Prevalence (MP) and Environmental Factors (EF); however, there is a dearth of published data providing this evidence in a quantifiable way. This community based study was undertaken to identify the magnitude of the relationship between MP and key environmental factors in Okelele, Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A multi-staged sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of 501 children from 200 households. Children under the age of 14 years in the selected households were sampled to obtain baseline MP using malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) kit. Key household informant interviews and structured questionnaire were used. Relevant sociodemographic characteristics of the households, EF and non EF were determined. Acquired data was analyzed using statistical tools to determine the relationship between various independent variables and mRDT. Variables were also entered into a multiple regression equation for the generation of a mathematical model. Ethical consent was obtained from the parents before samples were taken.The study showed that EF contributed to MP in the study area. Integrated waste management system, and regular environmental sanitation were recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Catastrophic health expenditure as a result of health shocks: challenge to universal health coverage In Nigeria

Savannah Journal of Medical Research and Practice, Oct 15, 2019

Health shocks coping mechanisms provide important information on how households respond to health... more Health shocks coping mechanisms provide important information on how households respond to health shocks and how payment may affect their future welfare. Health spending ratio to household expenditure, can state if there is threat to consumption especially if the out-of-pocket (OOP) payments is followed by catastrophic or impoverishment consequences. The World Health Organization (WHO) has re – affirmed that when people suffer financial hardship due to OOP, it is impossible to get closer to Universal health coverage (UHC). During health shocks, informal coping mechanisms can be employed by households to mitigate cost of illness especially in low- and middle-income countries including Nigeria where there is poor financial protection. It has been proven that this can have implications for both transient poverty and long-term poverty traps. Health shocks may adversely influence household financial burden, increase hardship, affect ability to contribute to positive child health and education outcome which is a dire consequence of high reliance of OOP payment, it also further widens the intergenerational equality which UHC tends to preach against. Catastrophic Health Expenditures as a result of OOP payment when health shocks occur is an enormous challenge to achieving UHC. It is therefore more urgent than ever for the Nigerian Government to create innovative ways to increase financial protection, intensify implementation of health policies for all its citizens irrespective of social class, age, gender or area of residence and draw lessons from other countries who have achieved or near achieve UHC.Keywords: Catastrophic Health Expenditures, Universal Health CoverageSavannah Journal of Medical Research and Practice 2018;7(1):01- 06

Research paper thumbnail of Health Shocks and Coping Mechanisms in North Central Nigeria: The Gender Perspective

Journal of Health and Medical Sciences, Sep 30, 2022

The Journal of Health and Medical Sciences is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied,... more The Journal of Health and Medical Sciences is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied, and distributed free of charge according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

Research paper thumbnail of Health Shocks and Coping Mechanisms in North Central Nigeria: The Gender Perspective

Journal of Health and Medical Sciences

Introduction: Reliance on out-of-pockets (OOP) payments for health services has continued to hamp... more Introduction: Reliance on out-of-pockets (OOP) payments for health services has continued to hamper access to quality healthcare across Nigeria. Socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the gender of the household head as it influences and impacts health shocks and OOP payments have received very little attention globally. This study investigated the gender perspective on health shocks, health expenditures and coping mechanisms in North Central, Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study involving both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A total of 1,192 households were studied using multi-stage sampling technique in both rural and urban communities in North Central, Nigeria. Data was analysed with SPSS version 20, and qualitative analysis was done by thematic analysis. Results: The finding showed that 458 (38.4%) of the respondents were female-headed households (FHHs). Female-headed households were less educated, earned lower incom...

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of environmental factors on malaria prevalence in a peri-urban community in Kwara state, Nigeria

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Article Info ABSTRACT Article history

There is a consensus on the relationship between Malaria Prevalence (MP) and Environmental Factor... more There is a consensus on the relationship between Malaria Prevalence (MP) and Environmental Factors (EF); however, there is a dearth of published data providing this evidence in a quantifiable way. This community based study was undertaken to identify the magnitude of the relationship between MP and key environmental factors in Okelele, Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A multi-staged sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of 501 children from 200 households. Children under the age of 14 years in the selected households were sampled to obtain baseline MP using malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) kit. Key household informant interviews and structured questionnaire were used. Relevant socio-demographic characteristics of the households, EF and non EF were determined. Acquired data was analyzed using statistical tools to determine the relationship between various independent variables and mRDT. Variables were also entered into a multiple regression eq...

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Environmental Factors on Malaria Prevalence in a Peri-Urban Community in Kwara State, Nigeria

International Journal of Public Health Science, Sep 1, 2014

There is a consensus on the relationship between Malaria Prevalence (MP) and Environmental Factor... more There is a consensus on the relationship between Malaria Prevalence (MP) and Environmental Factors (EF); however, there is a dearth of published data providing this evidence in a quantifiable way. This community based study was undertaken to identify the magnitude of the relationship between MP and key environmental factors in Okelele, Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A multi-staged sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of 501 children from 200 households. Children under the age of 14 years in the selected households were sampled to obtain baseline MP using malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) kit. Key household informant interviews and structured questionnaire were used. Relevant sociodemographic characteristics of the households, EF and non EF were determined. Acquired data was analyzed using statistical tools to determine the relationship between various independent variables and mRDT. Variables were also entered into a multiple regression equation for the generation of a mathematical model. Ethical consent was obtained from the parents before samples were taken.The study showed that EF contributed to MP in the study area. Integrated waste management system, and regular environmental sanitation were recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Catastrophic health expenditure as a result of health shocks: challenge to universal health coverage In Nigeria

Savannah Journal of Medical Research and Practice, Oct 15, 2019

Health shocks coping mechanisms provide important information on how households respond to health... more Health shocks coping mechanisms provide important information on how households respond to health shocks and how payment may affect their future welfare. Health spending ratio to household expenditure, can state if there is threat to consumption especially if the out-of-pocket (OOP) payments is followed by catastrophic or impoverishment consequences. The World Health Organization (WHO) has re – affirmed that when people suffer financial hardship due to OOP, it is impossible to get closer to Universal health coverage (UHC). During health shocks, informal coping mechanisms can be employed by households to mitigate cost of illness especially in low- and middle-income countries including Nigeria where there is poor financial protection. It has been proven that this can have implications for both transient poverty and long-term poverty traps. Health shocks may adversely influence household financial burden, increase hardship, affect ability to contribute to positive child health and education outcome which is a dire consequence of high reliance of OOP payment, it also further widens the intergenerational equality which UHC tends to preach against. Catastrophic Health Expenditures as a result of OOP payment when health shocks occur is an enormous challenge to achieving UHC. It is therefore more urgent than ever for the Nigerian Government to create innovative ways to increase financial protection, intensify implementation of health policies for all its citizens irrespective of social class, age, gender or area of residence and draw lessons from other countries who have achieved or near achieve UHC.Keywords: Catastrophic Health Expenditures, Universal Health CoverageSavannah Journal of Medical Research and Practice 2018;7(1):01- 06

Research paper thumbnail of Health Shocks and Coping Mechanisms in North Central Nigeria: The Gender Perspective

Journal of Health and Medical Sciences, Sep 30, 2022

The Journal of Health and Medical Sciences is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied,... more The Journal of Health and Medical Sciences is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied, and distributed free of charge according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

Research paper thumbnail of Health Shocks and Coping Mechanisms in North Central Nigeria: The Gender Perspective

Journal of Health and Medical Sciences

Introduction: Reliance on out-of-pockets (OOP) payments for health services has continued to hamp... more Introduction: Reliance on out-of-pockets (OOP) payments for health services has continued to hamper access to quality healthcare across Nigeria. Socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the gender of the household head as it influences and impacts health shocks and OOP payments have received very little attention globally. This study investigated the gender perspective on health shocks, health expenditures and coping mechanisms in North Central, Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study involving both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A total of 1,192 households were studied using multi-stage sampling technique in both rural and urban communities in North Central, Nigeria. Data was analysed with SPSS version 20, and qualitative analysis was done by thematic analysis. Results: The finding showed that 458 (38.4%) of the respondents were female-headed households (FHHs). Female-headed households were less educated, earned lower incom...

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of environmental factors on malaria prevalence in a peri-urban community in Kwara state, Nigeria

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Article Info ABSTRACT Article history

There is a consensus on the relationship between Malaria Prevalence (MP) and Environmental Factor... more There is a consensus on the relationship between Malaria Prevalence (MP) and Environmental Factors (EF); however, there is a dearth of published data providing this evidence in a quantifiable way. This community based study was undertaken to identify the magnitude of the relationship between MP and key environmental factors in Okelele, Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A multi-staged sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of 501 children from 200 households. Children under the age of 14 years in the selected households were sampled to obtain baseline MP using malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) kit. Key household informant interviews and structured questionnaire were used. Relevant socio-demographic characteristics of the households, EF and non EF were determined. Acquired data was analyzed using statistical tools to determine the relationship between various independent variables and mRDT. Variables were also entered into a multiple regression eq...